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Color Range (color + range)
Selected AbstractsNew Shade Guide for Evaluation of Tooth Whitening,Colorimetric StudyJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2007RADE D. PARAVINA DDS ABSTRACT Statement of the Problem:, Available shade guides lack colorimetric uniformity, which compromises the validity of visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy. Purpose:, The objective of this study was to perform a colorimetric analysis of a new shade guide designed primarily for the visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy and to compare this shade guide with two commercial shade guides. Materials and Methods:, Color ranges and color distribution of three shade guides (prototype of the new Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master [BG, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany], value scale of Vitapan Classical [VC, Vita], and color-ordered Trubyte Bioform porcelain shade guide [TB, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA]) were analyzed (N=3). A circular area (d=1.7 mm) on the middle of the labial surface of the tab, excluding the cervical portion, was measured with a spectroradiometer (D65, 2). Whiteness and yellowness indices were computed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD test at a 0.05 level of significance. Results:, The range of color difference (,E*) from the lightest to the darkest tab was 33.8 (BG), 17.1 (VC), and 23.2 (TB). Mean values of ,E* among pairs of adjacent tabs were 3.0 (BG), 4.2 (VC), and 3.3 (TB). BG exhibited the highest R2 values between color coordinate pairs and between whiteness and yellowness indices with the respective color coordinates. Conclusions:, BG exhibited the widest color range and had the most consistent color distribution as compared with the two commercial products. Extension of the lightness range of BG toward higher L* values (bleach shades) was confirmed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A dental shade guide that is colorimetrically uniform might increase the reliability of visual comparisons of tooth whitening efficacy, whereas the inclusion of realistic bleaching shades in the shade guide will complement contemporary esthetic dentistry. (J Esthet Restor Dent 19:276,283, 2007) [source] Fabrication, Optical Modeling, and Color Characterization of Semitransparent Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells in an Inverted StructureADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2010Tayebeh Ameri Abstract Semitransparent inverted organic photodiodes are fabricated with a Baytron PH500 ethylene-glycol layer/silver grid as the top electrode. Reasonable performances are obtained under both rear- and front-side illumination and efficiencies up to 2% are achieved. Some light is shed on visual prospects through optical simulations for a semitransparent device of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the C60 derivative 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C71 (PC70BM) in the inverted structure. These calculations allow the maximum efficiency achievable to be predicted for semitransparent cells based on P3HT:PC70BM versus the transparency perception for a human eye. The simulations suggest that low-bandgap materials such as poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b,]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) have a better potential for semitransparent devices. In addition, the color range recognized by the human eye is predicted by the optical simulation for some semitransparent devices including different active layers. [source] Bis(carbazolyl)benzodifuran: A High-Mobility Ambipolar Material for Homojunction Organic Light-Emitting Diode DevicesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 37 2009Hayato Tsuji A new ambipolar material bis(carbazolyl)benzodifuran (CZBDF) shows well-balanced and high carrier mobilities for both holes and electrons (>10,3,cm2 V,1 s,1). This new material allows us to fabricate efficient p-i-n homojunction OLEDs that emit light across the full visible color range and perform at a level similar to state-of-the-art heterojunction devices. [source] New Shade Guide for Evaluation of Tooth Whitening,Colorimetric StudyJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2007RADE D. PARAVINA DDS ABSTRACT Statement of the Problem:, Available shade guides lack colorimetric uniformity, which compromises the validity of visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy. Purpose:, The objective of this study was to perform a colorimetric analysis of a new shade guide designed primarily for the visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy and to compare this shade guide with two commercial shade guides. Materials and Methods:, Color ranges and color distribution of three shade guides (prototype of the new Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master [BG, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany], value scale of Vitapan Classical [VC, Vita], and color-ordered Trubyte Bioform porcelain shade guide [TB, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA]) were analyzed (N=3). A circular area (d=1.7 mm) on the middle of the labial surface of the tab, excluding the cervical portion, was measured with a spectroradiometer (D65, 2). Whiteness and yellowness indices were computed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD test at a 0.05 level of significance. Results:, The range of color difference (,E*) from the lightest to the darkest tab was 33.8 (BG), 17.1 (VC), and 23.2 (TB). Mean values of ,E* among pairs of adjacent tabs were 3.0 (BG), 4.2 (VC), and 3.3 (TB). BG exhibited the highest R2 values between color coordinate pairs and between whiteness and yellowness indices with the respective color coordinates. Conclusions:, BG exhibited the widest color range and had the most consistent color distribution as compared with the two commercial products. Extension of the lightness range of BG toward higher L* values (bleach shades) was confirmed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A dental shade guide that is colorimetrically uniform might increase the reliability of visual comparisons of tooth whitening efficacy, whereas the inclusion of realistic bleaching shades in the shade guide will complement contemporary esthetic dentistry. (J Esthet Restor Dent 19:276,283, 2007) [source] CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF COLOR IN PROCESSED TOMATO PRODUCTS BY AFRICAN-AMERICAN, LATINO AND PROTOTYPICAL CONSUMERSJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2002KENEKO T. CLAYBON African-American, Latino, and Prototypical consumers rated the color of ketchup, salsa, tomato sauce, pizza sauce, spaghetti sauce, and barbecue sauce. For most products, ethnicity had little influence on acceptance. Prototypical consumers rated products the highest and had the widest preference range. All but one commercially available product was in the acceptable range, but they were not always in the most preferred range. Ketchup was the only product with no commercially available products in the color most preferred by Prototypical and African-American consumers. The leading brand was within the most preferred range for all products and ethnic groups except African-Americans and Prototypical consumers for ketchup and salsa. A peak color acceptance existed for all products: too red or too brown was undesirable. Understanding the optimum color range can help tomato processors increase the quality of their product for all consumers. [source] | ||||||||||