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Colorectal Cancer Incidence (colorectal + cancer_incidence)
Selected AbstractsPesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the agricultural health studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2007Won Jin Lee Abstract We investigated the relationship between agricultural pesticides and colorectal cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. A total of 56,813 pesticide applicators with no prior history of colorectal cancer were included in this analysis. Detailed pesticide exposure and other information were obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed at the time of enrollment (1993,1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2002. A total of 305 incident colorectal cancers (212 colon, 93 rectum) were diagnosed during the study period, 1993,2002. Although most of the 50 pesticides studied were not associated with colorectal cancer risk, chlorpyrifos use showed significant exposure response trend (p for trend = 0.008) for rectal cancer, rising to a 2.7-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.2,6.4) increased risk in the highest exposure category. Aldicarb was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer (p for trend = 0.001), based on a small number of exposed cases, with the highest exposure category resulting in a 4.1-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval: 1.3,12.8). In contrast, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed a significant inverse association with colon cancer but the association was not monotonic. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously since the literature suggesting that pesticides are related to colorectal cancer is limited. Nonetheless the possibility of an association between exposure to certain pesticides and incidence of colorectal cancer among pesticide applicators deserves further evaluation. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Systematic review: molecular chemoprevention of colorectal malignancy by mesalazineALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2010A. LYAKHOVICH Summary Background, Mesalazine (mesalamine) (5-ASA) is considered an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It is well tolerated by most patients and induces mucosal healing specifically in ulcerative colitis. Besides its anti-inflammatory properties, 5-ASA has been studied for cancer inhibitory activities as it seems to reduce colorectal cancer incidence in patients using this drug for long periods of time. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of drug action are vague. Aims, To evaluate known molecular mechanisms of 5-ASA on chemoprevention of colorectal malignancy. Methods, Systematic review with search terms ,5 aminosalicylic acid, mesalazine, 5-ASA, mesalazine, molecular mechanisms, chemoprevention' between 2006 and August 2009. Results, A total of 48 studies were retrieved that link 5-ASA chemopreventive properties to five distinct pathways. These include interference with cell cycle progression (12 references), scavenging of reactive oxygen- or nitrogen-derived metabolites (16 references), TNF-,/TGF-ß signalling (11 references), WNT/,-catenin signalling (5 references) and anti-bacterial properties (4 references). Conclusions, In the recent years, a large amount of molecular data has accumulated supporting the notion that 5-ASA biological effects interfere with colorectal cancer development. These molecular pathways are of special interest in the search for 5-ASA's molecular target(s) and development of novel chemopreventive compounds. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 202,209 [source] Time trends in first-diagnosis rates of colorectal adenomas: a 24-year population-based studyALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 10 2008V. COTTET Summary Background, Little is known about the descriptive epidemiology of colorectal adenomas diagnosed in the population. Aim, To describe time trends in the rate of first diagnosis of colorectal adenomas and estimate the proportion of adenoma-bearing individuals detected over a 24-year period. Methods, A total of 11 027 patients were first-diagnosed with colorectal adenomas among Côte-d'Or residents (France) between 1976 and 1999. Annual percentage changes were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The proportion of diagnosed adenoma-bearing individuals was estimated using the prevalence of adenomas in an autopsy study performed in the area. Results, Standardized diagnosis rates were 89.6/100 000 men and 50.3/100 000 women. During the period 1976,1993, diagnosis rates significantly increased with annual percentage changes in men and women of respectively +17.1% and +22.3% for proximal adenomas, +7.5% and +9.1% for distal adenomas and +7.2% and +8.0% for advanced adenomas. Changes were less marked during the period 1994,1999. The estimated proportion of adenoma-bearing individuals diagnosed during the 24-year period was 20.0% in men and 16.0% in women. Conclusion, Despite a marked increase in the rate of first adenoma diagnosis, the proportion of diagnosed adenoma-bearing individuals seems too low to induce a significant decrease in colorectal cancer incidence. [source] Secular changes in colorectal cancer incidence by subsite, stage at diagnosis, and race/ethnicity, 1992,2001,CANCER, Issue S5 2006Rosemary D. Cress DrPH Abstract BACKGROUND. Cancers of the colon and rectum are the third most common malignancy among males and females in the United States, although incidence and mortality have declined in recent years. We evaluated recent trends in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States by subsite and stage at diagnosis. METHODS. Data for this analysis included all cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed between 1992 and 2001 and reported to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Incidence rates were stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, anatomic subsite, stage at diagnosis, and SEER registry. Trends in incidence over time were measured using the estimated annual percentage change. RESULTS. The study population included 95,539 males and 93,329 females with colorectal cancer. For all 12 SEER registries combined, incidence declined between 1992 and 2001 by 1.2% per year among males and 0.7% per year (not statistically significant) among females. Rates for non-Hispanic whites declined by an average of 1.3% per year for males and 0.6% per year for females. Overall rates for black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic males and females did not change significantly except for a 0.8% decline among Asian/Pacific Islander males. Declines in rates among males and females were most pronounced for tumors of the sigmoid colon. CONCLUSIONS. Colorectal cancer rates decreased in the United States during the 1990s. Decreases were most pronounced among males, among non-Hispanic whites, and for tumors of the sigmoid colon. These reductions are probably dueto the increased use of screening. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||