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Common Good (common + good)
Selected AbstractsGOOD GIFTS FOR THE COMMON GOOD: Blood and Bioethics in the Market of Genetic ResearchCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2007DEEPA S. REDDY This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with the Indian community in Houston, as part of a NIH,NHGRI-sponsored ethics study and sample collection initiative entitled "Indian and Hindu Perspectives on Genetic Variation Research." At the heart of this research is one central exchange,blood samples donated for genetic research,that draws both the Indian community and a community of researchers into an encounter with bioethics. I consider the meanings that come to be associated with blood donation as it passes through various hands, agendas, and associated ethical filters on its way to the lab bench: how and why blood is solicited, how the giving and taking of blood is rationalized, how blood as material substance is alienated, processed, documented, and made available for the promised ends of basic science research. Examining corporeal substances and asking what sorts of gifts and problems these represent, I argue, sheds some light on two imbricated tensions expressed by a community of Indians, on the one hand, and of geneticists and basic science researchers, on the other hand: that gifts ought to be free (but are not), and that science ought to be pure (but is not). In this article, I explore how experiences of bioethics are variously shaped by the histories and habits of Indic giving, prior sample collection controversies, commitments to "good science" and the common "good of humanity," and negotiations of the sites where research findings circulate. [source] Corporate Capitalism and the Common Good: A Framework for Addressing the Challenges of a Global EconomyJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 1 2002Thomas W. Ogletree This article ventures a framework for assessing the contributions capitalism might make to the common good. Capitalism has manifest strengths,efficiency, growth, support for human freedoms, encouragement for collaboration among nations that are not natural allies. Processes that generate these goods have negative consequences as well,the exploitation of labor, environmental harm, the marginalization of the "least advantaged," the reduction of politics to strategies for advancing special interests. To constrain the negative consequences, public oversight is necessary. The challenge is to devise policies that will limit the harms while protecting conditions that enable free markets to flourish. The paper concludes with an illustrative sketch of policy proposals that exemplify this goal. [source] Varieties of Agonism: Conflict, the Common Good, and the Need for SynagonismJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2008Nathalie Karagiannis First page of article [source] Solidarity and the Common Good: An Analytic FrameworkJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2007William Rehg First page of article [source] For the Common Good: Principles of American Academic FreedomJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010William G. Tierney No abstract is available for this article. [source] Common Good and Civic Spirit in the Welfare State: Problems of Societal Self,DescriptionTHE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2002Herfried Münkler [source] Baking for the common good: a reassessment of the assize of bread in Medieval England1ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2004JAMES DAVIS This article reassesses the structure of the assize of bread and its relevance for bakers and consumers in late medieval England. It has long been thought that the laws governing the manufacture and sale of bread, although adhering to a logical relationship between weight and price, were nevertheless ill-considered in formulation, calculation, and enactment and did not, in reality, provide the stable allowance recommended for bakers. By examining the economic and moral ideology underlying the assize of bread it is possible to demonstrate that legislators were actually employing a rationale that best fitted contemporary circumstances and retail practices. There nevertheless remained one fundamental flaw in its construction, which was to have implications for its enforcement. [source] NONPROFIT EMPLOYEES' MACHIAVELLIAN PROPENSITIESFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2009Pamela C. Smith Nonprofit organizations are held to high ethical standards due to their charitable missions serving the common good. Incidents of fiscal mismanagement within the nonprofit sector make it relevant to assay the ethical principles of employees. This study examines the level of Machiavellian propensities of US nonprofit employees. Results indicate Machiavellian propensities do exist in certain nonprofit employees and these employees agree with questionable behavior. Policy makers and oversight agencies may find these results useful in developing corporate governance and accountability measures for nonprofit organizations. Furthermore, board of director members may use these results to monitor employee actions and address management training. [source] New value partnerships: the lessons of Denny's/Save the Children partnership for building high-yielding cross-sector alliancesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 3 2001Shirley Sagawa While business and nonprofit organisations have long used alliances within their own sectors to address specific needs, increasingly they are turning to cross-sector partnerships that benefit both parties while they serve the common good. In the last decade, marketing alliances between businesses and social sector organisations have become increasingly common as ways for companies to achieve business objectives and for social sector organisations to raise their visibility and attract new resources. The alliance between Denny's and Save the Children provides an example of a noteworthy marketing partnership that shows how a cross-sector alliance can assist a company with a damaged public image to build a new public identity while enabling an international nonprofit organisation to create an ambitious programme for US children. As a new value partnership, a long-term, high yielding alliance between businesses and social sector organisations, this relationship is characterised by several elements: communication, opportunity, mutuality, multiple levels, open-endedness, and new value, forming the acronym COMMON. