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Coalitions
Kinds of Coalitions Terms modified by Coalitions Selected AbstractsCOALITIONS AMONG INTELLIGENT AGENTS: A TRACTABLE CASECOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 1 2006M. V. Belmonte Coalition formation is an important mechanism for cooperation in multiagent systems. In this paper we address the problem of coalition formation among self-interested agents in superadditive task-oriented domains. We assume that each agent has some "structure," i.e., that it can be described by the values taken by a set of m nonnegative attributes that represent the resources w each agent is endowed with. By defining the coalitional value as a function V of w, we prove a sufficient condition for the existence of a stable payment configuration,in the sense of the core,in terms of certain properties of V. We apply these ideas to a simple case that can be described by a linear program and show that it is possible to compute for it,in polynomial time,an optimal task allocation and a stable payment configuration. [source] INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MOBILITY AND TRADE POLITICS: CAPITAL FLOWS, POLITICAL COALITIONS, AND LOBBYINGECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 3 2004Michael J. Hiscox Conventional wisdom holds that increasing international capital mobility reduces incentives for firms to lobby for trade protection. This paper argues that the effects of increased international capital mobility on the lobbying incentives of firms depend critically upon levels of inter-industry mobility. General-equilibrium analysis reveals that if capital is highly industry-specific, greater international mobility among some types of specific capital may increase lobbying incentives for owners of other specific factors and thereby intensify industry-based rent-seeking in trade politics. Evidence on levels of inward and outward investment in US manufacturing industries between 1982 and 1996, and on industry lobbying activities, indicate that these effects may be quite strong. [source] COALITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Issue 3 2008MARKO LINDROOS Abstract We show that with symmetric agents, noncooperation is the only stable coalition structure in a fishery with more than two countries. In the case of asymmetric fishing nations, partial or full cooperation may be stable even if the number of countries exceeds two. These are important results for recent fisheries economics papers that have not allowed for coalition formation. As an example how of one can use the model, we study the problem of new entrants into Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). We show that depending on the economic structure of the fishery, new entrants may make cooperation more difficult or easier. [source] Evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence?DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 4 2007The role of evidence in the development, implementation of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative Abstract Issues. Evidence-based policy is promoted as the ideal in drug policy, yet public policy theorists suggest that policy-based evidence may be a more fitting analogy, where evidence is used selectively to support a predetermined policy direction. Approach. The following paper assesses the resonance of this notion to the development of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative (IDDI), an apparently pragmatic reform adopted in Australia in 1999 through the Federal Coalition ,Tough on Drugs' strategy. It utilises interviews with key informants from the Australian drug policy arena conducted in 2005 to assess the role of evidence in the design and implementation of the IDDI. Key Findings. The current paper shows that while policy-makers were generally supportive of the IDDI and viewed drug diversion as a more pragmatic response to drug users, they contend that implementation has suffered through a selective and variable emphasis upon evidence. Most notably, the IDDI is not premised upon best-practice objectives of reducing harm from drug use, but instead on ,Tough on Drugs' objectives of reducing drug use and crime. Implications. This paper contends that policy-based evidence may facilitate the adoption of pragmatic reforms, but reduce the capacity for effective reform. It therefore has both functional and dysfunctional elements. Conclusion. The paper concludes that greater attention is needed to understanding how to mesh political and pragmatic objectives, and hence to maximise the benefits from policy-based evidence. [Hughes CE. Evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence? The role of evidence in the development and implementation of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007;26:363,368] [source] Coalition of Distinguished Language Centers Holds First SymposiumFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 2 2003Article first published online: 31 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Track three diplomacy and human rights in Southeast Asia: the Asia Pacific Coalition for East TimorGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 1 2002Herman Joseph S. Kraft Transnational networks of non-government organizations are increasingly becoming a fixture in international relations, particularly their contribution to traditional notions of diplomacy and its objectives. Less noticed, however, is the involvement of transnational NGO networks in alternative channels for diplomatic exchange, which have been referred to as ,track three diplomacy'. Described as a form of civil society that transcends borders and nationalities, track three networks and activities involve NGO networks that are