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Communication Strategies (communication + strategy)
Selected AbstractsThe Voice of Authority: 10 Communication Strategies Every Leader Needs to Know by Dianna BooherPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Article first published online: 3 SEP 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Impact of Communication Strategy on Launching New Products: The Moderating Role of Product InnovativenessTHE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2003Yikuan Lee Academic literature is filled with debate on whether product innovativeness positively impacts new product performance (NPP) because of increasing competitive advantage or negatively impacts performance due to consumers' fears of novel technology and resultant resistance to adopt. This study investigates this issue by modeling product innovativeness as a moderator that influences the relationship between communication strategy and new product performance. The authors emphasize that the impact of innovativeness to producers is different from that to consumers and that the differences have strategic impact when commercializing highly innovative products. Product innovativeness is conceptualized as multidimensional, and each dimension is tested separately. Four dimensions of innovativeness are explored,product newness to the firm, market newness to the firm, product superiority to the customer, and adoption difficulty for the customer. In this study, communication strategy is comprised of preannouncement strategy and advertising strategy. First, the relationship between whether or not a preannouncement is offered and NPP is explored. Then three types of preannouncement messages (customer education, anticipation creation, and market preemption) are investigated. Advertising strategy is characterized by whether the advertisement campaign at the time of launch was based primarily on emotional or functional appeals. Using empirical results from 284 surveys of product managers, the authors find that the relationship between communication strategy and NPP is moderated by innovativeness, and that the relationships differ not only by degree but also by type of innovativeness. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [source] Communication strategies for leading teamsLEADER TO LEADER, Issue 31 2003Ichak Adizes To capture the best thinking of your team, understand the differences among your people. [source] Experience architecture: A framework for designing personalized customer interactionsDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2001David Rose Know your customers; design accordingly. Thus David Rose advocates the personalization of digital relationships. He stresses the value of integrating electronic communications with other consumer contacts. He reviews different techniques for enhancing loyalty and commitment. He recommends distilling "patterns" and precisely measuring the return from investments in different types of consumers and communication strategies. [source] The medical visit context of treatment decision-making and the therapeutic relationshipHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 1 2000Debra Roter Dr (Phil) The ascendance of the autonomy paradigm in treatment decision-making has evolved over the past several decades to the point where few bioethicists would question that it is the guiding value driving health-care provider behaviour. In achieving quasi-legal status, decision-making has come to be regarded as a formality largely removed from the broader context of medical communication and the therapeutic relationship within which care is delivered. Moreover, disregard for individual patient preference, resistance, reluctance, or incompetence has at times produced pro forma and useless autonomy rituals. Failures of this kind, have been largely attributed to the psychological dynamics of the patients, physicians, illnesses, and contexts that characterize the medical decision. There has been little attempt to provide a framework for accommodating or understanding the larger social context and social influences that contribute to this variation. Applying Paulo Freire's participatory social orientation model to the context of the medical visit suggests a framework for viewing the impact of physicians' communication behaviours on patients' capacity for treatment decision-making. Physicians' use of communication strategies can act to reinforce an experience of patient dependence or self-reliance in regard to the patient-physician relationship generally and treatment decision-making, in particular. Certain communications enhance patient participation in the medical visit's dialogue, contribute to patient engagement in problem posing and problem-solving, and finally, facilitate patient confidence and competence to undertake autonomous action. The purpose of this essay is to place treatment decision-making within the broader context of the therapeutic relationship, and to describe ways in which routine medical visit communication can accommodate individual patient preferences and help develop and further patient capacity for autonomous decision-making. [source] Making healthy eating messages more effective: combining integrated marketing communication with the behaviour ecological modelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 4 2006Emma Dresler-Hawke Abstract Encouraging healthy living involves a complex set of factors that interact with each other. Effective social communication strategies and conceptual models are needed in order to plan and maintain a desired level of societal change. More understanding is needed as to how different levels of society are affected by social communication messages. This paper examines how a social marketing strategy should be targeted in