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications [source] The group selection controversyJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010E. G. LEIGH Jr Abstract Many thought Darwinian natural selection could not explain altruism. This error led Wynne-Edwards to explain sustainable exploitation in animals by selection against overexploiting groups. Williams riposted that selection among groups rarely overrides within-group selection. Hamilton showed that altruism can evolve through kin selection. How strongly does group selection influence evolution? Following Price, Hamilton showed how levels of selection interact: group selection prevails if Hamilton's rule applies. Several showed that group selection drove some major evolutionary transitions. Following Hamilton's lead, Queller extended Hamilton's rule, replacing genealogical relatedness by the regression on an actor's genotypic altruism of interacting neighbours' phenotypic altruism. Price's theorem shows the generality of Hamilton's rule. All instances of group selection can be viewed as increasing inclusive fitness of autosomal genomes. Nonetheless, to grasp fully how cooperation and altruism evolve, most biologists need more concrete concepts like kin selection, group selection and selection among individuals for their common good. [source] Virtus on Whitehall: The Politics of Palladianism in William Kent's Treasury Building, 1733,61JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005FRANCIS DODSWORTH The 1730s saw the domination of neo-Palladianism in the Office of Works and the establishment of a prominent and permanent administrative centre whose style made an architectural statement about the conduct of Walpole's government. The nature of this statement is only comprehensible when viewed in the context of contemporary political debate. William Kent's Treasury invoked antique Rome in order to emphasise the government's competence and assert the independence of its officers from patronage and their commitment to the common good. [source] Corporate Capitalism and the Common Good: A Framework for Addressing the Challenges of a Global EconomyJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 1 2002Thomas W. Ogletree This article ventures a framework for assessing the contributions capitalism might make to the common good. Capitalism has manifest strengths,efficiency, growth, support for human freedoms, encouragement for collaboration among nations that are not natural allies. Processes that generate these goods have negative consequences as well,the exploitation of labor, environmental harm, the marginalization of the "least advantaged," the reduction of politics to strategies for advancing special interests. To constrain the negative consequences, public oversight is necessary. The challenge is to devise policies that will limit the harms while protecting conditions that enable free markets to flourish. The paper concludes with an illustrative sketch of policy proposals that exemplify this goal. [source] Humanitarian Intervention, Altruism, and the Limits of CasuistryJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 1 2000Richard B. Miller This essay argues that the ethics of humanitarian intervention cannot be readily subsumed by the ethics of just war without due attention to matters of political and moral motivation. In the modern era, a just war draws directly from self-benefitting motives in wars of self-defense, or indirectly in wars that enforce international law or promote the global common good. Humanitarian interventions, in contrast, are intuitively admirable insofar as they are other-regarding. That difference poses a challenge to the casuistry of humanitarian intervention because it makes it difficult to reason by analogy from the case of war to the case of humanitarian intervention. The author develops this point in dialogue with Michael Walzer, the U.S. Catholic bishops, and President Clinton. He concludes by showing how a casuistry of intervention is possible, developing a motivational rationale that draws on the Golden Rule. [source] In service to the common goodLEADER TO LEADER, Issue 47 2008Frances Hesselbein [source] Two decades of community-based learningNEW DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHING & LEARNING, Issue 123 2010Edward Zlotkowski Community-based learning is now more than a variation on community service. It is now a powerful pedagogy that can be used to enhance the common good. This pedagogy has proven itself to be an educational resource whose time has come. [source] The multifaceted structure of nursing: an Aristotelian analysis,NURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2002Beverly J. B. Whelton PhD MSN RN Abstract A careful reading of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics focusing on his treatment of politics reveals a multifaceted discipline with political science, legislation, practice and ethics. These aspects of the discipline bear clear resemblance to the multiple conceptions of nursing. The potential that nursing is a multifaceted discipline, with nursing science as just one facet challenges the author's own conception of nursing as a practical science. Aristotle's discussion would seem to argue that nursing science is nursing, but nursing is more. Nursing is also ethical practice, or art, and legislative for health. The multifaceted discipline of politics is united by the end, the common good, a just community that makes human happiness possible. Reasoning in this way, nursing is unified by