movement based, and concerned primarily with raising public consciousness over issues. While their direct influence on formal processes of foreign policy-making has been limited, they have contributed to expanding both the scope of debate in international relations and the breadth of participation in those debates. Track three networks provide a forum for those communities marginalized by an international system that gives primacy of place to states and their officially-declared concerns. Their impact is limited, however, by their lack of institutionalization and their reluctance to cooperate with government agencies , an issue that goes towards both their effectiveness and their identity in the long-term. [source] Balancing Acts: Dynamics of a Union Coalition in a Labor Management PartnershipINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2008ADRIENNE E. EATON This paper analyzes the experience of a set of unions that formed a coalition to engage in coordinated bargaining and to build and sustain a labor management partnership with Kaiser Permanente, a large healthcare provider and insurer. We use qualitative and quantitative data, including member and leader surveys, to explore the experience of the coalition in confronting five key challenges identified through theory and prior research on such partnerships. We find that the coalition has been remarkably successful, under difficult circumstances, in achieving institutional growth for its member unions and in balancing traditional and new union roles and communicating with members. The unions have been less successful in increasing member involvement. [source] Iraq: The Military CampaignINTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2003Timothy Garden This article draws together early military implications of a campaign where intensive operations lasted barely a month. The deeper insights will need much more time for the post operations reports to be written, detailed battle assessments to be made, and the key decision-makers to record their thinking. As far as is possible, the article deals with the purely military aspects of the campaign. The promise of a decade of development of high technology air power was expected by some to show a new way of fighting wars. The evidence from the campaign appears to give a more mixed message. Certainly, a higher proportion of air weapons was guided in this conflict than in any previous war. Strategic intelligence appears to have been less accurate than had been expected. The unexpected initial resistance by Iraqi forces, followed by later capitulation, required flexible coalition operations. The spectre of the use of chemical and biological weapons proved unfounded. The effectiveness of special operations will be one area for deeper study. The media strategy will need reviewing for future operations. At this stage, the article does no more than record the sequence of events, make broad judgements about the strategic and tactical approaches of both the Coalition and Iraqi forces, and highlights areas where further investigation may be useful to draw firmer conclusions. [source] Consensus Statement on Improving the Quality of Mental Health Care in U.S. Nursing Homes: Management of Depression and Behavioral Symptoms Associated with DementiaJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2003American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, American Geriatrics Society The American Geriatrics Society and American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Expert Panel on Quality Mental Health Care in Nursing Homes developed this consensus statement. The following organizations were represented on the expert panel and have reviewed and endorsed, the consensus statement: Alzheimer's Association, American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging, American College of Health Care Administrators, American Geriatrics Society, American Health Care Association, American Medical Directors Association, American Society on Aging, American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, Gerontological Society of America, National Association of Directors of Nursing Administration in Long-Term Care, National Citizen's Coalition for Nursing Home Reform, National Conference of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners. The following organizations were also represented on the expert panel and reviewed and commented on the consensus statement: American Psychiatric Association: Council on Aging, American Psychological Association. [source] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Diagnosis and managementJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 3 2007Acute, CCRN (Adjunct Faculty, Charles A. Downs MSN, Continuing Care Nurse Practitioner Program, Nurse Practitioner) Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current modalities employed in diagnosing and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Special emphasis is placed on current guidelines, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Data source: A comprehensive literature review for COPD serves as the basis for this article. Conclusions: According to the National COPD Coalition (2004), there are nearly 24 million Americans who suffer from COPD. The incidence of COPD is rising globally and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. COPD is characterized by progressive decline in function, resulting in concomitant diseases, which increase healthcare dollar expenditures, thus making COPD a concern for healthcare providers in the United States and abroad. Implications for practice: Once a diagnosis of COPD is made, healthcare providers should explore multiple treatment options in an effort to find the most beneficial regimen. It