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Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Nephroblastoma is a success of paediatric oncologic therapy.

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2010
How further can we go?: Results of a cyto-histologic correlation study
Abstract Nephroblastoma is a success of paediatric oncologic therapy, yet, there are still some cases where favourable response to preoperative chemotherapy is not achieved. Fine needle biopsy has the role of diagnostic confirmation and, idyllically of predicting a response to preoperative chemotherapy. To advance in this aim, we retrieved a total of 14 nephroblastomas, (seven male patients and seven female with a mean age of 44.4 months), diagnosed in our department by fine needle biopsy and submitted afterward to chemotherapy and nephrectomy, in the last 10 years. Correlation between cytologic features, (morphology, cell death, and proliferation (Ki-67 labelling index), and post chemotherapy tumour evaluation was done. Cytologic pattern per se was not predictive of histologic tumour classification (P = 0.6061). We did not find any correlation between the percentage of necrosis and apoptosis (P = 0.682) in cytologic smears and histologic regressive changes but when both these two criteria coexisted in cytologic blastemal component of nephroblastomas, this fact seemed to lead to a favourable response of the tumour to chemotherapy. When evaluation of Ki-67 labelling index was done in the blastematous component present in the smears, divergent results were obtained. The small number of cases prevented any firm conclusions. By summing up, our results support the idea that there are probably two types of blastema in nephroblastoma with different "suicide" potential and chemotherapeutic response. Further studies should be performed to stratify the influence of necrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation in chemosensivity of nephroblastomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

A female-specific pentraxin, CrOctin, bridges pattern recognition receptors to bacterial phosphoethanolamine

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 12 2007
Yue Li
Abstract Pathogen recognition and binding are crucial functions of innate immunity. It has been observed that the short pentraxin superfamily including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid,P component are pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in the plasma. We isolated and characterized a novel and distinctive pentraxin from the plasma of horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, henceforth named CrOctin, which binds to bacteria via phosphoethanolamine (PE), a chemical component present on lipid,A and core polysaccharide moieties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Infection enhances the formation of the PRR interactome constituting CrOctin, CRP and galactose-binding protein. In particular, infection increases the affinity of CRP to CrOctin by 1000-fold. Furthermore, we observed that by binding to PE, CrOctin acts as a linker that bridges the PRR interactome to the inner core of LPS. On the other hand, under normal physiological conditions, binding of CrOctin to PE appears to obscure other PRR from interacting directly with PE. Interestingly, the cluster of "CrOctin-interactive PRR" is sex specific. We report, for the first time, the change in PRR protein profiles with a distinctive gender difference during Pseudomonas infection. [source]

Application of HPLC-NMR for the Rapid Chemical Profiling of a Southern Australian Sponge, Dactylospongia sp.

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 4 2009
Daniel Anthony Dias
Abstract Rapid chemical profiling of the antitumour active crude dichloromethane extract of the marine sponge, Dactylospongia sp. was undertaken. A combination of both offline (HPLC followed by NMR and MS) and on-line (on-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR) chemical profiling approaches was adopted to establish the exact nature of the major constituents present in the dichloromethane extract of this sponge. On-flow HPLC-NMR analysis was employed to initially identify components present in the dichloromethane extract, while stop-flow HPLC-NMR experiments were then conducted on the major component present, resulting in the partial identification of pentaprenylated p -quinol (5). Subsequent off-line RP semi-preparative HPLC isolation of 5 followed by detailed spectroscopic analysis using NMR and MS permitted the complete structure to be established. This included the first complete carbon NMR chemical shift assignment of 5 based on the heteronuclear 2-D NMR experiments, together with the first report of its antitumour activity. This study represents one of the few reports describing the application of HPLC-NMR to chemically profile secondary metabolites from a marine organism. [source]

Effect of intermediate-purity factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate on lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis: transforming growth factor-, is a significant immunomodulatory component of FVIII

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
G. Hodge
Factor concentrates have been shown to have a variety of immunomodulatory effects in vitro. The presence of plasma-derived factor VIII (pdFVIII) has been shown to diminish lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens. Recently, we have shown the presence of transforming growth factor-, (TGF-,) as an immunomodulatory component present in plasma-derived FVIII concentrate. However, the addition of neutralizing antibody to TGF-, did not abrogate the inhibitory effect of pdFVIII on monocyte cytokine production, suggesting the presence of other, as yet undetermined, immunomodulatory agent/s in pdFVIII. To further characterize the immunomodulatory effects of pdFVIII, the in vitro effect of pdFVIII concentrate on proliferation and apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated T cells was studied using whole blood and purified T cells. The presence of pdFVIII increased the apoptosis of phytohaemagglutinn (PHA) -stimulated CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets as determined by Annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation. T-cell subsets showed a pdFVIII dose-dependent inhibition of entry into S-phase and G1 arrest. Addition of neutralizing anti-TGF-, reduced some of these changes. To determine the physiological relevance of these findings, blood samples from five patients receiving FVIII prophylaxis were similarly studied ex vivo and showed significantly increased apoptosis of T-cell subsets as determined by Annexin V staining. TGF-, has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of T-cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G1 phase and causing apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that TGF-, is a significant immunomodulatory component of pdFVIII concentrates. [source]