Home  About us  Contact
 

Common Misconceptions (common + misconception)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences25%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting25%

Selected Abstracts

Common Misconceptions in Addressing Domestic Violence in Child Custody Disputes

JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003
PETER G. JAFFE
ABSTRACT Domestic violence has been recognized as an important factor to consider in determining the best interests of children in custody and visitation disputes. However, there remain many misconceptions about the extent and impact of domestic violence in child custody proceedings. Several misconceptions are identified and juxtaposed with the reality of emerging knowledge in this field, and implications are outlined. These issues are illustrated by the perspectives of 62 women victims and 95 children exposed to domestic violence who had to navigate the justice system after separation from an abuser. Recommendations are offered for enhancing professional education, resource development, and collaboration among courts and community service providers. [source]

Commercial Insurance vs Community-based Health Plans: Time for a Policy Option With Clinical Emphasis to Address the Cost Spiral

THE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2005
Bruce Amundson MD
ABSTRACT: The nation continues its ceaseless struggle with the spiraling cost of health care. Previous efforts (regulation, competition, voluntary action) have included almost every strategy except clinical. Insurers have largely failed in their cost-containment efforts. There is a strong emerging body of literature that demonstrates the relationship between various clinical strategies and reductions in utilization and costs. This article describes the organization of health services, including integration of delivery and financing systems, at the community level as a model that effectively addresses the critical structural flaws that have frustrated control of costs. Community-based health plans (CHPs) have been developed and have demonstrated viability. The key elements of CHPs are a legal organizational structure, a full provider network, advanced care-management systems, and the ability to assume financial risk. Common misconceptions regarding obstacles to CHP development are the complexity of the undertaking, difficulty assuming the insurance function, and insured pools that are too small to be viable. The characteristics of successful CHPs and 2 case studies are described, including the types of advanced care-management systems that have resulted in strong financial performance. The demonstrated ability of CHPs to establish financial viability with small numbers of enrollees challenges the common assumption that there is a fixed relationship between health plan enrollment size and financial performance. Organizing the health system at the community/regional level provides an attractive alternative model in the health-reformdebate. There is an opportunity for clinical systems and state and federal leaders to support the development of community-based integrated delivery and financing system models that, among other advantages, have significant potential to modulate the pernicious cost spiral. [source]

Fire resistance of structural components protecting escape routes

FIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 2-4 2004
Geoff Thomas
Abstract Generally, fire resistant structures are expected to survive a fire in an adjoining compartment. Some structures, such as floors, may be designed to provide time for the occupants to escape from compartments other than the one where the fire occurs. In the fire compartment smoke development governs the time available for egress. A common misconception is that the fire resistance rating (FRR), the time an assembly will survive in a test furnace, is the time available to escape. In small compartments such as those in residential accommodation their FRR is significantly longer than the times the assemblies would survive in real compartment fires. Some fire engineering designs for retrofitted accommodation buildings use FRR times for light timber frame walls and floors as the available egress time, which is unconservative. The method of time equivalence can provide a prediction of the FRR required to survive a compartment burnout. The ratio of the total burning time of the fire to the time equivalent for the compartment and fuel load can be used to provide an estimate of the time taken for an assembly of given fire resistance to fail by multiplying the FRR by the ratio. Although this method is shown to be non-conservative when a computer model of light timber frame wall assemblies is run using both realistic time-temperature curves and the ISO-834 standard fire test time-temperature curve, it is more conservative than assuming that an assembly will last as long in a compartment fire as predicted by the FRR. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Precaution: principles and practice in Australian environmental and natural resource management,

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2006
Deborah C. Peterson
Since the late 1980s, the concept of precaution has been incorporated into numerous international agreements and laws, as well as in domestic statutes and policies in many countries. This paper examines the international emergence of the concept and its application in Australia. Despite rapid growth in adoption of the so-called ,precautionary principle', the concept remains highly controversial, and its success in terms of improving environmental and natural resource management has been questioned. A common misconception is that the principle prescribes action. In fact, internationally accepted definitions are about decision-making processes. This paper argues that implementation guidelines are essential to ensure that precautionary decision-making is consistent with good decision-making principles, and to avoid unnecessary costs and perverse outcomes. [source]

Some solved problems of the periodic system of chemical elements

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2010
W. H. Eugen Schwarz
Abstract Basic questions on the periodic system (PS) of chemical elements are still under discussion. Several common misconceptions will be resolved. The word "chemical element" comprises more than two concepts. The PS can be rationalized on a quantum chemical basis, namely with the aid of four concepts: (1) electron configurations of bonded atoms, (2) realistic sequences of orbital energies, (3) spatial extension of valence and Rydberg orbitals, and (4) energy gaps above the closed 1s2 and np6 shells (n = 2,6). The PS of known elements cannot be naively extrapolated. The common discussion of the PS in textbooks of general, inorganic, and physical chemistry needs revision. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010 [source]

Darwinism,a new paradigm for organizational behavior?

JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2006
Nigel Nicholson
The Special Issue reflects a growing interest in Darwinian ideas and their increasing application to work and organizational issues, analyzes factors that have impeded its adoption as a paradigm and considers the prospects for future growth. After a brief introduction to key concepts in the new Darwinism, some histories, and controversies are traced. Causes for the particularly slow uptake of the paradigm in Organizational Behavior (OB) are discussed, as well as some of the common misconceptions and incorrect attributions that have been leveled at evolutionary theory. The paper then overviews the scope and contents of the Special Issue (SI) papers, and concludes by considering future prospects for the field. The authors argue that the paradigm has compelling significance and wide applicability to the full range of OB topics and interests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Employment, social inclusion and mental health

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2000
J. Evans bsc econ (hons) rmn dip (psychosocial management of psychosis)
Whereas unemployment is clearly linked to mental health problems, employment can improve quality of life, mental health, social networks and social inclusion. Yet in the UK only 15% of people with serious mental health problems are employed , despite an overwhelming consensus from surveys, case studies and personal accounts that users want to work. This paper aims to challenge common misconceptions surrounding employment, work and mental health problems. Drawing on a range of research evidence and legislative guidance it discusses significant barriers to work and proposes feasible solutions. The need for mental health staff and services to become involved in the provision of work opportunities is considered, as is the vital role they can play in changing communities. The potency of work as a vehicle for improving the social inclusion and community tenure of people with mental health problems is highlighted. [source]

Wishful physics , some common misconceptions about InGaN

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003
K. P. O'Donnell
Abstract All III,N visible light emitting devices contain ultrathin active layers of InGaN. Although this material has been widely studied during the last ten years or so, opinion is still divided as to its nature. Most researchers would agree with the proposition that III,nitride "alloys" are a mess, at least when compared with analogous III,As materials. It may be further argued that the quality of InGaN samples is at present too variable to allow general statements to be made about the material. We repudiate this misconception. The similarities between luminescent InGaN samples from different laboratories outweigh the differences. Any differences that do occur can be confidently accounted for, in terms of a peculiar growth habit of III,nitrides. We also briefly discuss the status of accidental InN quantum dots. [source]