is only when the treatments are individualized, including physiological therapies and cognitive approaches to lessen risks as well as to reduce exacerbations, that the patient with COPD is able to potentially experience a reasonable quality of life. [source] Black Like This: Race, Generation, and Rock in the Post-Civil Rights EraAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2000Maureen Mahon In this article, I demonstrate that the intersection of race, class, generation, and education had a decisive impact on African American rock musicians who came of age during the post-civil rights era from the late 1960s to the present. By analyzing life stories, I connect rock musicians' experiences with school desegregation to the position they occupy between black and white mainstreams and discuss how they critique discourses of black authenticity through the identities and practices they have produced as members of the Black Rock Coalition. I also consider the effects of racism and racializing discourses on this group of African Americans. [African American identity, music, black middle class, race and class, generation, life stories, United States] [source] Chapter 7.,The Lords, the Coalition and the India Bill, 1780,4PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY, Issue 2009Article first published online: 11 SEP 200 First page of article [source] Explaining the 2005 Coalition Formation Process in Germany: A Comparison of Power Index and Median Legislator ApproachesPOLITICS, Issue 3 2006Charles Lees The article uses data from the 2005 German Bundestag elections to test the power index (PI) and median legislator (ML) models of coalition formation. The article finds that, while the PI approach is successful in predicting the real-world formation of a Grand Coalition after the election, neither model is sufficient to explain the outcome of the coalition formation process. Nevertheless, the article argues that such formal models are useful in identifying ,crucial cases' and in eliminating irrelevant data from explanations. The article concludes by suggesting some methodological routes through which formal models can be harnessed to culturally sensitive, inductive research. [source] Bringing psychological science to the forefront of educational policy: Collaborative efforts of the American Psychological Association's Coalition for Psychology in the Schools and EducationPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 3 2008Stephen A. Rollin The following article details the work of the American Psychological Association's (APA's) Coalition for Psychology in the Schools and Education (CPSE). First, a brief history of the background and creation of the coalition is described. The article then details the projects, completed and ongoing, of the CPSE. Those projects include a Teacher Needs Survey, the work of the Applications of Psychological Science to Teaching and Learning Task Force, and work in education advocacy and on the Higher Education Act. The article concludes with details regarding the composition of the CPSE and specifics regarding the APA divisions represented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Coalition: A new era in British politicsPUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010Rick Muir Rick Muir assesses what the first peace-time coalition government since the 1930s could mean for Britain. [source] Class and the Color Line: Interracial Class Coalition in the Knights of Labor and the Populist Movement by Joseph GerteisTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 1 2009Arthur G. Neal No abstract is available for this article. [source] Availability of Diagnostic and Treatment Services for Acute Stroke in Frontier Counties in Montana and Northern WyomingTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2006Nicholas J. Okon DO ABSTRACT:,Context: Rapid diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke can lead to improved patient outcomes. Hospitals in rural and frontier counties, however, face unique challenges in providing diagnostic and treatment services for acute stroke. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the availability of key diagnostic technology and programs for acute stroke evaluation and treatment in Montana and northern Wyoming. Methods: In 2004, hospital medical directors or their designees were mailed a survey about the availability of diagnostic technology, programs, and personnel for acute stroke care. Findings: Fifty-eight of 67 (87%) hospitals responded to the survey. Seventy-nine percent (46/58) of responding hospitals were located in frontier counties, with an average bed size of 18 (11 SD). Of the hospitals in frontier counties, 44% reported emergency medical services prehospital stroke identification programs, 39% had 24-hour computed tomography capability, 44% had an emergency department stroke protocol, and 61% had a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator protocol. Thirty percent of hospitals in frontier counties reported that they met 6-10 of the criteria established by the Brain Attack Coalition to improve acute stroke care compared to 67% of hospitals in the nonfrontier counties. Conclusion: A stroke network model could enhance care and improve outcomes for stroke victims in frontier counties. [source] Coalition for the Times or for All Time?: Responding to the Terrorist ChallengeTHE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Issue 2 2002Edward A. Kolodziej [source] Unions without Borders: Organizing and Enlightening Immigrant Farm WorkersANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 2 2009David Griffith Abstract Farm workers pose special problems for union organizing due to their legal status, their high rates of turnover, their