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Common Threat (common + threat)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Common Threat and Common Response?

GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 3 2007
The European Union's Counter-Terrorism Strategy, its Problems
On the basis of an analysis of the European Union's common definition of the post-9/11 terrorist threat, this article provides a critical assessment of the EU's response. The EU has arrived at a reasonably specific definition of the common threat that avoids simplistic reductions and is a response that is sufficiently multidimensional to address the different aspects , internal and external, legislative and operational, repressive and preventive , of this threat. Yet the definition is undermined by differences between national threat perceptions. The preference for instruments of cooperation and coordination rather than integration, and poor implementation are having a negative impact on the effectiveness of the common response, the legitimacy of which is also weakened by limited parliamentary and judicial control. [source]

Bacitracin sensing in Bacillus subtilis

MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
Eva Rietkötter
Summary The extracellular presence of antibiotics is a common threat in microbial life. Their sensitive detection and subsequent induction of appropriate resistance mechanisms is therefore a prerequisite for survival. The bacitracin stress response network of Bacillus subtilis consists of four signal-transducing systems, the two-component systems (TCS) BceRS, YvcPQ and LiaRS, and the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) , factor ,M. Here, we investigated the mechanism of bacitracin perception and the response hierarchy within this network. The BceRS,BceAB TCS/ABC transporter module is the most sensitive and efficient bacitracin resistance determinant. The ABC transporter BceAB not only acts as a bacitracin detoxification pump, but is also crucial for bacitracin sensing, indicative of a novel mechanism of stimulus perception, conserved in Firmicutes bacteria. The Bce system seems to respond to bacitracin directly (drug sensing), whereas the LiaRS TCS and ,M respond only at higher concentrations and indirectly to bacitracin action (damage sensing). The YvcPQ,YvcRS system is subject to cross-activation via the paralogous Bce system, and is therefore only indirectly induced by bacitracin. The bacitracin stress response network is optimized to respond to antibiotic gradients in a way that maximizes the gain and minimizes the costs of this stress response. [source]

The early promotion and intervention research consortium (E-PIRC): Five approaches to improving infant/toddler mental health in Early Head Start

INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007
Linda S. Beeber
One planned consequence of the national Infant Mental Health Forum held in the United States in 2000 was the funding of five research projects conducted in Early Head Start (EHS) programs. Each project strengthened existing programs by integrating infant/toddler mental health approaches and testing the outcomes on infant/toddler development, behavior, and parent-child interactions. In two of the projects, the effect of offering enrichment for EHS staff was tested. The other three projects tested the effect of services offered directly to parents and children. This article describes the five projects and the theories, methods, and outcome measures used. In order to understand more fully the elevated risk factors in these families and the consequences for mental health in their infants and toddlers, a common set of measures was developed. Data have been used to explore the common threats to mental health and the factors that moderate the impact on infants and toddlers. [source]