order to maximize societal change. In this paper the Multi-levelled/Multimedia Model of Social Change is presented. This amalgamates integrated marketing communication principles and the Behavioural Ecological Model. It provides a basis for understanding how consistent messages and methods of communication affect long-term behavioural or attitudinal change at the individual and societal levels. [source] The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 8 2009Meg Zomorodi Abstract Title.,The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'. Aim., This paper is an exploration of the concepts of advocacy and paternalism in nursing and discusses the thin line between the two. Background., Nurses are involved in care more than any other healthcare professionals and they play a central role in advocating for patients and families. It is difficult to obtain a clear definition of advocacy, yet the concepts of advocacy and paternalism must be compared, contrasted, and discussed extensively. In many situations, only a thin line distinguishes advocacy from paternalism. Data sources., A literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases (2000,2008) as well as a library catalogue for texts. Discussion., Four case stories were described in order to discuss the ,thin line' between advocacy and paternalism and develop communication strategies to eliminate ambiguity. Weighing the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy helps to clarify advocacy and paternalism and provides an avenue for discussion among nurses practicing in a variety of settings. Implications for nursing., Advocacy and paternalism should be discussed at interdisciplinary rounds, and taken into consideration when making patient care decisions. It is difficult to clarify advocacy vs. paternalism, but strategies such as knowing the patient, clarifying information, and educating all involved are initial steps in distinguishing advocacy from paternalism. Conclusion., Truly ,knowing' patients, their life experiences, values, beliefs and wishes can help clarify the ,thin line' and gain a grasp of these difficult to distinguish theoretical concepts. [source] Oral hygiene care for residents with dementia: a literature reviewJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 4 2005Jane Chalmers MS PhD Aim., This paper presents a literature review of oral hygiene care for adults with dementia in residential aged care facilities, including evidence for: (1) prevalence, incidence, experiences and increments of oral diseases; (2) use of assessment tools to evaluate residents' oral health; (3) preventive oral hygiene care strategies; and (4) provision of dental treatment. Background., The impact of dementia on residential care is ever-increasing and regular oral hygiene care provision is challenging for cognitively impaired residents. Although an abundance of oral hygiene care recommendations for older people have been published, the supporting evidence has not been clearly delineated. Methods., A review was conducted of English language publications (1980,2002), using a two-step approach (keyword electronic database search, supplemented with secondary search of cited references). All 306 selected articles were critically reviewed and systematically categorized. Results., Evidence confirmed clinicians' observations of poor oral health in older residents with dementia. Possible risk factors identified were: salivary dysfunction, polypharmacy, medical conditions, swallowing and dietary problems, functional dependence, oral hygiene care assistance and poor use of dental care. One comprehensive, reliable and validated oral assessment screening tool for residents with dementia had been published. Expert opinion indicated that oral assessment screening by staff and a dentist would be ideal at admission and regularly thereafter. Clinicians and researchers suggested that oral hygiene care strategies were effective in preventing oral diseases and appropriate for residents with dementia. Conclusion., These literature review findings supported the use of oral assessment screening tools by staff and efficacious preventive oral hygiene care strategies/products for adults with dementia in residential care facilities. Further research with this population is needed to develop and validate oral assessment tools and staff education programmes, trial preventive oral hygiene care strategies/products and trial dementia-focused behaviour management and communication strategies. [source] Shared decision making observed in clinical practice: visual displays of communication sequence and patternsJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2001Glyn Elwyn BA MSc FRCGP Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the communication strategies of general practitioners attempting to involve patients in treatment or management decisions. This empirical data was then compared with theoretical ,competences' derived for ,shared decision making'. The subjects were four general practitioners, who taped conducted consultations with the specific intent of involving patients in the decision-making process. The consultations were transcribed, coded into skill categorizations and presented as visual display using a specifically devised sequential banding method. The empirical data from these purposively selected consultation from clinicians who are experienced in shared decision making did not match suggested theoretical frameworks. The views of patients about treatment possibilities and their preferred role in decision making were not explored. The interactions were initiated by a problem-defining phase, statements of ,equipoise' consistently appeared and the portrayal of option information was often intermingled with opportunities to allow patients to question and reflect. A decision-making