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Comparable Effects (comparable + effects)
Selected AbstractsDevelopmental and environmental regulation of antifreeze proteins in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitorFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 21 2000Laurie A. Graham The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, contains a family of small Cys-rich and Thr-rich thermal hysteresis proteins that depress the hemolymph freezing point below the melting point by as much as 5.5 °C (,T = thermal hysteresis). Thermal hysteresis protein expression was evaluated throughout development and after exposure to altered environmental conditions. Under favorable growth conditions, small larvae (11,13 mg) had only low levels of thermal hysteresis proteins or thermal hysteresis protein message, but these levels increased 10-fold and 18-fold, respectively, by the final larval instar (> 190 mg), resulting in thermal hysteresis >,3 °C. Exposure of small larvae (11,13 mg) to 4 weeks of cold (4 °C) caused an ,,20-fold increase in thermal hysteresis protein concentration, well in excess of the less than threefold developmental increase seen after 4 weeks at 22 °C. Exposure of large larvae (100,120 mg) to cold caused 12-fold and sixfold increases in thermal hysteresis protein message and protein levels, respectively, approximately double the maximum levels they would have attained in the final larval instar at 22 °C. Thus, thermal hysteresis increased to similar levels (> 4 °C) in the cold, irrespective of the size of the larvae (the overwintering stage). At pupation, thermal hysteresis protein message levels decreased >,20-fold and remained low thereafter, but thermal hysteresis activity decreased much more slowly. Exposure to cold did not reverse this decline. Desiccation or starvation of larvae had comparable effects to cold exposure, but surprisingly, short daylength photoperiod or total darkness had no effect on either thermal hysteresis or message levels. As all environmental conditions that caused increased thermal hysteresis also inhibited growth, we postulate that developmental arrest is a primary factor in the regulation of T. molitor thermal hysteresis proteins. [source] Equal effects of gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.42) on modified thrombelastography in childrenACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2009W. A. OSTHAUS Background: Artificial colloids are frequently used to prevent or treat circulatory failure due to hypovolaemia. Whereas gelatin has been shown not to affect coagulation besides its haemodilutional effect, hydroxyethyl starches (HES) have additional negative effects on haemostasis. The third-generation HES solutions have been developed to minimise these effects. We therefore conducted a prospective, randomised study, to verify the hypothesis that a 6% HES 130/0.42/6 : 1 and a 4% gelatin infusion influences modified thrombelastography (TEM) parameters in children in the same manner and to the same extent. Methods: A total of 50 paediatric patients aged 0,12 years scheduled for surgery were assigned to receive either 10 ml/kg HES 130/0.42 or gelatin. Blood gas analysis, haemodynamic parameters and TEM measurements were performed before and after colloid administration. Results: Patient characteristics, indications/surgical procedures and the main results obtained from blood gas analysis were comparable between the two groups. After administration of either gelatin or HES, all TEM parameters, except for clotting time, indicated impaired coagulation whereas the mean values of all TEM parameters remained within the normal ranges. Comparing the gelatin and HES 130/0.42/6 : 1 groups, none of the measured TEM parameters was found to show between-group differences at baseline or after colloid infusion. Conclusion: In conclusion, we could demonstrate that the investigational product, HES 130/0.42/6 : 1 solution, administered at a dosage of 10 ml/kg to children, had comparable effects on coagulation monitored with TEM as a gelatin solution. Perioperative administration of HES 130/0.42/6 : 1 does not alter coagulation to an extent above and beyond the effect of haemodilution. [source] "Juvenile stress" alters maturation-related changes in expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 in the limbic system: Relevance for stress-related psychopathologiesJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010M.M. Tsoory Abstract L1 is critically involved in neural development and maturation, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and learning processes. Among adult rats, chronic stress protocols that affect L1 functioning also induce impaired cognitive and neural functioning and heightened anxiety reminiscent of stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. Epidemiological studies indicate that childhood trauma is related predominantly to higher rates of both mood and anxiety disorders in adulthood and is associated with altered limbic system functioning. Exposing rats to stress during the juvenile period ("juvenile stress") has comparable effects and was suggested as a model of induced predisposition for these disorders. This study examined the effects of juvenile stress on rats aversive learning and on L1 expression soon after exposure and in adulthood, both following additional