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Common Interest (common + interest)
Selected AbstractsCommon Interests and Common Goals: Achieving Greater Progress in Preventive Health Through Strategic Collaborations,CA: A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS, Issue 4 2004Dr. Ralph B. Vance MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Efficient and fair scheduling for two-level information broadcasting systemsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 18 2008Byoung-Hoon Lee Abstract In a ubiquitous environment, there are many applications where a server disseminates information of common interest to pervasive clients and devices. For an example, an advertisement server sends information from a broadcast server to display devices. We propose an efficient information scheduling scheme for information broadcast systems to reduce average waiting time for information access while maintaining fairness between information items. Our scheme allocates information items adaptively according to relative popularity for each local server. Simulation results show that our scheme can reduce the waiting time up to 30% compared with the round robin scheme while maintaining cost-effective fairness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neuronal substrates of gaze following in monkeysEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 8 2009Simone Kamphuis Abstract Human and non-human primates follow the gaze of their respective conspecific to identify objects of common interest. Whereas humans rely on eye-gaze for such purposes, monkeys preferentially use head-gaze information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have delineated an area in the human superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is specifically activated when subjects actively follow the eye-gaze of others. Similarly, using fMRI, we have identified an analogous region in the monkey's middle STS responding to gaze following. Hence, although humans and monkeys might rely on different directional cues guiding their attention, they seem to deploy a similar and possibly homologous cortical area to follow the gaze of a conspecific. Our results support the idea that the eyes developed a new social function in human evolution, most likely to support cooperative mutual social interactions building on a phylogenetically old STS module for the processing of head cues. [source] New slavery, old binaries: human trafficking and the borders of ,freedom'GLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2010JULIA O'CONNELL DAVIDSON Abstract This article explores dominant discourse on ,trafficking as modern slavery' in relation to the many legal and social fetters that have historically been and are today imposed upon individuals who are socially imagined as ,free'. It argues that discourse on ,trafficking as modern slavery' revitalizes the liberal understandings of freedom and restriction that have historically allowed vigorous moral condemnation of slavery to coexist with the continued imposition of extensive, forcible restrictions on individuals deemed to be ,free'. In place of efforts to build political alliances between different groups of migrants, as well as between migrants and non-migrants, who share a common interest in transforming existing social and political relations, ,trafficking as modern slavery' discourse inspires and legitimates efforts to divide a small number of ,deserving victims' from the masses that remain ,undeserving' of rights and freedoms. [source] Rebellion in south-western England and the Welsh marches, 1215,17*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 208 2007Paul Latimer This study attempts a reassessment of the rebellion of 1215,17 in two regions: south-western England and the Welsh marches. After examining the historiography of the 1215,17 conflict and some problems with the evidence, the article deals with the two regions in turn. In the first, the rebellion is found to be somewhat stronger than has been appreciated and to be, to a considerable extent, one of local county communities, rather than of great barons. In the second, the rebellion is seen as much stronger than it has been portrayed, although here the great rebel barons play a significant role. In both regions, the rebellion appears as one directed against an exploitative and intrusive central government and its aggressive curial servants, while also, in the outcome of the rebellion, a degree of common interest between the rebels and baronial loyalists is suggested. Overall, although there are some contrasts between the two regions, the study stresses the elements of a common cause in the rebellion. [source] Empirical assessment of a collaborative filtering algorithm based on OWA operatorsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 12 2008Miguel-Angel Sicilia Classical collaborative filtering algorithms generate recommendations on the basis of ratings provided by users that express their subjective preference on concrete items. The correlation of ratings is used in such schemes as an implicit measure of common interest between users, that is used to predict ratings, so that these ratings determine recommendations. The common formulae used for the computation of predicted ratings use standard weighted averaging schemes as the fixed aggregation mechanism that determines the result of the prediction. Nonetheless, the surrounding context of these rating systems suggest that an approach considering a degree of group consensus in the aggregation process may better capture the essence of the "word,of,mouth" philosophy of such systems. This paper reports on the empirical evaluation of such an alternative approach in which OWA operators with different properties are tested against a dataset to search for the better empirical adjustment. The resulting algorithm can be considered as a generalization of the original Pearson formula based algorithm that allows for the fitting of the aggregation behavior to concrete databases of ratings. The results show that for the particular context studied, higher orness degrees reduce overall error measures, especially for high ratings, which are more relevant in recommendation settings. The adjustment procedure can be used as a general-purpose method for the empirical fit of the behavior of collaborative filtering systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Control Modes in the Age of Transnational GovernanceLAW & POLICY, Issue 3 2008DIRK LEHMKUHL The article starts with the observation that there are overlaps in, so far, largely unrelated research programs concerned with the legalization in international relations, on the one hand, and transnational