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Complexity Score (complexity + score)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

To Assign a Topic or Not: Observing Fluency and Complexity in Intermediate Foreign Language Writing

FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 4 2008
Joshua D. Bonzo Assistant ProfessorArticle first published online: 19 MAR 200
Abstract: The present study examines the written products of third-semester German students' written productions during a timed, in-class writing activity. Topic selection control was modulated from instructor to student during eight 10-minute sessions. To account for order of treatment, two of the four groups were counterbalanced with the other two. Each written product was textually analyzed and categorized into a general fluency index and an overall grammatical complexity score, both of which were correlated and statistically analyzed (ANOVA). ANOVA results indicate that topic control did influence participants' written fluency but not grammatical complexity (though mean scores for complexity were higher during self-selected topic writing). Participants' overall level of fluency was significantly higher when they selected their own topics. [source]

Relationship Between Connexins and Atrial Activation During Human Atrial Fibrillation

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
M.R.C.P., PRAPA KANAGARATNAM Ph.D.
Introduction: Gap junctional connexin proteins (connexin40 [Cx40], connexin43 [Cx43]) are a determinant of myocardial conduction and are implicated in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that atrial activation pattern during AF is related to connexin expression and that this relationship is altered by AF-induced remodeling in the fibrillating atria of chronic AF. Methods and Results: Isochronal activation mapping was performed during cardiac surgery on the right atria of patients in chronic AF (n = 13) using an epicardial electrode array. The atrial activation pattern was categorized using a complexity score based on the number of propagating wavefronts of activation and by grouping atria into those capable of uniform planar activation (simple) and those that were not (complex). The activation pattern was correlated with the levels of Cx43 and Cx40 signal measured by immunoconfocal quantification of biopsies from the mapped region. We studied the impact of electrical remodeling by comparing these findings with the unremodeled atria of patients in sinus rhythm during pacing-induced sustained AF (n = 17). In chronic AF, atria with complex activation had lower Cx40 signal than atria showing simple activation (0.013 ± 0.006 ,m2/,m2 vs 0.027 ± 0.009 ,m2/,m2, P < 0.02), with the relative connexin signal (Cx40/Cx40+Cx43) correlating with complexity score (P = 0.01, r =,0.74). This relationship did not occur in the unremodeled atria, and increased heterogeneity of distribution of Cx40 labeling in chronic AF was the only evidence of connexin remodeling that we detected in the overall group. Conclusion: The pattern of atrial activation is related to immunoconfocal connexin signal only in the fully remodeled atria of chronic AF. This suggests that intercellular coupling and pattern of atrial activation are interrelated, but only in conjunction with the remodeling of atrial electrophysiology that occurs in chronic AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 206-213, February 2004) [source]

Integrative Complexity of 41 U.S. Presidents

POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Felix J. Thoemmes
Although U.S. presidents are one of the most studied groups of political figures and integrative complexity is one of the most widely used constructs in political psychology, no study to date has fully examined the integrative complexity of all U.S. presidents. The present study helps fill in that gap by scoring 41 U.S. presidents' first four State of the Union speeches for integrative complexity and then comparing these scores with a large range of available situational and personality variables. Results suggest a tendency for presidents' integrative complexity to be higher at the beginning of their first term and drop at the end. This pattern was pronounced for presidents who eventually won reelection to a second term and was markedly different for presidents who tried to gain reelection but lost. Additional analyses suggested that presidents' overall integrative complexity scores were in part accounted for by chronic differences between presidents' complexity levels. Further analyses revealed that this overall integrative complexity score was positively correlated to a set of interpersonal traits (friendliness, affiliation motive, extraversion, and wittiness) and negatively correlated with inflexibility. Discussion centers upon the causes and consequences of presidential complexity. [source]