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Commercial Development (commercial + development)
Selected AbstractsCOMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON THE INDIGENOUS ESTATE: A PROFIT-RELATED INVESTMENT PROPOSALECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2005Jon Altman This article assesses the state of commercial development and resource management on Indigenous land in remote Australia. Indigenous landowners control significant assets,over one million square kilometres of land,often with substantial resource rights and income earning potential. The inactivity and missed opportunities on the Indigenous estate are of such magnitude as to represent a major risk both for Indigenous landowning communities, in terms of their future economic and social well-being, and for national and international interests in terms of ecological vulnerability. The article explores the role of government as risk manager in such circumstances and outlines the principles that might underpin any intervention program targeted to the commercial development of Indigenous land. Using the analytical framework for profit-related loans and elements of an existing venture capital support programme, the Innovation Investment Fund Program, we outline the hypothetical skeleton of a new investment scheme to assist development and natural resource management on the Indigenous estate. Our proposal can be conceptualised as a profit-related loan scheme or as a form of capped public investment. It seeks to address key elements of the market failure that exists in relation to financing development on remote Indigenous land, provides incentives for greater private sector investment, and ensures that commercial and social risks are shared equitably between government, private sector investors and Indigenous-owned corporations to avoid problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. [source] Commercial developments and their impact on maritime heritage: the Northern Ireland experienceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Brian Williams This paper refers to the body of international, national and regional legislation that exists to protect submerged cultural heritage sites. It advocates the use of the consultation process available through current legislation to protect submerged sites through preservation or through record by archaeological mitigation. It reviews the main types of commercial seabed developments and opens discussion on the appropriate archaeological response. [source] COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON THE INDIGENOUS ESTATE: A PROFIT-RELATED INVESTMENT PROPOSALECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2005Jon Altman This article assesses the state of commercial development and resource management on Indigenous land in remote Australia. Indigenous landowners control significant assets,over one million square kilometres of land,often with substantial resource rights and income earning potential. The inactivity and missed opportunities on the Indigenous estate are of such magnitude as to represent a major risk both for Indigenous landowning communities, in terms of their future economic and social well-being, and for national and international interests in terms of ecological vulnerability. The article explores the role of government as risk manager in such circumstances and outlines the principles that might underpin any intervention program targeted to the commercial development of Indigenous land. Using the analytical framework for profit-related loans and elements of an existing venture capital support programme, the Innovation Investment Fund Program, we outline the hypothetical skeleton of a new investment scheme to assist development and natural resource management on the Indigenous estate. Our proposal can be conceptualised as a profit-related loan scheme or as a form of capped public investment. It seeks to address key elements of the market failure that exists in relation to financing development on remote Indigenous land, provides incentives for greater private sector investment, and ensures that commercial and social risks are shared equitably between government, private sector investors and Indigenous-owned corporations to avoid problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. [source] A question of balance: prioritizing public health responses to harm from gamblingADDICTION, Issue 5 2009Peter J. Adams ABSTRACT Aim To provide an overview on the nature and importance of public health approaches to the global expansion of commercial gambling. Method Three key areas of public health activity are examined: harm minimization, health promotion and the political determinants for change. Findings The rapid proliferation of gambling experienced in many countries is driven by the commercial development of new products orientated around continuous and rapid mass consumption. This is particularly the case with ongoing refinements to electronic gambling machines and the development of new gambling technologies using the internet and mobile telephones. So far responses to negative impacts have, on the whole, focused upon individualized treatment interventions. A public health approach to gambling offers a broad range of strategies to tackle the wider implications of gambling expansion: harm reduction provides evidence-based strategies for managing identifiable harm; health promotion focuses upon communities building their capacity, knowledge and resilience with regard to the attractions of gambling, and action on the political determinants sets out to increase the accountability and reduce the conflicts of interest that influence government resolve in managing their gambling environments. Conclusion In this new environment of mass consumption, efforts in developing treatment responses to problem gambling need to be balanced with, at least, equal efforts in developing public health responses. With the expansion of commercial gambling occurring globally, international agencies could play a critical role in supporting public health initiatives. [source] Innovation Policy and Nanotechnology EntrepreneurshipENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 5 2008Jennifer L. Woolley In this article, we explore the relationship between innovation policy and new venture creation in the United States. Specifically, we examine two components of innovation policy in nanotechnology,science and technology (S&T) initiatives and economic initiatives,and their relationship with the founding of nanotechnology firms. We find strong support relating new firm formation to S&T and economic initiatives. States with both S&T and economic initiatives had six times as many firms founded than those states without such initiatives. We also find evidence of a