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Common Mental Disorders (common + mental_disorders)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of social networks and social support on common mental disorders following specific life eventsACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010P. K. Maulik Maulik PK, Eaton WW, Bradshaw CP. The effect of social networks and social support on common mental disorders following specific life events. Objective:, This study examined the association between life events and common mental disorders while accounting for social networks and social supports. Method:, Participants included 1920 adults in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Cohort who were interviewed in 1993,1996, of whom 1071 were re-interviewed in 2004,2005. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the data. Results:, Social support from friends, spouse or relatives was associated with significantly reduced odds of panic disorder and psychological distress, after experiencing specific life events. Social networks or social support had no significant stress-buffering effect. Social networks and social support had almost no direct or buffering effect on major depressive disorder, and no effect on generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol abuse or dependence disorder. Conclusion:, The significant association between social support and psychological distress, rather than diagnosable mental disorders, highlights the importance of social support, especially when the severity of a mental health related problem is low. [source] Posttraumatic stress disorder and the structure of common mental disordersDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 4 2002Brian J. Cox Ph.D. Abstract Krueger [1999: Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:921,926] identified a three-factor structure of psychopathology that explained the covariation or grouping of common mental disorders found in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) [Kessler et al., 1994: Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8,19]. These three fundamental groupings included an externalizing disorders factor and two internalizing disorders factors (anxious-misery and fear). We extended this research through the examination of additional data from a large subsample of the NCS (n=5,877) that contained diagnostic information on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Factor analytic findings revealed that PTSD showed no affinity with the fear factor defined by panic and phobic disorders, and instead loaded on the anxious-misery factor defined primarily by mood disorders. An identical pattern of results emerged for both lifetime PTSD and 12-month PTSD prevalence figures. Implications of these findings for the classification of PTSD and research on its etiology are briefly discussed. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Moroccan national study on prevalence of mental disorders: a community-based epidemiological studyACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2010N. Kadri Objective:, The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders in the Moroccan general population. Method:, On a systematic representative randomized sample, the Moroccan Arabic version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess the prevalence of mood, anxiety, substance, and alcohol abuse disorders. Results:, Among 5498 subjects interviewed, 40.1% had at least one current mental disorder. Current major depressive disorder was the most common (26.5%), and at least one anxiety disorder was found in 37% of the sample. Mental disorders were more frequent among female, urban, divorced, and unemployed subjects. Conclusion:, Mental disorders are common in the Moroccan general population, particularly mood and anxiety disorders. [source] Substance use disorders in an Australian community surveyDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 3 2002MAREE TEESSON Abstract A community survey of the common mental disorders in a geographically defined treatment service area was used to explore the socio-demographic correlates and service utilization of people with alcohol and drug use disorders living in the area. These data represent the most comprehensive data on substance use disorders in a defined geographic region in Australia. Alcohol and drug use disorders were most likely to be found in the young, with those aged 18,34 uyears being three times more likely to have an alcohol use disorder than those aged 55 years and over. A third (33%) of those people with an alcohol use disorder and 42% of those with a drug use disorder had consulted a health professional in the past 12 months for their substance use disorder. [source] Does Satisfaction Reflect the Technical Quality of Mental Health Care?HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003Mark J. Edlund Objective. To analyze the relationship between satisfaction and technical quality of care for common mental disorders. Data Source. A nationally representative telephone survey of 9,585 individuals conducted in 1997,1998. Study Design. Using multinomial logistic regression techniques we investigated the association between a five-level measure of satisfaction with the mental health care available for personal or emotional problems and two quality indicators. The first measure, appropriate technical quality, was defined as use of either appropriate counseling or psychotropic medications during the prior year for a probable depressive or anxiety disorder. The second, active treatment, indicated whether the respondent had received treatment for a psychiatric disorder in the past year. Covariates included measures of physical and mental health and sociodemographic indicators. Principal Findings. Appropriate technical quality of care was significantly associated with higher levels of satisfaction. The strength of the association was moderate. Conclusions. Satisfaction is associated with technical quality of care. However, profiling quality of care with satisfaction will likely require large samples and case-mix adjustment, which may be more difficult for plans or provider groups to implement than measuring technical indicators. More importantly, satisfaction is not the same as technical quality, and our results suggest that at this time they cannot be made to approach each other closely enough to eliminate either. [source] The structure of common mental disorders: A replication study in a community sample of adolescents and young adultsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009Katja Beesdo-baum Abstract Previous research suggests that patterns of comorbidity of common mental disorders among adults are best reflected by a hierarchical three-factor structure with two correlated factors (,anxious-misery' and ,fear') summarized in a second-order ,internalizing' factor and one ,externalizing' factor. This three-factor structure has not been examined yet in a sample of adolescents and young adults. A representative sample of 3021 adolescents and young adults (baseline age 14,24) were prospectively followed over 10 years. Mental disorders were assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) by using the standardized Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Ten mental disorders (major depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, antisocial personality) were fitted to a series of Confirmatory Factor Analysis