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Combination Test (combination + test)
Selected AbstractsEffectiveness of the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test as a screening test for dementiaPSYCHOGERIATRICS, Issue 1 2009Shinya TAKEDA Abstract Background:, The aged population is increasing worldwide and it is expected that dementia, for which aging is a risk factor, will increase as well. A critical issue then becomes a community's capacity for the early detection of dementia among its senior citizens. In the present paper, we report on the development and potential use of a screening test for dementia that can be administered and assessed easily in a short period of time by non-specialist clinicians and represents no burden for those undergoing the screening. Methods:, Three hundred and sixty senior citizens, over 60 years of age, participated in the study. Of these, 126 had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 60 had vascular dementia (VaD), 41 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 133 were healthy volunteers (control group). A screening test for dementia, which consisted of a colored cards configuration memory task (the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test; TTCC) was examined for sensitivity, specificity, reliability and criterion-related validity. Results:, Sufficient sensitivity and specificity were demonstrated for each clinical group (AD, VaD) and the control group. The sensitivity of the TTCC was 0.94, 0.82, and 0.71 for the AD, VaD, and MCI groups, respectively; specificity was 0.83. In addition, sufficient reliability and validity were established. Administration of the TTCCand assessment procedures required only 1 or 2 min. Conclusion:, Satisfactory sensitivity and specificity were indicated for both the AD and VaD groups, with sufficient reliability and validity also indicated. Thus, the TTCC is an effective dementia screening test. [source] The Investigation on the Value of Repeat and Combination Test of ACA and Anti-,2 -GPI Antibody in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous AbortionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Shi Hua Bao Problem In order to investigate the value of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies detection in screening autoimmune type recurrent spontaneous abortion and its clinic application in antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis, we adopt repeat combined ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies detection in this study. Method of study Sera were collected from patients and work-up was done for detection of ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The work-up was done for detection of antibodies once in every 6 weeks for 14 times consecutively. Results The repeated and combined detection of ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies detection could raise the positivity rate up to 21.8% (P < 0.05) in comparison with positive for ACA alone (14.1%), positive for anti-,2 -GPI alone (3.1%), and concurrently positive for both ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies (4.6%). In 91 confirmed positive antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) patients, with more frequent screening for ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies, more patients with APA were found. The positive rate of five and more screenings was over 81.32%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05), in comparison with that of four or less screenings (68.13%). Conclusion Our data implied that it would be appropriate to take over five or more screenings of combined ACA and anti-,2 -GPI antibodies detection in suspect patients to facilitate the positive diagnostic rate for autoimmune type RSA. [source] Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2005Abdallah F Traboulsi Abstract The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskål were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre,1, respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||