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Complex Displays (complex + display)
Selected AbstractsFaces Attract Infants' Attention in Complex DisplaysINFANCY, Issue 5 2009Teodora Gliga Infant's face preferences have previously been assessed in displays containing 1 or 2 faces. Here we present 6-month-old infants with a complex visual array containing faces among multiple visual objects. Despite the competing objects, infants direct their first saccade toward faces more frequently than expected by chance (Experiment 1). The attention-grabbing effect of faces is not selective to upright faces (Experiment 2) but does require the presence of internal facial elements, as faces whose interior has been phase-scrambled did not attract infants' attention (Experiment 3). On the contrary, when the number of fixations is considered, upright faces are scanned more extensively than both inverted and phase-scrambled faces. The difference in selectivity between the first look measure and the fixation count measure is discussed in light of a distinction between attention-grabbing and attention-holding mechanisms. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear {(salen)Al} Complexes Display Expanded Scope in the Conjugate Cyanation of ,,,-Unsaturated Imides.CHEMINFORM, Issue 27 2008Clement Mazet Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Long-distance signals influence assessment of close range mating displays in the field cricket, Gryllus integerBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2010ANNE S. LEONARD Male sexual displays often include components detected across long distances, and those perceived only at close range. Understanding what information females gain from each component of a complex display and how they use these signals to make decisions are questions of major interest in sexual selection research. We evaluated content-based hypotheses (,redundant signals' and ,multiple messages') for the courtship displays of field crickets (Gryllus integer) by measuring female responses to males' long-distance calling song (calls) and close-range chemical cues. Females' responses to a male's calls and chemical cues were uncorrelated, supporting the ,multiple messages' hypothesis. We also tested the ,inter-signal interaction' hypothesis by investigating how long-distance calls influence evaluation of close-range courtship. The relationship between long- and close-range signals was complex and conditional: females accepted close-range courtship more quickly after exposure to attractive calling song than they did after exposure to either unattractive calling song or silence, and unattractive calls were no more or less effective than silence. This inter-signal interaction could affect our understanding of mate choice in species with multiple mating signals because it implies that females may save time and energy by not assessing the close-range signals of attractive long-distance signalers. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 856,865. [source] Surprising Coordination Geometry Differences in CeIV - and PuIV -Maltol Complexes,EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 13 2008Géza Szigethy Abstract As part of a study to characterize the detailed coordination behavior of PuIV, single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures have been determined for PuIV and CeIV complexes with the naturally occurring ligand maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one) and its derivative bromomaltol (5-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one). Although CeIV is generally accepted as a structural analog for PuIV, and the maltol complexes of these two metals are isostructural, the corresponding bromomaltol complexes are strikingly different with respect to ligand orientation about the metal ion: All complexes exhibit trigonal dodecahedral coordination geometry but the CeIV,bromomaltol complex displays an uncommon ligand arrangement not found in the PuIV complex.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] Improved efficacy and tolerability of retinoic acid in acne vulgaris: a new topical formulation with cyclodextrin complex ,JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 4 2004RY Anadolu ABSTRACT Objectives, Retinoic acid (RA) has long been used, both topically and systemically, for disorders of keratinization, acne and related disorders. In the present study, the efficacy and tolerability of topical RA prepared as a cyclodextrin beta complex (,-CD) is investigated in 66 acne vulgaris patients. Methods, This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compares nightly topical application of RA/,-CD complex hydrogel formulation (0.025%), RA/,-CD complex in moisturizing base (0.025%), hydrogel base, moisturizer base or a commercial RA gel (0.05%) in acne vulgaris patients. Improvement of acne was assessed using a 5-point improvement scale and by measuring sebum and moisture content of the skin using an SM 810 sebumeter/corneometer. Results, After 3 months of treatment, mean scores of acne improvement on the 5-point scale were 4 with the RA/,-CD complex hydrogel formulation, 4.1 with the RA/,-CD complex in moisturizing base, 1.2 with hydrogel placebo base, 1.1 with moisturizer placebo base and 3 with the commercial RA product. All patients treated with the commercial product experienced local side-effects. One patient discontinued due to severe irritation. None of the patients treated with the RA/,-CD complex in the moisturizing base and hydrogel formulation experienced significant local irritation, although the sebum content of the skin decreased after application of the RA/,-CD preparations. This change was not significant compared to controls. The moisture content of the skin was better preserved in the group treated with the RA/,-CD complex in the