stage occurred consistently after approximately 80% of the total consultation duration and arrangements were consistently made for follow-up and review. Eight of the 10 consultations took more than 11 min , these specific consultations were characterized by significant proportions of time provided for information exchange and patient interaction. The results demonstrate that some theoretical competences are not distinguishable in practice and other stages, not previously described, such as the ,portrayal of equipoise', are observed. The suggested ideal of a shared decision-making interaction will either require more time than currently allocated, or alternative strategies to enable information exchange outside the consultation. [source] International political marketing: a case study of United States soft power and public diplomacyJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2008Henry H. Sun Political marketing can be categorized with three aspects: the election campaign as the origin of political marketing, the permanent campaign as a governing tool and international political marketing (IPM) which covers the areas of public diplomacy, marketing of nations, international political communication, national image, soft power and the cross-cultural studies of political marketing. IPM and the application of soft power have been practiced by nation-states throughout the modern history of international relations starting with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Nation-states promote the image of their country worldwide through public diplomacy, exchange mutual interests in their bilateral or multilateral relation with other countries, lobby for their national interests in international organizations and apply cultural and political communication strategies internationally to build up their soft power. In modern international relations, nation-states achieve their foreign policy goals by applying both hard power and soft power. Public diplomacy as part of IPM is a method in the creation of soft power, as well as, in the application of soft power. This paper starts with the definitional and conceptual review of political marketing. For the first time in publication, it establishes a theoretical model which provides a framework of the three aspects of political marketing, that is electoral political marketing (EPM), governmental political marketing (GPM) and IPM. This model covers all the main political exchanges among six inter-related components in the three pairs of political exchange process, that is candidates and party versus voters and interest groups in EPM ; governments, leaders and public servants versus citizens and interest groups in GPM, including political public relations and lobbying which have been categorized as the third aspect of political marketing in some related studies; and governments, interest group and activists versus international organizations and foreign subjects in IPM. This study further develops a model of IPM, which covers its strategy and marketing mix on the secondary level of the general political marketing model, and then, the third level model of international political choice behaviour based the theory of political choice behaviour in EPM. This paper continues to review the concepts of soft power and public diplomacy and defines their relation with IPM. It then reports a case study on the soft power and public diplomacy of the United States from the perspectives of applying IPM and soft power. Under the framework of IPM, it looks at the traditional principles of US foreign policy, that is Hamiltonians, Wilsonians, Jeffersonians and Jacksonians, and the application of US soft power in the Iraq War since 2003. The paper advances the argument that generally all nation states apply IPM to increase their soft power. The decline of US soft power is caused mainly by its foreign policy. The unilateralism Jacksonians and realism Hamiltonians have a historical trend to emphasize hard power while neglecting soft power. Numerous reports and studies have been conducted on the pros and cons of US foreign policy in the Iraq War, which are not the focus of this paper. From the aspect of IPM, this paper studies the case of US soft power and public diplomacy, and their effects in the Iraq War. It attempts to exam the application of US public diplomacy with the key concept of political exchange, political choice behaviour, the long-term approach and the non-government operation principles of public diplomacy which is a part of IPM. The case study confirms the relations among IPM, soft power and public diplomacy and finds that lessons can be learned from these practices of IPM. The paper concludes that there is a great demand for research both at a theoretical as well as practical level for IPM and soft power. It calls for further study on this subject. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Statewide Movement to Promote the Adoption of Tobacco-Free School Policies*JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 12 2008Shelley K. Summerlin-Long MPH ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:, Since most tobacco users become addicted to nicotine as teenagers, prevention efforts for youth remain central to comprehensive prevention programs. National and state efforts that encourage adoption and enforcement of comprehensive tobacco-free school (TFS) policies can lead to significant reductions of youth tobacco use. In 2003, North Carolina (NC) Health and Wellness Trust Fund grantees began to focus statewide on the adoption of and compliance with TFS policies in NC schools. This study examined 46 NC districts that passed TFS policies between 2003 and early August of 2005 to see what factors were important in policy passage in order to support the continued promotion of TFS policy