Concentration Mechanisms (concentration + mechanism)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Modeling a linear electric molten zone in a silicon ribbon

PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 6 2009
Miguel C. Brito
81·10.Fq,crystal growth from melts; zone melting and refining Abstract The linear electric molten zone produced by passing an electric current in a silicon ribbon may be used to create a floating molten zone specially suited for a recrystallization process. A one-dimensional heat transfer numerical model of a linear electric molten zone is developed. Simulation results show the electric current concentration mechanism, and describe the effect of parameters such as the auxiliary radiative input power, or the ribbon thermal conditioning and geometry on the temperature profile and the molten zone width. It is shown that producing a linear molten zone electrically, is about half as energy intensive as if this were done solely by radiative heating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Constituent Particle Break-Up During Hot Rolling of AA 5182,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010
Nicolas Moulin
Aluminum sheet is currently used for body panels on a number of mass-produced vehicles, in particular for closure panels. AA5xxx alloys always contain coarse inter-metallic particles (Alx(Fe,Mn)ySi, Mg2Si) after casting. In the present work inter-metallic particle break-up during hot reversible rolling of AA5182 alloy sheets has been analyzed. The sizes and shapes of inter-metallic particles in as-cast and industrially hot rolled AA5182 alloys sheets were characterized by 3D X-ray tomography observations. The relation between particle break-up and particle morphology was then analyzed statistically and by a micromechanical finite element (FE)-based model. The essential outcomes of the statistical approach may be summarized as follows. The inter-metallic particle population may be described by five morphological parameters. Secondly the comparison of the particle morphology in as cast and industrially rolled sheets leads to the definition of five classes. The evolution of each particle class as function of the rolling strain is provided. The statistical analysis shows which particles break-up. The stresses and strains in inter-metallic particles, embedded in an elasto-viscoplastic aluminum matrix submitted to plane strain compression, were analyzed by an FE model. A new failure criterion was proposed. The essential outcomes of the mechanical approach are as follows: a precise description of stress concentration mechanisms in nonconvex particles, a close description of the parameters controlling particle break-up, and finally a simplified classification of the failure behavior. [source]


IDENTIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF SIGNALING AND REGULATORY COMPONENTS IN THE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA,

JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Anton Montsant
Diatoms are unicellular brown algae that likely arose from the endocytobiosis of a red alga into a single-celled heterotroph and that constitute an algal class of major importance in phytoplankton communities around the globe. The first whole-genome sequence from a diatom species, Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal, was recently reported, and features that are central to diatom physiology and ecology, such as silicon and nitrogen metabolism, iron uptake, and carbon concentration mechanisms, were described. Following this initial study, the basic cellular systems controlling cell signaling, gene expression, cytoskeletal structures, and response to stress have been cataloged in an attempt to obtain a global view of the molecular foundations that sustain such an ecologically successful group of organisms. Comparative analysis with several microbial, plant, and metazoan complete genome sequences allowed the identification of putative membrane receptors, signaling proteins, and other components of central interest to diatom ecophysiology and evolution. Thalassiosira pseudonana likely perceives light through a novel phytochrome and several cryptochrome photoreceptors; it may lack the conserved RHO small-GTPase subfamily of cell-polarity regulators, despite undergoing polarized cell-wall synthesis; and it possesses an unusually large number of heat-shock transcription factors, which may indicate the central importance of transcriptional responses to environmental stress. The availability of the complete gene repertoire will permit a detailed biochemical and genetic analysis of how diatoms prosper in aquatic environments and will contribute to the understanding of eukaryotic evolution. [source]


Interaction of UV Radiation and Inorganic Carbon Supply in the Inhibition of Photosynthesis: Spectral and Temporal Responses of Two Marine Picoplankters,

PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
Cristina Sobrino
ABSTRACT The effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on inhibition of photosynthesis was studied in two species of marine picoplankton with different carbon concentration mechanisms: Nannochloropsis gaditana Lubián possesses a bicarbonate uptake system and Nannochloris atomus Butcher a CO2 active transport system. Biological weighting functions (BWFs) for inhibition of photosynthesis by UVR and photosynthesis vs irradiance (PI) curves for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were estimated for both species grown with an enriched CO2 supply (high dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC]: 1% CO2 in air) and in atmospheric CO2 levels (low DIC: 0.03% CO2). The response to UVR and PAR exposures was different in each species depending on the DIC treatment. Under PAR exposure, rates of maximum photosynthesis were similar between treatments in N. gaditana. However, the cultures growing in high DIC had lower sensitivity to UVR than the low DIC cultures. In contrast, N. atomus had higher rates of photosynthesis under PAR exposure with high DIC, but the BWFs were not significantly different between treatments. The results suggest that one or more processes in N. gaditana associated with HCO3, transport are target(s) for UV photodamage because there was relatively less UV inhibition of the high DIC-grown cultures in which inorganic carbon fixation is supplied by passive CO2 diffusion. Time courses of photochemical efficiency in PAR, during UV exposure and during subsequent recovery in PAR, were determined using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. The results were consistent with the BWFs. In all time courses, a steady state was obtained after an initial decrease, consistent with a dynamic balance between damage and repair as found for other phytoplankton. However, the relationship of response to exposure showed a steep decline in activity that is consistent with a constant rate of repair. A novel feature of a model developed from a constant repair rate is an explicit threshold for photosynthetic response to UV. [source]