employment through subcontracts, and the temporary and seasonal dimensions of farm work. Yet by organizing farm workers, unions have developed and refined strategies that point to methods of meeting the challenges of contemporary work environments in and out of agriculture. This includes organizing workers across fragmented space, whether transnational or transregional, and organizing workers who are sifted into production regimes via subcontractual relationships. This paper examines two farm worker unions , the Farm Labor Organizing Committee and the Coalition of Immokalee Workers , in terms of their successes and failures with farm labor organizing. It finds that boycotts, the use of fine arts, balancing local and transnational interests, and building relationships based on confianza (trust) are critical to the formation and maintenance of effective union organization. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 23, Number 2.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 2 2007April 200 Front cover caption, volume 23 issue 2 Front cover ,The greatest predators on earth', writes the anthropologist Alan Macfarlane in his advice to his granddaughter, Letters to Lucy: On how the world works (Profile Books), ,munch their way through the animal kingdom. We are caught in a dilemma. For we are a meat-eating species, which gains much of its protein from consuming other animals. It is almost impossible to imagine that we will change, but we may, with sufficient will, find ways to minimise the pain we inflict on our fellow species.' Our front cover photo is taken from a publicity poster produced by SARC, the Southern Animal Rights Coalition, which is organizing the Southampton Cruelty Free Festival on 12 May (see www.crueltyfreefestival.com). In this issue of ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Jonathan Benthall asks why it is that, while anthropologists have studied most other social movements including environmentalism, little attention has been focused on the animal liberation and rights movement. The movement is underpinned by serious philosophical reflection and by its acknowledgment of Darwinism. This suggests that the shock caused by Darwin's discoveries is still being worked through nearly a century and a half later. Benthall's guest editorial outlines the ideological manifestations of the movement and also considers the implications of taking it seriously. Macfarlane's view, meanwhile, is that ,perhaps it will not be until some new and superior species emerges on earth, some computerised android, which breeds humans in tiny cages, force-feeds them, drains their bile, eats them, that we will seriously begin to crusade for the abolition of animal-on-animal cannibalism.' [source] Holt, Johnson and the 1966 Federal Election.AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 3 2001A Question of Causality US President Lyndon Johnson's state visit to Australia in October 1966, came at the pinnacle of support for Australia's military involvement in the Vietnam War. Johnson's visit also occurred just weeks before an election for the House of Representatives at which the ruling Liberal-Country Party Coalition won its eighth successive, and largest victory. The proximity of these events has led many to argue that a causal relationship exists between the two. Advocates of this thesis, however, have failed to support their position with any evidence other than the anecdotal. Contrary to the assertions made by numerous political historians and observers of the period, this paper finds no evidence to support a thesis of causality. This paper argues that the Coalition's landslide victory in 1966 was both a rejection of the tired and lacklustre leadership of Labor's Arthur Calwell and a measure of the electorate's overwhelming support for Holt and his Government's policies of conscription and military involvement in Vietnam. [source] Prospects for the Two-party System in a Pluralising Political WorldAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2002Andrew Norton Political commentators argue that the major political parties are in decline. This article sets out evidence for this view: minor parties and independents securing 20 percent of the vote at federal elections, declining strength of voters' party identification, and issue movements playing a large role in setting the political agenda. Possible causes for these trends range from the political, such as policy failure, undermining traditional constituencies, and ignoring public opinion, to sociological forces, such as postmaterialism, individualism and serious disaffection. However, the article argues Labor and the Coalition will be the dominant political players for the foreseeable future. In most lower houses, the electoral system favours the major parties which on balance is a good thing. The major parties have taken concerns of interest groups into account, while balancing these against majority opinion. They simplify choice for an electorate only moderately interested in politics, and can be held accountable in a way minor parties and independents cannot. [source] Coalition of American Societies for AnatomyCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 2 2004Clinical Anatomy, Stephen Carmichael Editor-in-Chief No abstract is available for this article. [source] Militarization of the Market and Rent-Seeking Coalitions in TurkeyDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2005rat Demir This article analyses the role of historically-determined institutional and political characteristics in determining both the nature of the adjustment process, and its economic and political outcomes, in Turkey. In particular, the author explores the degree to which the formation of rent-seeking coalitions