first-mover advantage as states with the earliest innovation policies had higher rates of related firm foundings over time. These findings suggest that states that are most attractive to entrepreneurs not only pursue technological innovation and provide resources, but also encourage and legitimize commercial development. Implications for public policy makers and scholars are provided. [source] Seigniorial control of villagers' litigation beyond the manor in later medieval England*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 213 2008Chris Briggs Medieval villagers were assiduous users of legal structures in defence of private interests. To enforce contracts against and recover debts from residents of other villages, rural plaintiffs had to prosecute in courts situated beyond the boundaries of their ,home' manors. The ability to sue elsewhere than the local manor court was thus crucial to commercial development in the countryside. This article explores the obstacles to such litigation, challenging the claim that servile villeinage acted to restrict villagers' choice of court. It lays the foundation for a larger investigation into the importance of villagers as civil litigants in ecclesiastical and royal jurisdictions. [source] Commercial considerations in tissue engineeringJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 4 2006Jonathan Mansbridge Abstract Tissue engineering is a field with immense promise. Using the example of an early tissue-engineered skin implant, Dermagraft, factors involved in the successful commercial development of devices of this type are explored. Tissue engineering has to strike a balance between tissue culture, which is a resource-intensive activity, and business considerations that are concerned with minimizing cost and maximizing customer convenience. Bioreactor design takes place in a highly regulated environment, so factors to be incorporated into the concept include not only tissue culture considerations but also matters related to asepsis, scaleup, automation and ease of use by the final customer. Dermagraft is an allogeneic tissue. Stasis preservation, in this case cryopreservation, is essential in allogeneic tissue engineering, allowing sterility testing, inventory control and, in the case of Dermagraft, a cellular stress that may be important for hormesis following implantation. Although the use of allogeneic cells provides advantages in manufacturing under suitable conditions, it raises the spectre of immunological rejection. Such rejection has not been experienced with Dermagraft. Possible reasons for this and the vision of further application of allogeneic tissues are important considerations in future tissue-engineered cellular devices. This review illustrates approaches that indicate some of the criteria that may provide a basis for further developments. Marketing is a further requirement for success, which entails understanding of the mechanism of action of the procedure, and is illustrated for Dermagraft. The success of a tissue-engineered product is dependent on many interacting operations, some discussed here, each of which must be performed simultaneously and well. [source] Polylactide copolymers: Effect of copolymer ratio and end capping on their propertiesADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2005D. M. Bigg Abstract Racemic copolymers of polylactic acid were investigated to determine the effect of copolymer ratio on melting point, degree of crystallinity, mechanical properties, and processing behavior. The copolymer ratio was found to have a strong influence on the crystallization behavior of the polymer. In addition to the ratio of the L -form to a random mixture of the D and L forms of the lactic acid in the copolymer, the effect of the polymer's molecular weight was examined. The copolymers were produced from the lactide form of the monomer to achieve weight average molecular weights above 100,000. The molecular weight had a profound influence on processability and rate of crystallization. Other notable factors influencing the properties and processing of the copolymers were the concentration of residual monomer in the polymer, the processing time-temperature history, and the extent of molecular weight degradation during processing. An important factor in the commercial development of biodegradable polymers is the ability to control the rate of degradation. Ideally, the polymer should not degrade during functional use, but degrade quite rapidly when discarded. This paper discusses various aspects associated with the control of the rate of degradation of polylactide copolymers; both from the perspective of stabilizing the polymer during processing and product use, and subsequently accelerating the rate of degradation after disposal. Of particular interest are the influences of molecular weight, crystallinity, end capping, and plasticization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:69,82, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20032 [source] Applications of novel affinity cassette methods: use of peptide fusion handles for the purification of recombinant proteinsJOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION, Issue 6 2001Milton T W Hearn Abstract In this article, recent progress related to the use of different types of polypeptide fusion handles or ,tags' for the purification of recombinant proteins are critically discussed. In addition, novel aspects of the molecular cassette concept are elaborated, together with areas of potential application of these fundamental principles in molecular recognition. As evident from this review, the use of these concepts provides a powerful strategy for the high throughput isolation and purification of recombinant proteins and their derived domains, generated from functional genomic or zeomic studies, as part of the bioprocess technology leading to their commercial development, and in the study of molecular recognition phenomena per se. In addition, similar concepts can be exploited for high sensitivity analysis and detection, for the characterisation of protein bait/prey interactions at the molecular level, and for the immobilisation and directed orientation of proteins for use as biocatalysts/biosensors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A set of polymorphic microsatellites for Vochysia ferruginea, a promising tree for land reclamation in the NeotropicsMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2002A. J. Lowe Abstract Vochysia ferruginea Mart. (Vochysiaceae) is a gap colonist of Neotropical forest. Because of its high tolerance of low-nutrient acidic conditions and high aluminium and iron concentrations, and its high potential seed and pollen dispersal, it is a promising timber species for commercial development as reclaimed forest on degraded