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Code Development (code + development)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering75%

Selected Abstracts

Introductory review on object oriented paradigm for full-wave microwave CAD

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2002
G. Liotta
Abstract Object oriented (OO) techniques are proving useful in software engineering for dealing with complex systems and for increasing the ease of code development and maintainability. However, their application to electromagnetic modeling is still in its infancy. A brief introduction for microwave engineers to OO paradigms is made. A review of the state of the art in OO full-wave electromagnetic modeling is made, an illustrative example is shown, and likely future trends are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 341,353, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce10031 [source]

Operating room nurses' perceptions of the effects of physician-perpetrated abuse

INTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 3 2010
B.L. Higgins rn
HIGGINS B.L. & MACINTOSH J. (2010) Operating room nurses' perceptions of the effects of physician-perpetrated abuse. International Nursing Review57, 321,327 Background:, Operating room (OR) nurses experience abuse perpetrated by physicians; however, little research has been conducted to examine nurses' perceptions of the effects of such abuse. Aims:, The aim of this research was to understand participants' perceptions of physician-perpetrated abuse on their health and ability to provide patient care. Materials/Methods:, In this qualitative descriptive study, ten operating room nurses working in Eastern Canada participated in open-ended, individual audiotaped interviews that were transcribed for analysis using Boyatzis' method for code development. Results:, Three categories of factors contributing to abuse were developed. The first, culture of the OR, included environment and hierarchy. The second, catalysts of abuse, included nurses' positions and experience as well as non-nurse factors such as resources and interpersonal relationships among physicians. The third category, perceived effects, included psychological, physical and social health consequences for nurses. Effects on patient care consisted of safety and potential challenges to access. Discussion:, Nursing practice implications included mentoring, support and accountability for action. Educational implications related to interdisciplinary education and increased education on communication, assertiveness, and awareness of abuse. Implications for research included studying perceptions of other health-care providers including physicians, studying recruitment and retention in relation to abuse, and studying other abuse in health care such as horizontal violence. Conclusion:, We suggest a proactive approach for empowering OR nurses to address abuse and an increased focus on interdisciplinary roles. [source]

Das Magnitude 8.8 Maule (Chile)-Erdbeben vom 27.

BAUTECHNIK, Issue 8 2010
Februar 2010, Ingenieuranalyse der Erdbebenschäden
Das Maule (Chile)-Erdbeben vom 27. Februar 2010 gehört zu den stärksten, weltweit jemals registrierten Erdbeben. Die Bruchzone erstreckt sich über eine Länge von 500 km und eine Breite von 100 km, so dass acht Millionen Einwohner Chiles von dem Erdbeben mehr oder weniger direkt von den Schütterwirkungen betroffen waren. Bilder von spektakulären Schadensfällen aus der ca. 330 km entfernten Hauptstadt prägten die internationale Berichterstattung. Das seismische Ereignis löste einen Tsunami aus, der verheerende Schäden an der Küste Chiles verursachte und auch an den Küsten Hawaiis noch deutlich wahrgenommen werden konnte. Die seismischen Bodenbewegungen wurden bis ins Nachbarland Argentinien verspürt. Die Stärke des Bebens und ereignisspezifische Besonderheiten waren Motivation, im Rahmen einer Erkundungsmission der Ingenieurgruppe der Deutschen TaskForce Erdbeben im betroffenen Gebiet die Bauwerksschäden aufzunehmen und ihre regionale Verteilung zu dokumentieren. In fünf temporär, mit Starkbeben-Sensoren instrumentierten Gebäuden konnten mehrere Nachbeben aufgezeichnet werden, deren Beschleunigungsamplituden für allgemeine Hochbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten von Interesse bzw. maßgeblich wären. Die vorliegenden Messdaten ermöglichen die Interpretation der realen Gebäudereaktion und können in Folgeuntersuchungen zur Kalibrierung analytischer Modelle herangezogen werden. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Eindruck von den erdbebenbedingten Schäden und soll das Verhalten der typischen Bauweisen unter diesen extremen Einwirkungen aufzeigen, das vor Ort festgestellte geringe Schadensausmaß durch die Umsetzung von Baunormen und darin verankerten Bemessungskonzepten erklären und letztlich die Übertragbarkeit dieser Beobachtungen auf andere Erdbebenregionen hinterfragen. In einem Folgebeitrag [1] werden die Schäden aus dem Tsunami einer Ingenieuranalyse unterzogen und die wesentlichen Wirkungsmechanismen bzw. einfachen baulichen Schutzmaßnahmen herausgearbeitet. The Magnitude 8.8 Maule (Chile) Earthquake of February 27, 2010 , Engineering analysis of earthquake damage. The Maule (Chile) February 27, 2010 Earthquake is regarded as one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded world-wide. The rupture zone reached a length of about 500 km and a width of about 100 km; almost 8 million inhabitants were directly affected by the consequences of the earthquake. Photos from spectacular failure cases in the Capital (330 km away) were documented across the world and dominated the international reporting. The seismic event triggered a tsunami which caused serious damage alongside the coastal border; the waves were observed in the far-distant Hawaii Islands, too. The seismic ground motions were felt in the neighboring country Argentina, as well. The strength of the earthquake and the event-specific characteristics motivated the "Engineering Group of the German Task Force for earthquake" to analyze the building damage and to document their regional distribution. Five multi-storey RC structures were temporarily equipped with Strong-Motion sensors. Several aftershocks could be recorded; the peak acceleration amplitudes were in a level which was of interest for buildings in highest zone of German earthquake regions. In a first attempt, the measurements are used to interpret the response of real buildings in both horizontal directions; in ongoing studies data are used for the calibration of analytical models. The paper provides an overview of the earthquake induced damages in several building types and its variation within different structural systems. Reasons of low to moderate observed damage will be discussed in close relation to the code development and the preferred design concepts. The application of observed effects and derived lessons to other seismic regions is critically reviewed. In a subsequent paper [1] the damage caused by the tsunami is investigated in more detail. The engineering analysis will include the currently used models for the impact description and will elaborate simple, but quite efficient measures of protection. [source]

Uniform hazard versus uniform risk bases for performance-based earthquake engineering of light-frame wood construction

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 11 2010
Yue Li
Abstract This paper investigates the implications of designing for uniform hazard versus uniform risk for light-frame wood residential construction subjected to earthquakes in the United States. Using simple structural models of one-story residences with typical lateral force-resisting systems (shear walls) found in buildings in western, eastern and central regions of the United States as illustrations, the seismic demands are determined using nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses, whereas the collapse capacities are determined using incremental dynamic analyses. The probabilities of collapse, conditioned on the occurrence of the maximum considered earthquakes and design earthquakes stipulated in ASCE Standard 7-05, and the collapse margins of these typical residential structures are compared for typical construction practices in different regions in the United States. The calculated collapse inter-story drifts are compared with the limits stipulated in FEMA 356/ASCE Standard 41-06 and observed in the recent experimental testing. The results of this study provide insights into residential building risk assessment and the relation between building seismic performance implied by the current earthquake-resistant design and construction practices and performance levels in performance-based engineering of light-frame wood construction being considered by the SEI/ASCE committee on reliability-based design of wood structures. Further code developments are necessary to achieve the goal of uniform risk in earthquake-resistant residential construction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]