regulation and governance, on the other. The analysis of the literature at the interface between the "fourth strata of the geology of international law" and the "governance in the age of regulation" literatures reveals a substantial common interest in structures of transnational regulatory governance. At the same time, the theoretical toolkit of both strands of literature does not match the task of coping analytically with structures and processes in the overlapping realm. To sharpen the analytical edge, the article elaborates hierarchy, market, community, and design as four ideal types of control modes in transnational regulatory spaces. The application of this model to the empirical analysis of a number of regimes underpins the observation that control frequently occurs in hybrid regulatory constellations involving public and private actors across national and international levels. A key example concerns the prominence of domestic regulatory regimes in underpinning transnational governance processes, where national rules achieve extraterritorial effect as much through competitive as through hierarchical mechanisms. [source] Comparing health care delivery systems , initiating a student exchange project between Europe and the United StatesMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 7 2001Elizabeth G Armstrong Background Cross-cultural contact among different health care systems can provide a framework for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of one's own healthcare system. However, such contact has rarely had much impact upon medical education curricula. Despite intense debate on reforming the healthcare delivery systems (HCDS) in Europe and the United States, there is very little formal representation of this interdisciplinary field in our educational programs. Description To address this problem, a medical student exchange program was conducted in which students developed case studies that produced comparative analyses of HCDS in Germany, Sweden, Denmark and the United States. Each case is intended to highlight critical differences among the systems. Evaluation Students and their faculty preceptors completed pre- and post-exchange questionnaires to assess perceived knowledge of the HCDS and the adequacy of time devoted to it in their curricula. Both perceived that too little attention was devoted to this content in their programs. Following the exchange, students described clear increases in perceived knowledge. Discussion Our common interest in curriculum reform was key to implementing the exchange. The written cases generated by the students are being developed as course material in some of the schools and a conference is planned to disseminate the cases and the implementation strategies for their inclusion in medical curricula. [source] Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2002)PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 4 2003Y. Arakawa The International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2002) was held at Komaba Campus of University of Tokyo, Japan, from Monday, 30 September, through Thursday, 3 October 2002. The purpose of the QD2002 was to bring together scientists from different fields of physics and chemistry to discuss topics of common interest and significance in such growing areas including semiconductor quantum dots, nanocrystals, and clusters. The conference was focused on the optical and electronic properties of three-dimensionally confined nanostructures grown both by epitaxial methods and chemical preparation routes. The QD2002 was the second in a series which started in Munich, Germany, in 2000. The scope of the QD2002 covered various research fields including novel fabrication techniques of nanoheterostructures, electronic structures, optical properties, electronic properties/single electron tunneling processes, molecular dots, nanocrystals, device applications such as lasers and memories, coherent processes/quantum computations, and biomedical applications. [source] The 6th East Midlands Proteomics Workshop supported by the BSPR and BMSS 14 November 2007, Nottingham, UKPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 9 2008Robert Layfield Dr. Abstract Now in its 6th year, the East Midlands Proteomics workshop held in November 2007 brought together over 200 scientists with a common interest in proteomic techniques and their application to complex biological and biomedical problems. For the first time, this meeting was jointly supported by the British Society for Proteome Research (BSPR) and British Mass Spectrometry Society (BMSS). [source] POWER LEARNING OR PATH DEPENDENCY?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2010INVESTIGATING THE ROOTS OF THE EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY A key motive for establishing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was restoring public confidence in the wake of multiplying food scares and the BSE crisis. Scholars, however, have paid little attention to the actual political and institutional logics that shaped this new organization. This article explores the dynamics underpinning the making of EFSA. We examine the way in which learning and power shaped its organizational architecture. It is demonstrated that the lessons drawn from the past and other models converged on the need to delegate authority to an external agency, but diverged on its mandate, concretely whether or not EFSA should assume risk management responsibilities. In this situation of competitive learning, power and procedural politics conditioned the mandate granted to EFSA. The European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council shared a common interest in preventing the delegation of regulatory powers to an independent EU agency in food safety policy. [source] Managing Change Across Boundaries: Boundary-Shaking Practices1BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2005Julia Balogun To date, boundary spanning has primarily been conceived of as an activity relating an organization to its environment, including other organizations with which it cooperates and competes. In contrast, this study focuses on the boundary spanning practices of individuals acting as change agents to implement boundary- shaking change initiatives across intra -organizational boundaries. These boundary-shaking individuals all work for blue-chip organizations in sectors as diverse as pharmaceuticals, consultancy and automotive. The change initiatives are equally diverse, including post-merger integration, exploitation of across-business synergies and implementing more integrative structures. Through our examination of boundary-shakers we are able to extend what we know about internal change agency