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Completed Interviews (completed + interview)
Selected AbstractsFeasibility and validity of low-budget telephonic follow-up interviews in routine outcome monitoring of substance abuse treatmentADDICTION, Issue 7 2009Suzan C.C. Oudejans ABSTRACT Aims Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is receiving growing attention. However, follow-up interviews are time-consuming and costly. This study examines the feasibility and validity of low-budget telephonic follow-up interviews for ROM in a substance abuse treatment centre (SATC). Design Observational study using data collected for routine outcome monitoring. Setting The study was performed in a SATC in an urban area in the Netherlands. Participants Feasibility and validity were assessed on data of 2325 patients. Measurements Data on pre-treatment socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using electronic patient records (EPRs) and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). Data on intensity of treatment were also collected through the EPRs. Telephonic follow-up interviews were conducted between 9 and 10 months after intake. Findings A 53% follow-up rate was achieved; 35% of the patients could not be contacted, 3% explicitly refused and in 8% other reasons accounted for non-participation. About 50% of the interviews took place in the intended time-frame. Costs were ,40 ($57) per completed interview. There were indications of selection bias, because patients with cocaine as their primary problem and patients with polysubstance abuse were under-represented in the follow-up sample; the presence of these disorders is associated with negative treatment outcome. Conclusions Implementing telephonic low-budget follow-up interviews for ROM is feasible, but selection bias threatens internal validity of data, limiting generalization to the total treatment population. Increased efforts to track patients for follow-up may improve generalization. [source] What motivates men age , 50 years to participate in a screening program for melanoma?CANCER, Issue 4 2006Monika Janda PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. The screening behavior and screening outcomes of men age ,50 years was investigated within a randomized controlled trial of a community-based intervention of screening for melanoma, consisting of a community education program, an education program for medical practitioners, and the provision of dedicated skin-screening clinics. METHODS. Data from cross-sectional telephone surveys before (559 completed interviews), at the end (591 completed interview), and at 2 years after the intervention (445 completed interviews) were analyzed. In addition, the authors analyzed data from skin-screening clinics within the intervention program (3355 men age ,50 years participated). RESULTS. During the intervention period men age ,50 years increased both their screening behavior and intention to screen. Those men age ,50 years who reported a past history of removal of a mole as well as other risk factors for skin cancer and positive attitudes toward screening were more likely to participate in skin screening across time. Men age ,50 years accounted for 20.5% of all skin-screening clinic attendees, 31.3% of those referred for a suspicious lesion, 48.5% of melanomas, and 45% of all keratinocyte carcinomas diagnosed within the screening program, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The intervention program successfully motivated men age ,50 years to attend screening for skin cancer, resulting in the highest yield of skin cancer within this subgroup of the population. Messages addressing skin cancer risk factors and attitudes toward skin cancer and screening could be used to target a screening program for melanoma toward men age ,50 years. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] The Mexican migration to the United States and substance use in northern MexicoADDICTION, Issue 4 2009Guilherme Borges ABSTRACT Aims To examine the impact of migration to the United States on substance use and substance use disorders in three urban areas of northern Mexico. Design Cross-sectional survey of immigration-related experiences and life-time and past-year alcohol and drug use, in a representative sample of respondents aged 12,65 years. Setting Interviews were conducted in the cities of Tijuana, Ciudad Juarez and Monterrey during 2005. Respondents were classified into three groups: (i) ,return migrants', (ii) ,relatives of migrants' and (iii) ,others in the general population'. Findings A total of 1630 completed interviews were obtained for a response rate of 70.5%. ,Return migrants' were more likely to have used alcohol, marijuana or cocaine at least once in their life-time and in the last 12 months, more likely to develop a substance use disorder and more likely to have a 12-month substance use disorder compared with ,others in the general population'. Among ,return migrants', longer length of time in the United States and type of work performed as an immigrant were related to higher prevalence of substance use. Among ,relatives of migrants', migration experiences were not associated with increased prevalence of substance use compared with ,others in the general population'. Conclusion This study found a link between migration to the United States and the transformation of substance use norms and pathology in Mexico. Future research on pre-migration involvement in substance use and data on the timing of events among return migrants is needed. Public health measures are likely to require cross-border coordination of research and service development. [source] The Effects of Staffing on In-Bed Times of Nursing Home ResidentsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2004Barbara M. Bates-Jensen PhD, CWOCN Objectives: To examine the effect of staffing level on time observed in bed during the daytime in nursing home (NH) residents. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Thirty-four southern California NHs. Participants: A total of 882 NH residents: 837 had hourly observation data, 777 had mealtime observations, 837 completed interviews, and 817 completed a physical performance test. Measurements: Cross-sectional data collected from participants at each NH site included direct observations (hourly and mealtime), resident interviews, medical record review, and physical performance tests. Results: In multivariate analyses, staffing level remained the strongest predictor of time observed in bed after controlling for resident functional measures (odds ratio=4.89; P=.042). Residents observed in bed during the daytime in more than 50% of hourly observations were observed also to experience increased daytime sleeping (P<.001) and less social engagement (P=.026) and consumed less food and fluids during mealtimes than those observed in bed in less than 50% of observations, after adjusting for resident function (P<.001). Conclusion: In this sample of NHs, resident functional measures and NH staffing level predicted observed time in bed according to hourly observations, with staffing level the most powerful predictor. Neither of these predictors justifies the excessive in-bed times observed in this study. Staff care practices relevant to encouraging residents to be out of bed and resident preferences for being in bed should be examined and improved. Practice recommendations regarding in-bed time should be considered, and further research should seek to inform the development of such recommendations. [source] Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age babies: The Auckland Birthweight Collaborative StudyJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 4 2001JMD Thompson Objective: This case-control study determined whether internationally recognized risk factors for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) term babies were applicable in New Zealand. Methodology: All babies were born at 37 or more completed weeks of gestation in one of three hospitals in Auckland. Cases weighed less than the sex specific 10th percentile for gestational age at birth, and controls (appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA)) were a random selection of heavier babies. Information was collected by maternal interview and from obstetric databases. Results: Information from 1714 completed interviews (844 SGA and 870 AGA) was available for analysis. Computerized obstetric records were available for 1691 of the 1701 women who consented to such access. In a multivariate analysis allowing for sex, gestational age at birth, social class and other potential confounders, mothers who smoked had a significantly increased risk of an SGA baby (adjusted OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.78,;3.28), as did primiparous mothers (adjusted OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03,;1.73), mothers of Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.95,;5.30), women with pre-eclamptic toxaemia (adjusted OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.08,;5.40) and those with pre-existing hypertension toxaemia (adjusted OR 5.49; 95% CI 1.81,;16.71). Mothers of SGA infants were shorter (P < 0.001) and reported lower prepregnancy body weights (P < 0.001) than mothers of AGA infants. The population attributable fraction for smoking suggests that up to 18% of SGA infants born in the ABC Study could be related to maternal smoking. Conclusions: Risk factors associated with SGA births in other countries are also important in New Zealand. Smoking in pregnancy is an important and potentially modifiable behaviour, and efforts to decrease the number of women who smoke during pregnancy should be encouraged. [source] What motivates men age , 50 years to participate in a screening program for melanoma?CANCER, Issue 4 2006Monika Janda PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. The screening behavior and screening outcomes of men age ,50 years was investigated within a randomized controlled trial of a community-based intervention of screening for melanoma, consisting of a community education program, an education program for medical practitioners, and the provision of dedicated skin-screening clinics. METHODS. Data from cross-sectional telephone surveys before (559 completed interviews), at the end (591 completed interview), and at 2 years after the intervention (445 completed interviews) were analyzed. In addition, the authors analyzed data from skin-screening clinics within the intervention program (3355 men age ,50 years participated). RESULTS. During the intervention period men age ,50 years increased both their screening behavior and intention to screen. Those men age ,50 years who reported a past history of removal of a mole as well as other risk factors for skin cancer and positive attitudes toward screening were more likely to participate in skin screening across time. Men age ,50 years accounted for 20.5% of all skin-screening clinic attendees, 31.3% of those referred for a suspicious lesion, 48.5% of melanomas, and 45% of all keratinocyte carcinomas diagnosed within the screening program, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The intervention program successfully motivated men age ,50 years to attend screening for skin cancer, resulting in the highest yield of skin cancer within this subgroup of the population. Messages addressing skin cancer risk factors and attitudes toward skin cancer and screening could be used to target a screening program for melanoma toward men age ,50 years. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||