its end, health of individuals and communities. Since nursing is not unique in having health as its end, this discussion ends with the question of where its uniqueness lies, i.e. within the activities or the personal presence of its practitioners. This discussion also contains some of the contemporary ethical and legislative challenges with which nursing is confronted. [source] From our own correspondentPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 1 2000William A. Silverman Secrecy and rainmaking in medical research There is a culture shift under way. The universities' central product , knowledge , used to be regarded as a ,common good,' but it is in the process of being reappraised as ,intellectual property' . . . which must be walled off. This balkanization of knowledge, packaged for sale, will alter our universities and weaken them. Nobel laureate John C. Polanyi1 [source] Local Democracy and Political Leadership: Drawing a MapPOLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2006Michael Haus Different concepts of local democracy imply different tasks, functions and reform strategies for local political leadership. This article draws a map of local democracy that entails four non-exclusive components: representative democracy, user democracy, network democracy and participatory democracy. After reflecting on the nature of local democracy in governance and the functions of political leadership generally, the article considers in turn the bases of constructing the common good within each form of democracy. Special attention is given to the role of political leadership within these forms. [source] ,You cannot sell liberty for all the gold there is': promoting good governance in early Renaissance FlorenceRENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 2 2010Peter Howard During the Medicean ascendancy in Renaissance Florence, the city's Dominican Archbishop, Sant' Antonino Pierozzi, used the power of the pulpit to ensure that deeds undertaken by citizens were motivated not by self-interest (bonum particulare), but rather by the honour of God and the good of the republic , the common good of all (bonum commune). This article considers a range of texts from which he derived a language to express his particular vision of the city and its governance. I argue that preachers kept the idea of libertas alive in the consciousness of the city's inhabitants by drawing on sets of words that had both historical and contemporary resonance. Indeed, in the case of Florence and Archbishop Antonino, direct verbal borrowings served, at least implicitly, to link particular utterances to a long tradition and to shared ideals originating in the city's past. The article concludes with an examination of his hitherto unrecognized borrowings from the treatise on the cardinal virtues by Henry of Rimini OP, addressed to the citizens of Venice of the late 1290s, and with a reflection on how these words, envisaged for the polity of another time and place, had potency and authority within contemporary circumstances. [source] The Freedom of Desire: Hegel's Response to Rousseau on the Problem of Civil SocietyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Jeffrey Church The ever-growing body of literature on civil society can benefit from a return to the original theoretical articulation and defense of the concept in the work of G.W.F. Hegel. Specifically, this article suggests that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's influential critique of civil society remains unanswered and argues that Hegel responded with a sweeping and sympathetic institutional design that remains relevant today. Hegel agrees with Rousseau that commercial society aggravates the dissatisfaction of its members, and that educating individual desire through institutional design is necessary to solve this difficulty. However, modern states need not adopt Rousseau's extreme and impracticable solution. Hegel's concrete, market-based associations of civil society render desires satiable and elevate them to accord with the common good, while still maintaining the freedom and distinctness of a pluralistic modern society. [source] Absorptive capacity and interpretation system's impact when ,going green': an empirical study of ford, volvo cars and toyotaBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 3 2007Mats Williander Abstract Whether or not it pays to be green or under what circumstances is an important ongoing debate among economic researchers. However, this question, with its rather instrumental rationality, may underestimate another key issue: the ability of companies to create value that can be captured from customers. This paper reports on three companies in the automotive industry developing and launching cars with improved eco-environmental performance and less petrol consumption. The study reveals that, despite being captured in the same technological paradigm, the individual company's mode of environmental interpretation and its aspiration to exploit new technology may be two important explanatory factors in its ability to go green profitably. The study indicates that an enacting mode of environmental interpretation may be superior to a discovering mode, and suggests that for companies having a discovering mode there may be a need to complement existing engineering practice with insights into consumer psychology, and bundling of common good versus private good product attributes. The research upon which this paper is based was conducted using an insider/outsider approach in studying the three companies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] VOICES: BREAKING THE CORRUPTION HABITBUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2010David De Cremer In times of crisis, it seems natural that people will work together for the common good. David De Cremer cautions us that, on the contrary, both economic and social researches prove otherwise. He proposes steps for organisations to take to prevent corrupt behaviours. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||