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Common Part (common + part)
Selected AbstractsHeart inflow tract of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloiJOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005José M. Icardo Abstract We report a morphologic study of the heart inflow tract of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi. Attention was paid to the atrium, the sinus venosus, the pulmonary vein, and the atrioventricular (AV) plug, and to the relationships between all these structures. The atrium is divided caudally into two lobes, has a common part above the sinus venosus, and appears attached to the dorsal wall of the ventricle and outflow tract through connective tissue covered by the visceral pericardium. The pulmonary vein enters the sinus venosus and runs longitudinally toward the AV plug. Then it fuses with the pulmonalis fold and disappears as an anatomic entity. However, the oxygenated blood is directly conveyed into the left atrium by the formation of a pulmonary channel. This channel is formed cranially by the pulmonalis fold, ventrally by the AV plug, and caudally and dorsally by the atrial wall. The pulmonalis fold appears as a wide membranous fold which arises from the left side of the AV plug and extends dorsally to form the roof of the pulmonary channel. The pulmonalis fold also forms the right side of the pulmonary channel and sequesters the upper left corner of the sinus venosus from the main circulatory return. The AV plug is a large structure, firmly attached to the ventricular septum, which contains a hyaline cartilaginous core surrounded by connective tissue. The atrium is partially divided into two chambers by the presence of numerous pectinate muscles extended between the dorsal wall of the atrium and the roof of the pulmonary channel. Thus, partial atrial division is both internal and external, precluding the more complete division seen in amphibians. The present report, our own unpublished observations on other Protopterus, and a survey of the literature indicate that not only the Protopterus, but also other lungfish share many morphologic traits. J. Morphol. 263:30,38, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] CPW-fed circularly polarized antenna for 3.5 GHz WiMAX bandMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 3 2009The Nan Chang Abstract This article presents a new configuration of the common part of two unusually coupled open loops fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). For each open loop, the common part is in cooperation with one extended ground line of the CPW. The two loops are coupled to yield a wideband circularly polarized antenna for 3.5 GHz WiMAX band. Gain is enhanced through use of an outside ring. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 849,851, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24172 [source] Management of allergic rhinitis: a common part of practice in primary care clinicsALLERGY, Issue 3 2004D.-Y. Wang Background:, Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an extremely common disease worldwide and one of the top-ten reasons for a visit to primary care clinics. This study aimed to investigate the understanding of current guidelines and concepts of management for AR among general practitioners (GPs) in Singapore. Methods:, A postal questionnaire was designed to survey the dispensing practice and understanding of current guidelines in the management of AR among Singapore GPs. Results:, Two hundred GPs completed the questionnaire. AR was estimated to be 10,40% of total patient visits in 50% of the primary care clinics surveyed. There was no significant difference in diagnosis and management of AR among GPs practicing solo, as a group or in polyclinics. The use of allergy tests (skin or in vitro tests) was <50%. Most physicians understood correctly the efficacy, side-effects, and cost effectiveness of first and newer generation H1-antihistamines and nasal glucocorticosteroids. However, first generation H1-antihistamines and oral/nasal decongestants are commonly used to reduce the cost of medication and to achieve quick relief from nasal obstruction. Conclusion:, Management of allergic rhinitis is common in primary care clinics. Quick symptomatic relief with low-cost medications is a major concern for GPs in the management of AR, as it will affect a patient's compliance and perception of efficacy. However, inappropriate use of decongestants and other nonevidence-based therapies should not be recommended. Implementing the current evidence-based international guidelines for AR needs to be improved. [source] On the Status of Restoration Science: Obstacles and OpportunitiesRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Evan Weiher Abstract Terrestrial restoration ecology is not as well developed as aquatic and wetland restoration. There are several key obstacles to progress in restoration ecology, but these obstacles may also be viewed as opportunities to exploit. One obstacle is demonstration science, or an overreliance on simplistic experiments with few treatment factors and few levels of those factors. Complex, multivariate experiments yield greater insights, especially when teamed with sophisticated methods of data analysis. A second key obstacle is myopic scholarship that has led to little synthesis and weak conceptual theory. A greater awareness of and explicit references to ecological principles will help develop the conceptual basis of restoration science. Where should restoration ecology be headed? We should consider forming partnerships with developers, landscape artists, and industry to do complex, large-scale experiments and make restoration a more common part of everyday life. [source] | ||||||||||