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Common Association (common + association)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	63%
Psychology	18%

Selected Abstracts

Risk axis: Implementation of structured clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of risk in psychiatry

ASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2009
Shailesh Kumar FRANZCP MRCPsych
Abstract Introduction: Mental health clinicians routinely assess risk in three domains: suicide, violence and self neglect. While the published work on the assessment of these risks has increased, concerns are often expressed that assessment alone does not lead to management of the identified risk. Not all axes of multiaxial classificatory systems are used by clinicians to the same extent, despite their proven usefulness. It is possible that a dedicated axis for risk management as a part of a multiaxial classificatory system could align risk assessment with management and increase utility of multiaxial classificatory systems. Methods: Based on our earlier work we developed a comprehensive risk management axis (RMA), which was then further refined by conducting a pilot study and then used to collect data retrospectively from the case notes of 100 patients consecutively discharged from a general psychiatric ward. Results: Common association between risk factors and three risk domains were as follows. Violence: active symptoms of major mental illness, employment problems, and major mental illness; Suicide: history of abuse, clinically significant depressive symptoms, and alcohol and drug use; Self neglect: neglect of home, personal safety, noncompliance with treatment, male gender, and low income. We also investigated whether the presence of a particular risk factor acted as a barrier or prompt for clinicians to address management factors in the RMA. Discussion: It is possible to assess risk across the three domains and to derive management plans by using the proposed RMA. Minimal clinical background is necessary for collecting data retrospectively. It should be possible to apply this axis prospectively. [source]

Anemia and Cost in Medicare Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, Issue 6 2006
Craig A. Solid MS
The objective of this study was to examine the total cost to Medicare associated with the presence of anemia in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify anemia, CHF, and comorbid conditions in 2002, and total Medicare costs were calculated for 2003. The mean patient age was 77.8 years. Anemia, present in 32% of CHF patients, was associated with older age, female sex, non-white race, and increasing burden of comorbidity. The total per-member-per-month cost in 2003 was $1781.01 among CHF patients with anemia in the preceding year compared with $1142.38 for CHF patients without anemia, a ratio of 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.5589,1.5592). When adjustment was made for baseline demographic factors and comorbid conditions, the corresponding ratio was 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.2546,1.2548). Anemia, a common association of CHF in elderly patients, is an antecedent association of increased societal medical expenditure. [source]

Members of the human papillomavirus type 18 family (alpha-7 species) share a common association with adenocarcinoma of the cervix

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 7 2008
Gary Clifford
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Anaemia in heart failure: a common interaction with renal insufficiency called the cardio-renal anaemia syndrome

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008
A. Palazzuoli
Summary Background:, Although many studies have found a high prevalence of anaemia in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), few have carefully examined the relationship between the CHF and the prevalence of anaemia and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Patients with advanced renal failure, significant anaemia, diffuse atherosclerosis, respiratory disease and more elderly patients have been systematically excluded from the great majority of the randomised clinical trials. Discussion:, Both anaemia and renal insufficiency are very common associated diseases associated with increased mortality, morbidity and rate of hospitalisation in CHF patients. Impaired renal function is associated with adverse outcomes because it represents a marker of coexistent disease and more diffuse atherosclerosis. In patients with CHF, progressive renal dysfunction leads to a decrease in erythropoietin (EPO) levels with reduced erythrocyte production from bone marrow. This may explain the common association between CHF, anaemia and CRI in clinical practice. The normalisation of haemoglobin concentration by EPO in patients with CHF and CRI results in improved exercise capacity by increasing oxygen delivery and improving cardiac function. Conclusion:, In this review, we describe the mechanisms linking anaemic status, CRI and CHF, the prognostic relevance of each disease, treatment implications, and potential benefit of EPO administration. [source]

Do aggression and rule-breaking have different interpersonal correlates?

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2009
A study of antisocial behavior subtypes, hostile perceptions of others, negative affect
Abstract There is mounting evidence that physical aggression and nonaggressive, rule-breaking delinquency constitute two separable though correlated subtypes of antisocial behavior. Even so, it remains unclear whether these behavioral subtypes have meaningfully different interpersonal correlates, particularly as they are subsumed within the same broad domain of antisocial behavior. To evaluate this, we examined whether hostile perceptions of others (assessed via exposure to a series of neutral unknown faces) were linked to level and type of antisocial behavior aggression vs. rule-breaking, and moreover, whether this association persisted even when also considering the common association with negative affect (as manipulated via written recollection of one's best and worst life experiences). Analyses revealed that aggression, but not rule-breaking, was uniquely tied to hostile perceptions of others. Furthermore, this association persisted over and above the common association of both hostile perceptions and aggression with negative affect (at both trait and state levels). Such results provide additional support for clinically meaningful differences between the behavioral subtypes of aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking and for the independent role of hostile perceptions in aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 35:453,461, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Corruption, Productivity and Socialism

KYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003
Geoffrey Wyatt
Summary The level of productivity is correlated across countries with measures of (lack of) corruption, but this appears to be due to a common association of these variables with measures of civil infrastructure, here measured by a combination of governance indexes labelled ,rule of law' and ,government effectiveness'. New instruments based on the size- and spatial-distributions of cities within the countries of the world were constructed in order to explore the causal relationships between civil infrastructure and productivity. Civil infrastructure accounts for a substantial fraction of the global variation in output per worker across countries. Within this empirical pattern there is a systematic deviation associated with the current and former socialist states, which have both lower productivity and inferior civil infrastructure than would be predicted for otherwise similar non-socialist states. However, for a given level of the index of civil infrastructure these states are also shown to have a higher level of productivity than otherwise similar non-socialist states. The unconditionally low productivity of socialist states is attributed entirely to the indirectly deleterious effects that socialism had on civil infrastructure, which more than offset its directly positive effect on output. [source]

Cyst of the common bile duct in a cat

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 7 2010
J-G Grand
A cyst of the common bile duct (CBD) is reported in a 9-year-old cat that presented with a 1-week history of anorexia, weight loss and vomiting. Diagnosis was established by ultrasound examination and laparotomy, and was ultimately confirmed by histological analysis. Chronic cholangitis and an Escherichia coli species were detected concurrently according to the histopathological findings and bile culture, respectively. The case was managed by suturing the borders of the ostium of the cyst over a stent, using a temporary cholecystostomy tube and antibiotic therapy. At 7 months following the surgery, the cat was in excellent physical condition with no clinical evidence of recurrence of cholangitis or of the cyst after ultrasonographic evaluation. According to the human literature, cysts of the CBD require treatment because of their common association with cholangitis, pancreatitis, and cystic rupture. We were unable to confirm a link between the cyst and cholangitis in this case. It is possible that detection of this anomaly was an incidental finding unrelated to bacterbilia. Histological examination of cyst tissue is mandatory for a definitive diagnosis and to differentiate it from neoplasia. This is the first description of a cyst of the CBD in the cat. [source]

Cutaneous collision tumour (melanocytic naevus, basal cell carcinoma, seborrhoeic keratosis): a clinical, dermoscopic and pathological case report

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
V. De Giorgi
Summary The association of contiguous or ,collision' tumours in the same biopsy specimen is not uncommon and is often reported in the literature. The most common association, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and naevus, is very difficult to diagnose clinically. We describe a 38-year-old woman with a previous history of melanoma, who presented with a modified pigmented lesion of the hip that had begun to change 6 months earlier. Histologically, the lesion was a melanocytic compound naevus and a BCC with a seborrhoeic keratosis. The case was investigated clinically and by focusing on the dermoscopic features and their pathological correlates. Cutaneous collision tumours are extremely difficult to diagnose preoperatively, even with the help of dermoscopy, in particular when one of the lesions is melanocytic. [source]

Nodular prurigo: metabolic diseases are a common association

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
S. M. Winhoven
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

The skeletal manifestations of the congenital disorders of glycosylation

CLINICAL GENETICS, Issue 6 2008
D Coman
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly expanding disease group with protean presentations. Specific end-organ involvement leads to significant morbidity and mortality, and the skeletal manifestations are often not appreciated, apart from the common association of osteopaenia with CDG-Ia. We performed a literature review of all documented skeletal manifestations in reported CDG patients, revealing a diverse range of skeletal phenotypes. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of these skeletal manifestations observed in CDG that are important and frequently under-recognized. [source]

The Head Bone's Connected to the Neck Bone: When Do Toddlers Represent Their Own Body Topography?

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2010
Celia A. Brownell
Developments in very young children's topographic representations of their own bodies were examined. Sixty-one 20- and 30-month-old children were administered tasks that indexed the ability to locate specific body parts on oneself and knowledge of how one's body parts are spatially organized, as well as body-size knowledge and self-awareness. Age differences in performance emerged for every task. Body-part localization and body spatial configuration knowledge were associated; however, body topography knowledge was not associated with body-size knowledge. Both were related to traditional measures of self-awareness, mediated by their common associations with age. It is concluded that children possess an explicit, if rudimentary, topographic representation of their own body's shape, structure, and size by 30 months of age. [source]