land. We present here primer sequences for 10 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci for use with V. ferruginea to assess fine scale genetic structure and gene flow dynamics. [source] A set of polymorphic microsatellites for Vochysia ferruginea, a promising tree for land reclamation in the NeotropicsMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2002A. J. Lowe Abstract Vochysia ferruginea Mart. (Vochysiaceae) is a gap colonist of Neotropical forest. As a result of its high tolerance of low-nutrient acidic conditions and high aluminium and iron concentrations, and its high potential seed and pollen dispersal, it is a promising timber species for commercial development as regenerated or reclaimed forest on degraded land. We present here the primer sequences for 10 polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci for use with V. ferruginea to assess fine-scale genetic structure and gene flow dynamics. [source] Research to realisation: the challenging path for novel pest management products in AustraliaAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Peter C Gregg Abstract In this Overview, we explore the linkages between basic research and the commercial development of novel pest management products in Australia. Despite the large volume of research in fundamental and applied aspects of entomology, very few new pest management products are developed and commercialised in Australia. Reasons for this include demanding and expensive regulatory requirements which (as in many other countries) mean that commercial development is the province of large multinational agrochemical companies. We describe the Australian regulatory system and the opportunities and difficulties it can present, using examples from recently registered Australian products, Magnet® moth attractant and the MOOV® range of insect repellents. The science behind these products is described in a series of papers in this issue of Australian Journal of Entomology. We also explore some of the commercial imperatives in novel product development, and aspects of the interactions between researchers and commercial partners. Finally, we discuss potential advantages of Australia as a locale for commercial development of novel products. [source] Automated, scalable culture of human embryonic stem cells in feeder-free conditionsBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 6 2009Rob J. Thomas Abstract Large-scale manufacture of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is prerequisite to their widespread use in biomedical applications. However, current hESC culture strategies are labor-intensive and employ highly variable processes, presenting challenges for scaled production and commercial development. Here we demonstrate that passaging of the hESC lines, HUES7, and NOTT1, with trypsin in feeder-free conditions, is compatible with complete automation on the CompacT SelecT, a commercially available and industrially relevant robotic platform. Pluripotency was successfully retained, as evidenced by consistent proliferation during serial passage, expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, TRA1-81, and SSEA-4), stable karyotype, and multi-germlayer differentiation in vitro, including to pharmacologically responsive cardiomyocytes. Automation of hESC culture will expedite cell-use in clinical, scientific, and industrial applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1636,1644. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Sensitivity of the Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii to Transient Hydrodynamic Forces and Cell-Bubble InteractionsBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 6 2007Weiwei Hu The increased interest in the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for human health has resulted in the commercial development of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodiniumcohnii for production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The growing market demand for DHA requires highly efficient, very large scale cultures of DHA. While the effects of hydrodynamic forces on dinoflagellates have been investigated for several decades, the majority of the work focused on the negative effects of oceanic turbulence on the population growth of environmentally important dinoflagellates. In contrast, significantly less is known on the effect of hydrodynamic forces encountered by algae in bioprocesses. Unlike other studies conducted on algae, this study employed a microfluidic, flow contraction device to evaluate the effect of transient hydrodynamic forces on C. cohnii cells. It was found that C. cohnii cells can sustain the energy dissipation rate of 5.8 × 107 W/m3 without lysis. However, an obvious sublethal effect, the loss of flagella, was observed at a lower level of 1.6 × 107 W/m3. Finally the cell-bubble interaction and the effect of bubble rupture were also explored to simulate the conditions of sparged bioreactors. [source] Synergy and Movement within Suburban Mixed-Use Centers: The Toronto ExperienceJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000Pierre Filion The article measures the intensity of interaction between activities within suburban mixed-use centers (also referred to as suburban downtowns or edge cities), and the reliance on walking for intra-center journeys. It examines whether or not these centers are achieving, as intended in planning documents, an inner dynamic that distinguishes them from typical suburban commercial developments. A survey of office workers within the Greater Toronto Area's three most developed suburban mixed-use centers reveals a moderate level of inner synergy (interaction between activities beneficial to all those involved) and of walking for intra-center journeys. The article highlights the advantages of such an inner dynamic for activities located within suburban mixed-use centers. It also points at the surveyed centers' car orientation and the inhospitality of their walking environment to explain why synergy and pedestrian movements are not any higher. This leads to an examination of the advantages that would accrue from a more intense pedestrian-based synergy and of the means of achieving such an outcome. [source] Editorial: Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Enhanced CVDCHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION, Issue 11-12 2005L. Hitchman This is an innovative issue of CVD for it is the first devoted to a single topic: Atmospheric Pressure PECVD (AP-PECVD). A brief overview is given of the subject of AP-PECVD, of the papers in this Special Issue, and of the exciting possibilities for commercial developments of the technology. The Editor highlights future Special Issues that have been commissioned and are in preparation. [source] | ||||||||||||||||