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Common Additives (common + additive)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON BEEF BOLOGNA CONTAINING SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 3 2001
C.H. SOMMERS
ABSTRACT Soy protein concentrate (SPC), an extender, is a common additive in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. SPC contains antioxidants that could potentially interfere with the ability of ionizing radiation to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes from RTE meat products. When L. monocytogenes was inoculated into cooked beef bologna emulsion containing 0, 1.75, or 3.5% SPC the gamma radiation D10 values, at radiation doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kGy, were 0.66, 0.68, and 0.71kGy, respectively. Soluble antioxidant power, as determined by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was 1958, 3572, and 5494 mol in bologna emulsion containing 0, 1.75 and 3.5% SPC, respectively. Soluble antioxidant power was not affected by ionizing radiation. SPC did not prevent ionizing radiation induced lipid oxidation as determined by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) assay. Hunter color analysis of both unirradiated and irradiated bologna slices containing SPC indicated decreased a value as a result of irradiation, while the addition of SPC helped maintain b-value and L-value. The inclusion of SPC did not represent a barrier to ionizing radiation pasteurization of fine emulsion sausages for the parameters examined. [source]

Voltammetric Determination of ,-Tocopheryl Acetate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 11 2004
Slawomir Michalkiewicz
Abstract A simple and rapid voltammetric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of ,-tocopheryl acetate (,-TOAc) in pharmaceutical preparations. Studies with linear scan (LSV), square-wave (SQWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were carried out using platinum microelectrodes. A well-defined, irreversible oxidation wave/peak was obtained at 1.30,V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode.) The use of SQWV or DPV technique provides a precise determination of ,-tocopheryl acetate using the multiple standard addition method. The statistical parameters and the recovery study data clearly indicate good reproducibility and accuracy of the method. Accuracy of the results assessed by recovery trials was found within the 99.3% to 103.5%, and 99.1% to 101.4%, for SQWV and DPV, respectively. The quantification limits for the both voltammetric techniques were found to be 6×10,5,M (SQWV) and 7×10,5,M (DPV). Analysis of the authentic samples containing ,-TOAc showed no interference with common additives and excipients, such as unsaturated fatty acids (co-formulated as glycerine esters) and vitamin A (as retinol or ,-carotene). The method proposed does not require any pretreatment of the pharmaceutical dosage forms. A gas chromatography determination of ,-TOAc in real samples was also performed for comparison. [source]

A survey of pediatric caudal extradural anesthesia practice

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 9 2009
ROBERT MENZIES MBBS FRCA
Summary Background:, Caudal extradural blockade is one of the most commonly performed procedures in pediatric anesthesia. However, there is little information available on variations in clinical practice. Objectives:, To perform a survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland who undertake caudal anesthesia. Methods:, An ,online' World Wide Web questionnaire collected information on various aspects of clinical practice. The survey ran from April to June 2008. Results:, There were 366 questionnaires completed. The majority of respondents had >5 years of pediatric experience and performed up to ten caudal extradural procedures a month. The commonest device used was a cannula (69.7%) with 68.6% using a 22G device. There was a trend toward the use of a cannula in those anesthetists with <15 years experience, while those with >15 years experience tended to use a needle. Most anesthetists (91.5%) did not believe that there was a significant risk of implantation of dermoid tissue into the caudal extradural space. The majority used a combination of clinical methods to confirm correct placement. Only 27 respondents used ultrasound. The most popular local anesthetics were bupivacaine (43.4%) and levobupivacaine (41.7%). The most common additives were clonidine (42.3%) and ketamine (37.5%). The caudal catheter technique was used by 43.6%. Most anesthetists (74%) wear gloves for a single shot caudal injection. Conclusions:, This survey provides a snapshot of current practice and acts a useful reference for the development of enhanced techniques and new equipment in the future. [source]