adoption across the state. METHODS:, Detailed interviews were conducted with 118 key informants who were intimately involved with passage of their school districts' TFS policies, and results were coded and analyzed for common themes. RESULTS:, The study found several strategies key to adoption of TFS policies: effective leadership from organizations and individuals in positions of influence, grassroots organizing from community coalitions and youth groups, and communication strategies that optimally position policy adoption and compliance. CONCLUSION:, States that have not yet achieved TFS policy adoption can focus on leadership development, grassroots organizing, and improved communication to advance their advocacy efforts. [source] Routine and adaptive expert strategies for resolving ICT mediated communication problems in the team settingMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 7 2009Lara Varpio Context, The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for supporting interprofessional communication is becoming increasingly common in health care. However, little research has explored how ICTs affect interprofessional communication, or how novices are trained to be effective interprofessional ICT users. This study explores the interprofessional communication strategies of nurses and doctors (trainees and experts) when their communications were mediated by a specific ICT: an electronic patient record (EPR). Methods, A total of 72 doctors and nurses participated in this 8-month study on a paediatric in-patient ward. Eighty hours of non-participant observations and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. All data were rendered anonymous prior to analysis. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, one researcher read and analysed all data recursively. As emergent themes were identified, exemplary portions of the data were discussed with three additional researchers to resolve discrepancies and confirm the coding structure. Expertise literatures informed the final analyses. Results, Three interprofessional communication strategies were identified: (i) all participants routinely formulated ,workarounds' to circumvent problematic EPR-mediated communications; (ii) workarounds were classifiable as instances of Abandoning, Forcing or Submitting to the EPR, and (iii) novices learned workaround strategies through an informal curriculum, but they did not learn to manage the interprofessional effects of these workarounds. Conclusions, Trainees relied on workarounds as simplified routines, demonstrating routine expertise. Staff members, demonstrating adaptive expertise, used workarounds as part of a broader network of people and communication tools. Explicit training regarding this network and the ways in which workarounds conceal this network may help trainees develop adaptive expertise. [source] Teaching sexual history taking to health care professionals in primary careMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 6 2001John R Skelton Objectives Although it is accepted that history taking is central to correct diagnosis, little work has been undertaken on the development of sexual history taking, particularly in a primary care context where sexual health may not occur to the patient. Embarrassment is recognized as one major problem. This paper reports on a series of teaching interventions designed to help primary health care professionals (doctors and nurses) to identify and deal effectively with sexual health issues in the consultation. Methods 141 participants took part in nine different courses, with 114 returning evaluations. All courses involved tutorial teaching on clinical and ethicolegal issues and role play with trained professional role-players; some involved video-based dramatizations to particularize principles in context. During role play sessions, which were followed by detailed, contextualized feedback, clinical issues, attitudinal issues (e.g. articulating a sense of personal embarrassment, and the risk of stereotyping), and ethicolegal issues were all discussed, as were examples of words and phrases which participants were invited to try out. Outcomes The overall quality of the courses was rated by participants, on average, at 89·95 (maximum 100), and the relevance of the topic at 91·40. Free text comments centred on the power of the training as a consciousness raiser, on the need to alter communication strategies, the need to change existing clinical practice and the value of role play as a methodology. Interactive courses on sexual health are highly acceptable to participants. [source] Technology museums: New publics, new partnersMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2000Günter Knerr Museums in general, and science and technology museums in particular, must borrow and adapt the notions of customer service and the methods of project management, market analysis and fund-raising that have proved their effectiveness in business and industry, in the view of Günter Knerr, director of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. He is well-versed in new communication strategies, in particular, multimedia operations, and is head of the Department of Craft and Industry as well as the museum's Chemistry Project. [source] Nonprofit organizations' use of the internet: A content analysis of communication trends on the internet sites of the philanthropy 400NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 1 2007Richard D. Waters To evaluate the current status of communication and fundraising strategies on the Internet, a stratified random sample of the Chronicle of Philanthropy's Philanthropy 400 was content-analyzed in mid-January 2005. Web sites were coded on variables identified in practitioner and scholarly literature on issues of accountability, fundraising practices, and