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Colloid Osmotic Pressure (colloid + osmotic_pressure)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Parenteral Nutrition Components and Intravenous Fluids

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 4 2001
Daniel L. Chan DVM
Abstract Objective:Parenteral nutrition is an important part of therapy for critically ill animals that cannot tolerate enteral feedings. It has been hypothesized that parenteral nutrition might also play a role in increasing colloid osmotic pressure (COP). The purpose of this study was to measure COP of various parenteral nutrition components and compare them to the COP of commonly used intravenous solutions. Design:Membrane colloid osmometry was used to measure the COP of parenteral nutrition components (lipids, Abstractamino acids, dextrose solutions) and of synthetic colloids, crystalloids, and blood products. Main Results:Parenteral nutrition components and all crystalloid solutions had COP measurements < 1 mm Hg. Great variation in COP was found in the different artificial colloids and blood products. The COP of the artificial colloids tested ranged from 32.7 ± 0.2 mm Hg for hetastarch to 61.7 ± 0.5 mm Hg for dextran 70. Conclusions:The results of this in vitro study suggest that parenteral nutrition does not directly contribute to an increase in oncotic pressure. Further studies are needed to determine whether parenteral nutrition may indirectly influence COP in vivo. Knowing the COP of a fluid, along with its other properties, is useful in making appropriate therapeutic decisions. [source]

Editorial: The Case for Measuring Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2000
Randolph H. Stewart DVM
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Circulation in normal and inflamed dental pulp

ENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2007
ELLEN BERGGREEN
In the pulp, arteries branch into a capillary network before they leave the pulp as venules through the apical foramina. The tissue has low compliance, as it is enclosed in dentin, and has a relatively high blood flow and blood volume. The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and colloid osmotic pressure are relatively high whereas the net driving blood pressure is low. The high pulsatile IFP is probably the major force for propelling lymph in the dental pulp. Vasodilation in neighboring tissue as well as arteriovenous (AV) shunts in the pulp itself can contribute to a fall in total and coronal pulpal blood flow, respectively. The pulp blood flow is under nervous, humoral, and local control. Inflammatory vascular responses, vasodilation, and increased vessel permeability induce an increase in IFP that can be followed by a temporarily impaired blood flow response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacteria may cause endothelial activation in the pulp, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced vascular perfusion. Lymphatic vessels are identified with specific lymphatic markers in the pulp but so far, little is known about their function. Because of the special circulatory conditions in the pulp, there are several clinical implications that need to be considered in dental treatment. Received 13 February 2009; accepted 28 August 2009. [source]

Fluid therapy and the use of albumin in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2009
M. RODLING WAHLSTRÖM
Background: Evidence-based guidelines for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) do not include strategies for fluid administration. The protocol used in this study includes albumin administration to maintain normal colloid osmotic pressure and advocates a neutral to slightly negative fluid balance. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of organ failure and the mortality in patients with severe TBI treated by a protocol that includes defined strategies for fluid therapy. Methods: Ninety-three patients with severe TBI and Glasgow Coma Score,8 were included during 1998,2001. Medical records of the first 10 days were retrieved. Organ dysfunction was evaluated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Mortality was assessed after 10 and 28 days, 6 and 18 months. Results: The total fluid balance was positive on days 1,3, and negative on days 4,10. The crystalloid balance was negative from day 2. The mean serum albumin was 38±6 g/l. Colloids constituted 40,60% of the total fluids given per day. Furosemide was administered to 94% of all patients. Severe organ failure defined as SOFA,3 was evident only for respiratory failure, which was observed in 29%. None developed renal failure. After 28 days, mortality was 11% and, after 18 months, it was 14%. Conclusions: A protocol including albumin administration in combination with a neutral to a slightly negative fluid balance was associated with low mortality in patients with severe TBI in spite of a relatively high frequency (29%) of respiratory failure, assessed with the SOFA score. [source]

Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Parenteral Nutrition Components and Intravenous Fluids

Microvascular Solute and Water Transport

MICROCIRCULATION, Issue 1 2005
FITZ-ROY E. CURRY
ABSTRACT Objective: This review evaluate [1] the regulation of water and solute transport across the endothelial barrier in terms of pore theory and the glycocalyx-junction-break model of capillary permeability; and [2] the mechanisms regulating permeability based on experiments using cultured endothelial cells and intact microvessels. Conclusions: The current form of the glycocalyx-junction-break model of capillary permeability describes the selectivity of the capillary wall (pore size) in terms of the space between the fibers of a quasi-periodic matrix on the endothelial cell surface and the area for exchange (pore number) in terms of the length and frequency of breaks in the tight junction strands. An independent test of this model in a range of mammalian microvascular beds is new experimental evidence that the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma proteins is developed across the glycocalyx, not across the whole microvessel wall. We are beginning to understand that endothelial cells may change their phenotype in response to physical and chemical stresses. Such changes in phenotype may explain changes in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in intact microvessels that have previously been exposed to injury and differences in the regulation of contractile mechanisms between endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. [source]

Temperature-related fluid extravasation during cardiopulmonary bypass: An analysis of filtration coefficients and transcapillary pressures

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2002
J. K. Heltne
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as used for cardiac surgery and for rewarming individuals suffering deep accidental hypothermia is held responsible for changes in microvascular fluid exchange often leading to edema and organ dysfunction. The purpose of this work is to improve our understanding of fluid pathophysiology and to explore the implications of the changes in determinants of transcapillary fluid exchange during CPB with and without hypothermia. This investigation might give indications on where to focus attention to reduce fluid extravasation during CPB. Methods: Published data on "Starling variables" as well as reported changes in fluid extravasation, tissue fluid contents and lymph flow were analyzed together with assumed/estimated values for variables not measured. The analysis was based on the Starling hypothesis where the transcapillary fluid filtration rate is given by: JV=Kf[Pc,Pi,,(COPp,COPi)]. Here Kf is the capillary filtration coefficient, , the reflection coefficient, P and COP are hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures, and subscript ,c' refers to capillary, ,i` to the interstitium and `p' to plasma. Results and conclusion: The analysis indicates that attempts to limit fluid extravasation during normothermic CPB should address primarily changes in Kf, while changes in both Kf and Pc must be considered during hypothermic CPB. [source]