Latest news and product developments

PRESCRIBER, Issue 5 2008
Article first published online: 3 APR 200
Newer antidepressants no better than placebo? A new meta-analysis suggests that newer antidepressants are no superior to placebo in most patients with depression , the exception being those with very severe depression, who can expect a small benefit. Writing in the online-only open access journal PLoS Medicine (5:e45.doi:10.1371/ journal.pmed.0050045), researchers from Hull and the US analysed published and unpublished trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration in marketing applications for fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine (Efexor) and nefazodone (no longer available). Using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score as an endpoint, meta-analysis of 35 trials involving 5133 patients and lasting six to eight weeks showed that mean HRSD score improved by 9.6 points with drug treatment and 7.8 with placebo. The authors say the difference of 1.8 was statistically significant but below the criterion for clinical significance (3.0) set by NICE in its clinical guideline on depression. A review of the study by the NHS Knowledge Service (www.nhs.uk) points out that it omits trials published after the drugs were licensed (1999) and those not sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. It did not include any patients with severe depression and only one trial in patients with moderate depression. An earlier US study of data submitted to the FDA (N Eng J Med 2008;358:25260) showed that published trials of antidepressants were more likely to be positive (37/38) than unpublished ones (3/25). Further, FDA analysts concluded that 51 per cent of trials (published and unpublished) demonstrated positive findings compared with 94 per cent of those that were published. Audit reveals variations in hospital psoriasis care There are unacceptably large variations in the quality of care for patients with psoriasis in UK hospitals, a report by the British Association of Dermatologists and the Royal College of Physicians reveals. The audit of 100 hospital units found that 39 per cent restricted access to biological therapies because of cost, and over one-third of pharmacies could not supply ,specials' such as topical coal tar preparations. More positively, the units are adequately resourced to provide timely communication with GPs. RCGP responds to Public Accounts Committee The Royal College of General Practitioners has agreed with the Commons Public Accounts Committee that drug package labelling should include the cost of the medication. The suggestion was made by the Committee in its report Prescribing Costs in Primary Care. While recognising the importance of generic prescribing, the RCGP cautions against frequent medication switches because it may unsettle patients. ,Any changes must be carried out for sound clinical reasons with good communication between GPs and their patients,' it adds. Statins for patients with kidney disease? Statins reduce cardiovascular risk in people with chronic kidney disease, a new study suggests, but their effects on renal function remain unclear (BMJ 2008; published online doi: 10.1136/bmj. 39472.580984.AE). The meta-analysis of 50 trials involving a total of 30 144 patients found that statins reduced lipids and cardiovascular events regardless of the severity of kidney disease. However, all-cause mortality was unaffected and, although proteinuria improved slightly, there was no change in the rate of decline of glomerular filtration rate. An accompanying editorial (BMJ 2008; published online doi:10.1136/ bmj.39483.665139.80) suggests that the indications for statin therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease should be the same as for those with normal renal function. New NICE guidance New clinical guidelines from NICE (see New from NICE, pages 14,15) include the diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care, the care and management of osteoarthritis in adults, and the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In a public health guideline on smoking cessation services, NICE endorses the use of nicotine replacement patches for 12,17 year olds. Suspect additives in children's medicines The Food Commission (www.foodcomm.org.uk) has drawn attention to the presence in children's medicines of food additives it says are linked with hyperactivity. The Commission, a national nonprofit organisation campaigning for ,the right to safe, wholesome food', says that seven common additives (including tartrazine, sodium benzoate and Ponceau 4R) are associated with hyperactivity in susceptible children. Checking the SPCs, it found that 28 of 70 children's medicines , including formulations of paracetamol, ibuprofen, amoxicillin, erythromycin and codeine phosphate throat linctus , contain at least one suspect additive. Digoxin may increase mortality in AF patients An observational study has suggested that digoxin may increase deaths in patients with atrial fibrillation (Heart 2008;94:191,6). The study was a planned subgroup analysis of a trial evaluating anticoagulant therapy in 7329 patients with atrial fibrillation. Of these, 53 per cent were treated with digoxin. Mortality was significantly higher among digoxin users than nonusers (4.22 vs 2.66 per cent per year); myocardial infarction and other vascular deaths (but not stroke, systemic embolic episodes and major bleeding events) were significantly more frequent with digoxin. Poor communications cause readmission Elderly hospital patients are often discharged with inadequate information or arrangements for care, causing almost three-quarters to be readmitted within a week, say investigators from Nottingham (Qual Safety Health Care 2008;17:71,5). Retrospective review of records for 108 consecutive patients aged over 75 found that readmission was related to medication in 38 per cent and, of these, 61 per cent were considered avoidable. Almost two-thirds had no discharge letter or were readmitted before the letter was typed; two-thirds of discharge letters had incomplete documentation of medication changes. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd [source]