interactive communication strategies. Chi-square analysis found that the top nonprofit organizations included copies of their annual reports, organizational goals, and mission statements, while second-tier organizations were more likely to use a sales approach by using e-commerce technology and terminology to process online donations. [source] Impact of regulatory labeling for troglitazone and rosiglitazone on hepatic enzyme monitoring compliance: findings from the state of Ohio medicaid program,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 1 2005Robert J. Cluxton Jr PharmD Abstract Purpose Troglitazone, the first drug of the thiazolidinediones class for type II diabetes, was first marketed in March 1997 and was removed from the U.S. market 36 months later after 90 cases of liver failure were reported despite multiple warnings containing liver enzyme monitoring recommendations. Rosiglitazone has been available since June 1999 and is still on the market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of labeled hepatic enzyme monitoring for troglitazone and rosiglitazone. Methods Drug cohorts were assembled, using population-based fee-for-service Medicaid claims, for patients between 18 and 65 years of age who had received at least one troglitazone (n,=,7226) or rosiglitazone (n,=,1480) prescription between 1 April, 1997, and 21 March, 2000. The outcome of interest was the percentage of patients, based on their first treatment episode, who had baseline and post-baseline liver enzyme testing. Results Overall baseline testing was under 9% before regulatory actions, increased to 14% after the first two ,Dear Doctor' letters issued by the FDA in October and December 1997, and peaked to about 26% afterwards. Coincident with the marketing of rosiglitazone and the fourth ,Dear Doctor' letter issued in June 1999, baseline testing dropped to 18%. Baseline testing increased 2.5-fold (race-sex-age adjusted) after regulatory action. Achieving 50% post-baseline testing took approximately 6 months for both drugs. Conclusion Regulatory actions had only modest effects on the incidence of liver monitoring. More effective and timely communication strategies, health provider prescribing interventions and modification of health provider behaviors to enhance compliance with recommended risk management measures need to be identified, evaluated and implemented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of knowledge types on consumer-perceived risk and adoption of genetically modified foodsPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 2 2007Deon Klerck Scientists have asserted that genetically modified (GM) food offers financial, environmental, health, and quality benefits to society, but the realization of such benefits depends on consumer acceptance of this new technology. Consumer concerns about GM food raise questions about what consumers know about GM food and to what extent this knowledge translates into their evaluations of GM products. The present research empirically examines the effect of both objective and subjective knowledge on perceived risk and, in turn, key consumer behaviors associated with GM food. The results reveal that objective knowledge about GM food significantly reduces performance and psychological risks, whereas subjective knowledge influences only physical risk, and the valence of that impact depends on the level of the consumer's objective knowledge. Furthermore, different risk types enhance consumers' information search and reduce their propensity to buy GM food. The overall findings thus suggest the need for cooperation among government, scientific institutions, and the food industry to foster effective communication strategies that increase consumers' objective knowledge, reduce their risk perceptions, and encourage consumer adoptions of GM technology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Commercializing new technologies: consumers' response to a new interfaceTHE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2002Paschalina (Lilia) Ziamou Successful commercialization of new technologies is the riskiest and most rewarding form of new product development activity. New technologies are often commercialized using innovative interfaces that determine how consumers interact with a new product to obtain its functionality. Consumers' perception of uncertainty about the performance of a novel interface is a key issue in the acceptance of new products involving new interfaces. Specifically, when firms commercialize a new interface, they face two major challenges: First to identify the optimal functionality for the new interface, and second, to effectively communicate with consumers in order to reduce uncertainty about the performance of the new interface and increase adoption intentions. Despite the theoretical and managerial importance of research on consumers' response to a novel interface, very little empirical research has been conducted in this area. Building on prior research on new product development, human-computer interaction, and consumer decision-making, this article examines the factors that influence consumers' judgments of uncertainty about the performance of a new interface and consumers' adoption intentions. Specifically, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of the newness of the functionality of a new product and the effect of imagery on consumers' uncertainty about the performance of a novel interface and consumers' adoption intentions. Our results show that consumers perceive lower uncertainty about the performance of a new interface and higher intentions to adopt a new product when the new interface is introduced with a new (vs. pre-existing) functionality. Furthermore, our results suggest that when a new interface is introduced with a new functionality, imagining the product in use increases consumers' uncertainty about the performance of the new interface and decreases their intention to adopt the new product. In contrast, when a new interface is introduced with a pre-existing functionality, imagining the product in use decreases consumers' uncertainty about the performance of the new interface and increases their intention to adopt the new product. Our findings provide valuable guidelines for marketers in formulating new product development and communication strategies for new products involving a new interface. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. [source] From hypothetical scenario to tragic reality: A salutary lesson in risk communication and the Victorian 2009 bushfiresAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 1 2010Robin Burns Abstract Objective: To investigate the ways that the risk of a bushfire emergency and communication strategies are perceived by different community segments. Methods: A brief questionnaire preceded focus group discussion of a bushfire scenario with four communications from different sources. Groups were recruited to represent different community segments within a bushfire-prone peri-urban Shire in Victoria. Results: Four groups (28 participants) were recruited. Bushfire experience was highest in the over 40-year-olds, who would use a variety of information sources, preferred to receive information from trusted local sources, such as emergency services and the council, and were more likely to be a member of a local organisation than the under 40s. Younger people used television, local papers, and friends, family and neighbours as information sources. Young parents felt disempowered through lack of local knowledge, and trusted government departments less than older residents. All wanted clear, current, specific local information about ground conditions and actions to be taken during a fire outbreak. Conclusions/implications: Knowledge of and preparedness for bushfire is unequally spread throughout a bushfire community. There is a need in public health risk and emergency situations to focus on community development, information and consultation. [source] Interest of industrial actors in biorefinery concepts in EuropeBIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 3 2009Klaus Menrad Abstract To satisfy the rising demand for agricultural and forestry products it is becoming more and more important to use biomass as efficiently as possible. One way of achieving that goal is to implement biorefinery systems in which biomass can be utilized entirely by conversion through multiple processes into a number of valuable products. To pursue the implementation of biorefinery systems, it is important to know to what extent the industry is interested in such concepts. This perspective deals with the results of a cross-European survey investigating the interests of potential industrial actors in biorefinery concepts. A high resonance was identified amongst companies belonging to the biofuels industry; companies active in this sector, therefore, could possibly provide access to further integrated concepts. On the whole, the results reflect a very positive attitude toward biorefinery concepts. But there are also problems with respect to the political and legal framework; policy and legislation may be required to establish stable framework conditions and provide planning security for investment decisions. Oilseed and lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily utilized within the surveyed companies; fuel, heat and power are the primary products produced from biomass. Additionally, the survey showed that biorefinery concepts are highly influenced by aspects concerning regional value chains. On the upstream side ,feedstock issues' appear to be especially important for biorefineries. In general, sustainability aspects are considered to be a benefit of biorefinery concepts. This suggests opportunities for the design of marketing and communication strategies based on ecological aspects of biorefinery implementation. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Corporate social responsibility communication: stakeholder information, response and involvement strategiesBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Mette Morsing While it is generally agreed that companies need to manage their relationships with their stakeholders, the way in which they choose to do so varies considerably. In this paper, it is argued that when companies want to communicate with stakeholders about their CSR initiatives, they need to involve those stakeholders in a two-way communication process, defined as an ongoing iterative sense-giving and sense-making process. The paper also argues that companies need to communicate through carefully crafted and increasingly sophisticated processes. Three CSR communication strategies are developed. Based on empirical illustrations and prior research, the authors argue that managers need to move from ,informing' and ,responding' to ,involving' stakeholders in CSR communication itself. They conclude that managers need to expand the role of stakeholders in corporate CSR communication processes if they want to improve their efforts to build legitimacy, a positive reputation and lasting stakeholder relationships. [source] Pandemic influenza communication: views from a deliberative forumHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 3 2009Wendy A. Rogers BA (Hons) BM.BS PhD MRCGP FRACGP Abstract Objective, To use a deliberative forum to elicit community perspectives on communication about pandemic influenza planning, and to compare these findings with the current Australian national communication strategy. Design, Deliberative forum of 12 persons randomly selected from urban South Australia. Forum members were