and change agent skills and practices. Our starting point is that organizations are comprised of networks of people with a degree of common interest. Our research shows our research subjects to be active movers and shakers in these networks, using their knowledge of the organizational political context and the motivations of others to create new networks (or new meanings within old networks), which then enables them to pursue their change objectives. [source] How Should a Speech Recognizer Work?COGNITIVE SCIENCE - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Odette Scharenborg Abstract Although researchers studying human speech recognition (HSR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) share a common interest in how information processing systems (human or machine) recognize spoken language, there is little communication between the two disciplines. We suggest that this lack of communication follows largely from the fact that research in these related fields has focused on the mechanics of how speech can be recognized. In Marr's (1982) terms, emphasis has been on the algorithmic and implementational levels rather than on the computational level. In this article, we provide a computational-level analysis of the task of speech recognition, which reveals the close parallels between research concerned with HSR and ASR. We illustrate this relation by presenting a new computational model of human spoken-word recognition, built using techniques from the field of ASR that, in contrast to current existing models of HSR, recognizes words from real speech input. [source] Interest formation in greenfield union organising campaignsINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007Melanie Simms ABSTRACT This article examines the processes by which unions come to express the interests of workers during organising campaigns. Evidence from five longitudinal cases shows the central importance of officials and organisers. Three key reasons for this are explored: the need for expert knowledge in organising campaigns, the fact that officials and organisers are well placed to identify and to construct common interests among a diversity of interest groups, and the fact that the training they receive explicitly encourages this role. Furthermore, it is argued that this helps explain some of the difficulties observed in organising campaigns specifically; the limitations of campaigns that primarily focus at workplace level, and the relatively narrow definition of collective interests that this approach encourages. [source] The politics of Europe 2004: solidarity and integrationINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Erik Jones ABSTRACT The process of European integration has reached the limits of European solidarity,both within the member states and between them. Increasingly, Europeans are demonstrating reluctance to accept common rules, to recognise common values, to protect common interests, or to promote common objectives. Instead, Europeans appear to be expressing many different and yet interrelated forms of disaffection. Voter abstention is high, security cooperation is weak, economic confidence is low, and support for either European enlargement or institutional reform is vanishing. To respond to this crisis, European politicians need to manage expectations better, they need to accept responsibility for public policy problems, they need to explain the limits of what Europe can do, and they need to search for new formulas to meet different national challenges with common European institutions. [source] The Sino,Russian Partnership and U.S. Policy Toward North Korea: From Hegemony to Concert in Northeast AsiaINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2005David Kerr This paper presents two sets of arguments: one theoretical and one analytical. The theoretical arguments concern the relationship between regional ordering and systemic change. The paper questions the usefulness of the unipolar conception of the contemporary system arguing that the interaction of the Great Powers cannot be understood without reference to regional dynamics. Thus, a unipolar system implies considerable potential for U.S. hegemonic intervention at the regional level but in East Asia, we find an equilibrium constructed out of both material and normative forces, defined as a concert, which presents a considerable restraint on all powers, including the U.S. The paper then proceeds to examine these claims through an analysis of the foreign policies of the U.S., Russia, and China over the North Korean nuclear problem that emerged after 2002. It finds that China and Russia have substantive common interests arising from internal and external re-ordering in which they look to strategic partnerships, regional multilateralism, and systemic multipolarization as inter-locking processes. The paper finds that they have collaborated over the Korean crisis to prevent a U.S. unilateral solution but that this should not be construed as a success for an open counterhegemonic strategy as it was only under the constraining conditions of East Asian concert, including the dynamics within the U.S. alliance systems, that this collaboration was successful. Nevertheless, the paper concludes that regional multipolarity and systemic unipolarity are contradictory: a system that exhibits multipolarization at the regional level cannot be characterized as unipolar at the global level. [source] The Nexus of Market Society, Liberal Preferences, and Democratic Peace: Interdisciplinary Theory and EvidenceINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003Michael Mousseau Drawing on literature from Anthropology, Economics, Political Science and Sociology, an interdisciplinary theory is presented that links the rise of contractual forms of exchange within a society with the proliferation of liberal values, democratic legitimacy, and peace among democratic nations. The theory accommodates old facts and yields a large number of new and testable ones, including the fact that the peace among democracies is limited to market-oriented states, and that market democracies,but not the other democracies,perceive common interests. Previous research confirms the first hypothesis; examination herein of UN roll call votes confirms the latter: the market democracies agree on global issues. The theory and evidence demonstrate that (a) the peace among democratic states may be a function of common interests derived from common economic structure; (b) all of the empirical research into the democratic peace is underspecified, as no study has considered an interaction of democracy with economic structure; (c) interests can be treated endogenously in social research; and (d) several of the premier puzzles in global politics are causally related,including the peace among democracies and the association of democratic stability and liberal political culture with market-oriented economic development. [source] CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS RESEARCH: A RESOURCE FOR COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPISTSJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 1 2004Susan S. Hendrick This article describes the relatively new field of close relationships research, offering a representative list of topics studied by relationships reseachers. Some of the common interests shared by both close relationships reseachers and couple and family therapists are described, with theshared emphasis on relationships as an anchor for both fields. Some representative love theories are discussed, and Love Styles theory and research are presented in considerable detail. A clinicalcase example indicates how love styles research may be employed to advantage by couple therapists, and the utility of other close relationships theories and measures for therapy is briefly discussed. [source] Understanding information related fields: A conceptual frameworkJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 13 2007Ping Zhang Many scientific fields share common interests for research and education. Yet, very often, these fields do not communicate to each other and are unaware of the work in other fields. Understanding the commonalities and differences among related fields can broaden our understanding of the interested phenomena from various perspectives, better utilize resources, enhance collaboration, and eventually move the related fields forward together. In this article, we present a conceptual framework, namely the Information-Model or I-model, to describe various aspects of information related fields. We consider this a timely effort in light of the evolutions of several information related fields and a set of questions related to the identities of these fields. It is especially timely in defining the newly formed Information Field from a community of twenty some information schools. We posit that the information related fields are built on a number of other fields but with their own unique foci and concerns. That is, core components from other fundamental fields interact and integrate with each other to form dynamic and interesting information related fields that all have to do with information, technology, people, and organization/society. The conceptual framework can have a number of uses. Besides providing a unified view of these related fields, it can be used to examine old case studies, recent research projects, educational programs and curricula concerns, as well as to illustrate the commonalities and differences with the information related fields. [source] Haploid chromosomes in molecular ecology: lessons from the human YMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 7 2001Matthew E. Hurles Abstract We review the potential use of haploid chromosomes in molecular ecology, using recent work on the human Y chromosome as a paradigm. Chromosomal sex-determination systems, and hence constitutively haploid chromosomes, which escape from recombination over much of their length, have evolved multiple times in the animal kingdom. In mammals, where males are the heterogametic sex, the patrilineal Y chromosome represents a paternal counterpart to mitochondrial DNA. Work on the human Y chromosome has shown it to contain the same range of polymorphic markers as the rest of the nuclear genome and these have rendered it the most informative haplotypic system in the human genome. Examples from research on the human Y chromosome are used to illustrate the common interests of anthropologists and ecologists in investigating the genetic impact of sex-specific behaviours and dispersals, as well as patterns of global diversity. We present some methodologies for extracting information from these uniquely informative yet under-utilized loci. [source] Towards the earliest history of KindaARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009M.D. Bukharin In the second century AD Rome could not protect the caravan trade in north-west Arabia to the south of Dedan with its own military detachments, stationed in Mad,'in and al-'Ul,. Rome seems to have attracted Aksum for the subjugation of the Arab nomads of north-west Arabia and protection of the ,Incense Road'. At the end of the second century AD Rome, Aksum and Saba' shared common interests: Aksum helped Rome to restore peace on the caravan routes, in which Saba' seemed to have been interested as well, and Rome provided a market for East African and South Arabian products. During the west Arabian campaign, described in the inscription RIÉ 277 (Monumentum Adulitanum II), which is to be dated to the very end of the second century AD, the unnamed Aksumite king, presumably Gad,rat, conquered the lands of Kinaidokolpites and Arrabites. The former name represents a combination of two names, the first of which seems to be derived from the name of Kinda (identification of the entire name with Kinda is taken for ,somewhat unlikely' in Retsö 2003: 450, n. 60). The Kinda seem to have been also known in the earlier classical tradition under the name of Kanraitai , the inhabitants of Ghamr dh,-Kinda , and thus were the most aggressive and dangerous obstacle for the Roman traders on the land routes in north-west Arabia and in the northern Red Sea in the first,second century AD. The Aksumite invasion forced the resettlement of the Kinda on the other branch of the ,Incense road', through modern Qaryat al-F,w , and its blockade, consequently followed at the beginning of the third century by the campaigns of the Sabaean king ,,'ir ,Awtar against them. [source] The Logic of Expressive Collective Action: When will Individuals ,Nail their Colours to the Mast'?BRITISH JOURNAL OF POLITICS & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Issue 4 2007Philip Jones Individuals do not act collectively simply because they recognise common interests; collective interests can be defined as collective goods and collective goods are non-excludable. In ,large' groups instrumental individuals have no incentive to act because individual action is imperceptible. But are individuals always this instrumental? If it is a mistake to assume that collective action occurs ,naturally' when common interests are recognised, it is a mistake to ignore awareness of common interests. Individuals derive satisfaction from expressing identity with common interests but when will individuals choose to ,nail their colours to the mast'? [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||