has contributed to the failure of neo-liberal economic reforms in the country. The analysis suggests that the Turkish experience since the early 1980s offers a unique case for studying the relationships between the state bureaucracy, the military, the business sector, civil society, and international economic actors. Unlike previous research in this area, this article focuses especially on the role of the military as an interest group in the process of economic liberalization in Turkey. [source] ,New Green' Pragmatism in Germany , Green Politics beyond the Social Democratic Embrace?1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2004Ingolfur Blühdorn Coalitions with left-of-centre parties have traditionally been regarded as the only viable option for Green parties that have shed their stance of radical opposition. The German Greens are investigated as a case study putting this assumption into doubt. Historical analysis of their relationship with the Social Democratic Party reveals how they slipped into life-threatening dependency on the latter. A survey of consecutive reinterpretations of the positioning formula ,Neither right, nor left but ahead' maps the struggle for an independent Green identity. An appraisal of recent debates about Conservative, Green alliances investigates the basis for Green coalition politics beyond the Social Democratic embrace. [source] Coalitions of arguments: A tool for handling bipolar argumentation frameworks,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2010Claudette Cayrol Bipolar argumentation frameworks enable to represent two kinds of interaction between arguments: support and conflict. In this paper, we turn a bipolar argumentation framework into a meta-argumentation framework where conflicts occur between sets of arguments, characterized as coalitions of supporting arguments. So, Dung's well-known semantics can be used on this meta-argumentation framework to select the acceptable arguments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Partnerships versus Regimes: Why Regime Theory Cannot Explain Urban Coalitions in the UKJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2003Jonathan S. Davies Regime theory, as developed by Elkin and Stone, neither describes nor explains the contrasting forms of collaboration in the UK. The development of urban regeneration partnerships has been driven by a combination of two main factors: the development of an ideological perception within local government elites that urban regeneration depends on market led growth, and a series of central government regeneration initiatives. These initiatives, designed to encourage, and where necessary coerce, local authorities into cooperative arrangements have resulted in highly bureaucratized, but symbolic, partnerships with local business elites. Business activity in these partnerships thus far has been marginal. It is unlikely to be fruitful, therefore, for scholars to seek Stonean regimes in the UK. On the other hand, to describe such partnerships as regimes is misleading and results in a lack of conceptual clarity. Despite the fashion for copying urban policy from the US, the institutions of urban politics in the UK are likely to remain resolutely different. [source] Constructing Reform Coalitions: The Politics of Compensations in Argentina's Economic LiberalizationLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 3 2001Sebastián Etchemendy ABSTRACT It is frequently argued that the key to "successful" economic liberalization is to marginalize interest groups that profit from existing regulatory regimes. This paper contends that some established interests can craft public policies to protect their rents in the new market setting. The state may shape the interests of social actors and create proreform constituencies out of old populist and interventionist groups. In Argentina, this coalition building was achieved by constructing reform policies that granted rents in new markets to business and organized labor and by deliberately avoiding unilateral deregulation in sectors where reform would hurt traditionally powerful actors. This argument is developed through a comparative analysis of policy reform in the labor market institutions and protected industrial sectors, areas where the costs of deregulation are said to be unavoidable for the established actors. [source] The Johannesburg Summit: Coalitions for civilization and humankindNATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 3 2002Jan Pronk [source] Is There Life After Policy Streams, Advocacy Coalitions, and Punctuations: Using Evolutionary Theory to Explain Policy Change?POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003Peter John This article reviews the current state of public policy theory to find out if researchers are ready to readdress the research agenda set by the classic works of Baumgartner and Jones (1993), Kingdon (1984) and Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1993). After reviewing the influences of institutional, rational choice, network, socio-economic and ideational approaches, the article pays tribute to the policy streams, punctuated equilibrium and policy advocacy coalition frameworks whilst also suggesting that future theory and research could identify more precisely the causal mechanisms driving policy change. The article argues that evolutionary theory may usefully uncover the micro-level processes at work, particularly as some the three frameworks refer to dymamic models and methods. After reviewing some evolutionary game theory and the study of memes, the article suggests that the benefits of evolutionary theory in extending policy theories need to be balanced by its limitations. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||