briefed by experts in infection control, virology, ethics and public policy before deliberating on four key questions: what, how and when should the community be told about pandemic influenza and by whom? Results, The forum recommended provision of detailed and comprehensive information by credible experts, rather than politicians, using a variety of media including television and internet. Recommendations included cumulative communication to build expertise in the community, and specific strategies to include groups such as young people, people with physical or mental disabilities, and rural and remote communities. Information provided should be practical, accurate, and timely, with no ,holding back' about the seriousness of a pandemic. The forum expressed confidence in the expert witnesses, despite the acknowledged uncertainty of many of the predictions. Discussion and Conclusion, The deliberative forum's recommendations were largely consistent with the Australian national pandemic influenza communication strategy and the relevant literature. However, the forum recommended: release of more detailed information than currently proposed in the national strategy; use of non-political spokespersons; and use of novel communication methods. Their acceptance of uncertainty suggests that policy makers should be open about the limits of knowledge in potentially threatening situations. Our findings show that deliberative forums can provide community perspectives on topics such as communication about pandemic influenza. [source] Gradualism, Transparency and the Improved Operational Framework: A Look at Overnight Volatility Transmission,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2009Silvio Colarossi This paper proposes a possible way of assessing the effect on interest rate dynamics of changes in the decision-making method, in the communication strategy and in the operational framework of a central bank. Through a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) specification, we show that the United States and the euro area displayed a limited but significant spillover of volatility from money market to longer-term rates. We then checked the stability of this phenomenon in the most recent period of improved policy-making and found empirical evidence to show that the transmission of overnight volatility along the yield curve had entirely disappeared. [source] The Role of Output Stabilization in the Conduct of Monetary PolicyINTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2002Frederic S. Mishkin This paper examines the role of output stabilization in the conduct of monetary policy. It argues that activist monetary policy , in which the monetary authorities focus on output fluctuations in the setting of their policy instrument and in policy statements , is likely to produce worse outcomes for output and inflation fluctuations, because it will lead to suboptimal monetary policy, but also because it complicates monetary authorities' communication strategy and can weaken the credibility of the central bank. In contrast, conducting monetary policy with a flexible inflation target rule is likely to produce better outcomes. A flexible inflation target rule also allows the monetary authorities to communicate effectively to the public that they do care about output fluctuations, but makes it less likely that they will be encouraged to try to exploit the short,run trade,off between output and inflation. [source] Fault detection of networked control systems with packet based periodic communicationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 8 2009Yongqiang Wang Abstract Fault detection of networked control systems (NCS) with communication constraints is discussed in this paper. A so-called packet-based periodic communication strategy is proposed and two kinds of optimal observer-based residual generators are designed. One residual generator is designed based on the lifted model of NCS, which generates residual signals every communication period. The other works at a faster rate, i.e. it generates residual signals every sampling period and is more suitable for prompt fault detection. Comparison with traditional periodic-communication-sequence-based scheduling strategy reveals superiority of this new communication strategy. Simulation results are also provided to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Consumer attitudes towards self-referral with early signs of cancer: implications for symptom awareness campaignsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 4 2007Douglas Eadie Traditionally, secondary prevention programmes have employed mass screening approaches to assess for asymptomatic signs of cancer. It has been suggested that early detection strategies, involving public education and self-referral may prove more cost-effective, with low-risk populations for cancers with symptomatic presentation. The success of public education approaches is dependent on careful consideration of the psycho-social factors of self-examination and referral. This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study, using qualitative methods with an at-risk population of older people living in deprived communities in west-central Scotland. The study examines consumer perceptions of the early detection of cancer and the cultural barriers to self-referral, as well as response to aspects of communication strategy. The implications for design of symptom awareness campaigns, including use of message appeals, specification of target symptoms, identification of target audience and selection of communication channels, are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Marketing of cultural institutions in French-speaking SwitzerlandINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 3 2007François H. Courvoisier Marketing in cultural institutions is a field that has rarely been studied in French-speaking Switzerland so far. Therefore this paper explores the way in which visitors-clients appreciate qualitatively their contacts with cultural institutions concerned with the visual arts in comparison with the communication strategy of the curators and directors of museums. A survey has been conducted amongst 20 museums and over 200 visitors of French-speaking Switzerland to evaluate the way visitors perceive the marketing of cultural institutions and behave accordingly or not. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve the knowledge of the visitors' background and expectations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sequential and iterative architectures for distributed model predictive control of nonlinear process systemsAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 8 2010Jinfeng Liu Abstract In this work, we focus on distributed model predictive control of large scale nonlinear process systems in which several distinct sets of manipulated inputs are used to regulate the process. For each set of manipulated inputs, a different model predictive controller is used to compute the control actions, which is able to communicate with the rest of the controllers in making its decisions. Under the assumption that feedback of the state of the process is available to all the distributed controllers at each sampling time and a model of the plant is available, we propose two different distributed model predictive control architectures. In the first architecture, the distributed controllers use a one-directional communication strategy, are evaluated in sequence and each controller is evaluated only once at each sampling time; in the second architecture, the distributed controllers utilize a bi-directional communication strategy, are evaluated in parallel and iterate to improve closed-loop performance. In the design of the distributed model predictive controllers, Lyapunov-based model predictive control techniques are used. To ensure the stability of the closed-loop system, each model predictive controller in both architectures incorporates a stability constraint which is based on a suitable Lyapunov-based controller. We prove that the proposed distributed model predictive control architectures enforce practical stability in the closed-loop system and optimal performance. The theoretical results are illustrated through a catalytic alkylation of benzene process example. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source] Promoting eco manufacturing: an Australian caseJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008Roumen Dimitrov This paper analyses the communication campaign of a small industry plant, the Fuji Xerox Eco Manufacturing Center in Sydney, Australia. Disproportionably to its size, it has become a national and world leader in the push for waste free, sustainable manufacturing. The rarity of the case,a resource-poor for-profit organization taking the role of an influential advocate,helps to highlight the centrality of public relations in the promotional mix. I examine ,remanufacturing' not as a one-off technical innovation, but as prolonged internal and external communication campaign. I also stress on the public character of internal communication, where public relations is instrumental from the start. I draft and discuss an alternative model of integrated marketing communications for small businesses and nonprofits. Integration happens here on personnel rather than organizational (interdepartmental) level. The more such organizations turn towards external causes and multiple publics,as in this case of industrial advocacy and public affairs,the more likely public relations transforms from a component into the organizing principle of the communication strategy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Perceived benefits and barriers to joint protection among people with rheumatoid arthritis and occupational therapists.MUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 3 2010A mixed methods study Abstract Background:,Deciding whether or not to perform a health behaviour is an active decision-making process which has an impact on current and future behaviour and can be influenced by the beliefs both of patients and their healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to explore rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' and occupational therapists' (OTs) perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to performing joint protection (JP). Methods:,A mixed methods design was used. Questionnaires applied a theoretical framework of key themes to assess the relevance of JP benefits and barriers both to people with RA and OTs. Focused interviews with people with RA then enabled data triangulation. Investigator triangulation was used to check the validity of data interpretation. Findings:,Ten people with RA and nine OTs participated. From the questionnaires, both groups agreed that highly relevant key themes for JP benefits were physical well-being, potential benefit and personal control. By contrast, the three key themes for JP barriers , negative attitude of others, negative impact on others and taking time from other things , were relevant for the majority of the OTs but not patients. The interviews enabled an understanding of the meaning behind RA patients' ratings, particularly their differences from OTs. People with RA explained JP benefits, and disease acceptance had altered some initial barriers into perceived benefits over time. Conclusions:,Emphasizing benefits and identifying individually relevant barriers could be an important communication strategy for OTs in understanding patients' rationale for whether or not to adopt JP methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||