moisturizing base. Conclusion, The topical RA/,-CD complex, in hydrogel and moisturizing base, was more effective than the twice concentrated commercial RA product. There were few topical side-effects with this new formulation, which increases patient compliance. Topical RA/,-CD (0.025% RA) did not significantly reduce sebum secretion but may help to preserve optimum epidermal moisture content with the proper base formulation. This is the first study in the literature reporting efficacy and tolerability of the topical RA/,-CD complex in acne vulgaris. We conclude that the topical RA/,-CD complex displays an improved efficacy and tolerability profile and is an effective treatment alternative for acne vulgaris. [source] Diorganotin(IV) Derivatives of Substituted Benzohydroxamic Acids with High Antitumor ActivityCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004Qingshan Li Abstract A series of diorganotin(IV) and dichlorotin(IV) derivatives of 4-X-benzohydroxamic acids, [HL1 (X = Cl) or HL2 (X = OCH3)] formulated as [R2SnL2] (R = Me, Et, nBu, Ph or Cl; L = L1 or L2), along with their corresponding mixed-ligand complexes [R2Sn(L1)(L2)] have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and melting points. In addition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out for [Me2SnL2] (L = L1 or L2), which show coordination structures intermediate between distorted octahedra and bicapped tetrahedra. The hydroxamate ligands are asymmetrically coordinated by the oxygen atoms, the carbonyl oxygen atom is further away from the metal center than the other oxygen atom. The complexes are stable monomeric species; most of them are soluble not only in chlorohydrocarbon solvents, but also in alcohols and hydroalcoholic solutions. In polar solvents, the mixed-ligand complexes gradually decompose into the corresponding single-ligand complex couples. The complexes exhibit in vitro antitumor activities (against a series of human tumor cell lines) which, in some cases, are identical to, or even higher than, that of cisplatin. For the dialkyltin complexes, the activity increases with the length of the carbon chain of the alkyl ligand and is higher in the case of the chloro-substituted benzohydroxamato ligand. The [nBu2Sn(L1)2] complex displays a high in vivo activity against H22 liver and BGC-823 gastric tumors, and has a relatively low toxicity. [source] Electron Transfer from Photoexcited TiO2 to Chelating Alizarin Molecules: Reversible Photochromic Effect in Alizarin@TiO2 under UV IrradiationCHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 7 2009Yesica Di Iorio Abstract Reduction of alizarin molecules coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles occurs on UV irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Reduction is mediated by conduction-band electrons and yields a 1,2,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene species which remains coupled to the TiO2 nanoparticles (see figure). The process can be reversed by addition of an acceptor (i.e. oxygen). Reduction of alizarin molecules coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles (A@TiO2) occurs on UV irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Evidence is presented that reduction is mediated by conduction-band electrons and yields a 1,2,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene species which remains coupled to the TiO2 nanoparticles. The spectrum of the reduced complex displays two overlapping broad bands centred at 480 and 650 nm which can harvest visible photons besides 900 nm, in agreement with theoretical predictions by TDDFT. The potential relevance of the dual-redox behaviour of strongly TiO2 coupled anthraquinone dyes in the field of photocatalysis and in connection with their utilization in the development of dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells is briefly discussed. [source] The Variable Binding Modes of Phenylbis(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)phosphane and Bis(pyrid-2-ylmethyl) Phenylphosphonite with AgI and CuIEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 20 2009Fernando Hung-Low Abstract A series of new bridging phosphane and phosphonite structures forming three- and six-membered rings with the metal centers were synthesized and characterized. The resulting compounds of phenylbis(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)phosphane (1) with the silver(I) salts of trifluoroacetate (tfa,), tetrafluoroborate (BF4,), and trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf,), and copper tetrakis(acetonitrile) hexafluorophosphate (PF6,) shows the flexibility of the ligand by displaying different coordination modes associated with the electronic and structural characteristics of the corresponding anion. Accordingly, ligand 1 in these complexes displays two different binding modes. With Agtfa and AgBF4 compounds 3 and 4 are obtained where the ligand chelates to two silver atoms that exhibit normalAg,Ag contacts in the range of 2.9 Å. When AgOTf or Cu(NCCH3)4PF6 are used, one molecule of 1 bridges the metal centers through a phosphorus atom while another is terminally bound. This induces short M,M distances of 2.6871 and 2.568 Å for 5 and 6, respectively. Similarly, the coordination behavior of the heterofunctional bis(pyrid-2-ylmethyl) phenylphosphonite ligand (2) is reported with Cu(NCCH3)4PF6 (7) and AgBF4 (8) to form two novel discrete molecules. In these complexes 2 coordinates through the P and N atoms, with the difference that in 7 the O atom of one of the carbinol arms is also bound to the Cu. Elemental analysis, variable-temperature multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and low-temperature luminescence studies were carried out to fully characterize the compounds. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] | |||||||||||||