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Colonic Transit Time (colonic + transit_time)
Selected AbstractsStudy on functional constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by using the colonic transit test and anorectal manometryJOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES, Issue 4 2002Li Xing ZHAN OBJECTIVE: To investigate the visceral perception, anorectal pressure and colonic transit time (CTT) in patients with functional constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS), and to study the manometric abnormalities of these two conditions. METHODS: The CTT in patients with functional constipation and C-IBS was studied by using radiopaque markers. Rectal visceral perception thresholds, rectal compliance and anorectal pressure were examined by electric barostat. RESULTS: The CTT in both groups of constipated patients was abnormal. A lot of radiopaque markers remained in the right colon in C-IBS patients, whereas in patients with functional constipation, the radiopaque markers remained in each segment of the colon. The anorectal resting pressure, squeezing pressure and relaxation pressure were normal in both groups. Rectal compliance and defecation thresholds were much higher compared with controls, and the rectal visceral perception of functional constipation was also abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: The motility abnormalities of functional constipation and C-IBS occurred in different colonic segments. Results suggest that CTT measurement and anorectal manometry could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of these two conditions. [source] The effect of naloxone-3-glucuronide on colonic transit time in healthy men after acute morphine administration: a placebo-controlled double-blinded crossover preclinical volunteer studyALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 11-12 2008P. NETZER Summary Background, Constipation is a significant side effect of opioid therapy. We have previously demonstrated that naloxone-3-glucuronide (NX3G) antagonizes the motility-lowering-effect of morphine in the rat colon. Aim, To find out whether oral NX3G is able to reduce the morphine-induced delay in colonic transit time (CTT) without being absorbed and influencing the analgesic effect. Methods, Fifteen male volunteers were included. Pharmacokinetics: after oral administration of 0.16 mg/kg NX3G, blood samples were collected over a 6-h period. Pharmacodynamics: NX3G or placebo was then given at the start time and every 4 h thereafter. Morphine (0.05 mg/kg) or placebo was injected s.c. 2 h after starting and thereafter every 6 h for 24 h. CTT was measured over a 48-h period by scintigraphy. Pressure pain threshold tests were performed. Results, Neither NX3G nor naloxone was detected in the venous blood. The slowest transit time was observed during the morphine phase, which was significantly different from morphine with NX3G and placebo. The pain perception was not significantly influenced by NX3G. Conclusions, Orally administered NX3G is able to reverse the morphine-induced delay of CTT in humans without being detected in peripheral blood samples. Therefore, NX3G may improve symptoms of constipation in-patients using opioid medication without affecting opioid-analgesic effects. [source] The effect of mosapride citrate on proximal and distal colonic motor function in the guinea-pig in vitroNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 2 2008H. S. Kim Abstract, Mosapride citrate (mosapride), a substituted benzamide, is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, and is known to have prokinetic properties on the stomach. However, it is unclear whether mosapride also has a prokinetic effect on the colon. We previously found that mosapride significantly shortened colonic transit time in the guinea-pig, an animal with a distribution of colonic 5-HT4 receptors similar to that of a human. So, we aimed to separately evaluate the effect of mosapride on proximal and distal colonic motor function in the guinea-pig. Proximal (approximately 8 cm from the ileocolic junction) and distal colon (approximately 8 cm from the anus) were removed. Both ends of the colon were connected to a chamber containing a Krebs-Henseleit solution. To measure colonic transit time, artificial faeces were inserted into the oral side of the lumen and moved towards the anal side by intraluminal perfusion via a peristaltic pump. A total of 6 cm of transit was observed and time was measured in 2 cm increments. A tissue bath study, using electrical stimulation, was performed to estimate the contractile activity of the circular musculature of the colon. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-HT4 receptors was performed in the myenteric plexus and circular muscle in both proximal and distal colon, and the stained area was measured using a microscope and computer software. Mosapride enhanced contraction at 10,9 to 10,7 mol L,1, coinciding with rapid transit both in proximal and distal colon. This pattern was more prominent in proximal colon. At the high dose (10,6 mol L,1) mosapride had little or no effect on colonic contraction. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by GR113808, atropine and tetrodotoxin. In the myenteric plexus, the density of 5-HT4 receptors was significantly greater in the proximal colon than in the distal colon, but in circular muscle the density was greater in the distal colon. Thus, mosapride accelerates transit through increased contraction in the proximal colon more than distal colon. The different distribution of neuronal and muscular 5-HT4 receptors may support these findings. Therefore, mosapride may be a useful alternative to tegaserod and cisapride for constipation. [source] Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence alters colorectal transport,,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 6 2008H. B. Michelsen Background: Sacral nerve stimulation reduces the frequency of defaecation in patients with faecal incontinence. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism behind the reduced number of bowel movements in incontinent patients treated with sacral nerve stimulation. Methods: The study included 20 patients with faecal incontinence and a positive percutaneous nerve evaluation test: 19 women and one man, with a median age of 63 (range 28,78) years. Colorectal scintigraphy was performed to assess colorectal emptying at defaecation before and after implantation. Segmental colorectal transit times were determined using radio-opaque markers. Results: The median frequency of defaecation per 3 weeks decreased from 56 (range 19,136) to 26 (range 12,78) (P < 0·002). At defaecation, antegrade transport from the ascending colon decreased from a median score of 8 (range 0,23) to 0 (range 0,11) per cent (P = 0·001), while retrograde transport from the descending colon increased from a median score of 0 (range 0,14) to 2 (range 0,30) per cent (P = 0·039). The median defaecation score was unchanged. There was a non-significant increase in median total gastrointestinal transit time from 2·5 (range 0·9,6·2) to 3·3 (range 0·8,6·2) days (P = 0·079). Conclusion: Sacral nerve stimulation reduces antegrade transport from the ascending colon and increases retrograde transport from the descending colon at defaecation. This may prolong colonic transit time and increase the storage capacity of the colon. Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Segmental colonic transit studies: comparison of a radiological and a scintigraphic methodCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 4 2007E. Lundin Abstract Objective, Colonic transit studies are used to diagnose slow transit constipation (STC) and to evaluate segmental colonic transit before segmental or subtotal colectomy. The aim of the study was to compare a single X-ray radio-opaque marker method with a scintigraphic technique to assess total and segmental colonic transit in patients with STC. Method, Thirty-one female patients (median age 46 years) with severe constipation and a prolonged or borderline prolonged colonic transit time on radio-opaque marker study were included in the study. They were subsequently investigated with 111Indium-DTPA colonic transit scintigraphy, with a median time between the investigations of 4(range 1,27) months. Normal values of healthy female controls were used for comparison. Results, There was no difference between the two methods in terms of prolonged or normal total colonic transit time. Twenty-nine of 31 female patients had a prolonged transit time only in one or two segments on the marker study. On scintigraphy, the transit time was prolonged for patients in the left (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but not in the right colon. With respect to prolonged or normal segmental transit time, there was a significant difference between the two methods only in the descending colon (P = 0.02). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients. Conclusion, Segmental colonic delay was a common finding. The two methods gave similar results for groups of patients, except in the descending colon. The variation of the results for individuals suggests that a repeated transit test may improve the assessment of total and segmental transit. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||