exposure to acute stress and in its absence. Adult juvenile-stressed rats exhibited enhanced cued fear conditioning, reduced novel-setting exploration, and impaired avoidance learning. Furthermore, juvenile stress increased L1 expression in the BLA, CA1, DG, and EC both soon after the stressful experience and during adulthood. It appears that juvenile stress affects the normative maturational decrease in L1 expression. The results support previous indications that juvenile stress alters the maturation of the limbic system and further support a role for L1 regulation in the mechanisms that underlie the predisposition to exhibit mood and/or anxiety disorders in adulthood. Furthermore, the findings support the "network hypothesis," which postulates that information-processing problems within relevant neural networks might underlie stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Antidepressant evaluation of polysaccharides from a Chinese herbal medicine Banxia-houpu decoctionPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004Yusong Guo Abstract Banxia-houpu decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of depression. The present study con,rmed that oral administration of polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction, exhibited a reduction in the immobility time in the tail suspension and in the forced swimming tests in mice in a time-dependent manner. This effect at a dose of 320 mg/kg was more potent than that at a dose of 640 mg/kg. The polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction were active in animal models of depression with comparable effects to known antidepressants. The oral administration of the polysaccharides at a low dose for 4 weeks resulted in a signi,cant increase in the monoamine neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels in whole mouse brain, but produced no signi,cant increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. The effect of polysaccharides on the brain neurotransmitter levels appeared to be quite different from the effect of ,uoxetine, a serotonin speci,c reuptake inhibitor. The results indicate that the mode of action of polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction in depression might be related to both 5-HT and DA systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Drug induced proteome changes in Candida albicans: Comparison of the effect of ,(1,3) glucan synthase inhibitors and two triazoles, fluconazole and itraconazolePROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 3 2003Jean-Michel Bruneau Abstract The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen. Candidiasis is usually treated with azole antifungal agents. However clinical treatments may fail due to the appearance of resistance to this class of antifungal agents in Candida. Echinocandin derivatives are an alternative for the treatment of these fungal infections and are active against azole resistant isolates of C. albicans. Azoles inhibit the lanosterol 14 , demethylase which is a key enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol. In contrast, the echinocandin class of antibiotics inhibit noncompetitively ,-(1,3)- D -glucan synthesis in vitro. We have investigated the impact of mulundocandin on the proteome of C. albicans and compared it to those of a mulundocandin derivative, as well as to two azoles of different structure, fluconazole and itraconazole. The changes in gene expression underlying the antifungal responses were analyzed by comparative 2-D PAGE. Dose dependant responses were kinetically studied on C. albicans grown at 25°C (yeast form) in synthetic dextrose medium. This study shows that antifungals with a common mechanism of action lead to comparable effects at the proteome level and that a proteomics approach can be used to distinguish different antifungals, with the promise to become a useful tool to study drugs of unknown mechanism of action. [source] Sperm motility in the steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): influence of the composition of the incubation and activation mediaAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Joshua Woolsey Abstract This study examined the pH sensitivity of steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), sperm motility relative to the composition of incubation and activation media. The percentage of sperm that initiated motility following incubation in a sperm immobilizing solution (SI) titrated to different pH values and subsequent activation by dilution in buffered swimming medium (SM) at pH 8.5 or 50% ovarian fluid (OF) showed little or no pH sensitivity; sperm diluted in de-ionized water (DI) showed no motility after incubation at any pH. In contrast, motility of sperm diluted in tap water (TAP) was highly sensitive to the pH of the incubation medium. Sperm incubated with buffered seminal plasma at high, but not low pH demonstrated high percent motility when diluted with DI. Sperm incubated in low-pH SI demonstrated high motility only when diluted into high-pH SM. The effects of the composition of incubation and activation media on sperm motility were generally reflected in comparable effects on fertility. Therefore, these data indicate that the pH sensitivity of sperm motility and fertility depends on the composition of commonly used incubation as well as activation media. [source] | |||||||||||||