models using: (1) 12-month data, and (2) lifetime data from a person-year data set. The three-factor model showed good fit to the observed data in our sample both when 12-month diagnoses and lifetime-to-date diagnoses from a person-year data file were used; yet the higher-order ,internalizing' factor summarizing ,anxious misery' and ,fear' had to be omitted. The three-factor model could be replicated in a sample of adolescents and young adults with the exception that the second-order ,internalizing' factor was not consistent with the data. Further research is necessary to provide more complete insight into the structure of mental disorders by examining the stability of the structure of mental disorders in different developmental stages (ages) and by using a more extensive set of mental disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Patients presenting with somatic complaints: epidemiology, psychiatric co-morbidity and managementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003Kurt Kroenke MD Abstract Somatic symptoms are the leading cause of outpatient medical visits and also the predominant reason why patients with common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety initially present in primary care. At least 33% of somatic symptoms are medically unexplained, and these symptoms are chronic or recurrent in 20% to 25% of patients. Unexplained or multiple somatic symptoms are strongly associated with coexisting depressive and anxiety disorders. Other predictors of psychiatric co-morbidity include recent stress, lower self-rated health and higher somatic symptom severity, as well as high healthcare utilization, difficult patient encounters as perceived by the physician, and chronic medical disorders. Antidepressants and cognitive-behavioural therapy are both effective for treatment of somatic symptoms, as well as for functional somatic syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, pain disorders, and chronic headache. A stepped care approach is described, which consists of three phases that may be useful in the care of patients with somatic symptoms. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] The Black,White Paradox in Health: Flourishing in the Face of Social Inequality and DiscriminationJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2009Corey L. M. Keyes ABSTRACT This paper reviews published research and presents new analyses from the 1995 nationally representative sample from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study to investigate whether there is support for the paradox of race and health in the United States. Findings reveal that Blacks have lower rates of several common mental disorders, but Blacks also have higher rates of flourishing than Whites. Blacks are mentally resilient in the face of greater social inequality and exposure to discrimination as well as high rates of physical morbidity,all of which are distinctive risk factors for mental distress and mental illness in the general population. Findings also show that controlling for perceived discrimination increases the Black advantage in 12 of the 13 signs of flourishing, suggesting that Blacks would have even better mental health were it not for discrimination. This paper concludes by considering what mechanisms,both adaptive and maladaptive,might explain this particular example of resilience in the Black population. [source] An overview on gender, personality and mental healthPERSONALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2007Joel Paris Personality traits are influenced by gender, and these differences are unlikely to be artefacts. Gender effects on traits also shape differences in the prevalence of common mental disorders, so that internalizing disorders are more common in females, while externalizing disorders are more common in males. Finally, gender effects influence the prevalence of specific personality disorders. These differences have clinical implications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prevalence of common mental disorders and their work consequences in France, according to occupational categoryAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Christine Cohidon MD Abstract Background The aims of the study are to estimate the prevalence of the common mental disorders according to occupational category and to describe the consequences of these disorders on their work, in the French population. Methods It took place in France from 1999 to 2003. The sample consisted of about 36,000 people aged 18 years and older. Data were collected face-to-face using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results Anxiety disorders were most common (17% in men and 26% in women), while prevalence estimates for mood disorders were 10% in men and 14% in women. Prevalence of troubles were consistently higher among those in the lowest occupational categories. Among those reporting mental disorders, about 50% said that their work was affected. The repercussions on job varied by occupational category and differently for men and women. Conclusion This study shows the social and occupational inequalities in the prevalence of mental disorders and their important work consequences in the French working population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:141,152, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence of common mental disorders and their work consequences in france, according to occupational categoryAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Christine Cohidon MD Abstract In the previously published version of this article Marcel Goldberg name was misspelled within the authorship as Marcel Gorldberg. The corrected version, Marcel Goldberg, appears above to amend the record. [source] Twelve-month prevalence, severity, and treatment of common mental disorders in communities in Japan: preliminary finding from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2002,2003PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 4 2005NORITO KAWAKAMI md Abstract, To estimate the prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) mental disorders in community populations in Japan, face-to-face household surveys were conducted in four community populations in Japan. A total of 1663 community adults responded (overall response rate, 56%). The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. The prevalence of any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year was 8.8%, of which 17% of cases were severe and 47% were moderate. Among specific disorders, major depression (2.9%), specific phobia (2.7%), and alcohol abuse/dependence (2.0%) were the most prevalent. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment, only 19% of the serious or moderate cases received medical treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Older and not currently married individuals had a greater risk of having more severe DSM-IV disorders if they had experienced any within the previous 12 months. Those who had completed high school or some college were more likely to seek medical treatment than those who had completed college. The study confirmed that the prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders was equal to that observed in Asian countries but lower than that in Western countries. The percentage of those receiving medical treatment was low even for those who suffered severe or moderate disorders. Possible strategies are discussed. [source] | |||||||||||||