Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Cognitive-behavioral Treatment (cognitive-behavioral + treatment)
Selected AbstractsCognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed persons: assessing physiological reactions to nightmare-related fearJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Jamie L. Rhudy Abstract Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBTs) that target nightmares are efficacious for ameliorating self-reported sleep problems and psychological distress. However, it is important to determine whether these treatments influence objective markers of nightmare-related fear, because fear and concomitant physiological responses could promote nightmare chronicity and sleep disturbance. This randomized, controlled study (N=40) assessed physiological (skin conductance, heart rate, facial electromyogram) and subjective (displeasure, fear, anger, sadness, arousal) reactions to personally relevant nightmare imagery intended to evoke nightmare-related fear. Physiological assessments were conducted at pretreatment as well as 1-week, 3-months, and 6-months posttreatment. Results of mixed effects analysis of variance models suggested treatment reduced physiological and subjective reactions to nightmare imagery, gains that were generally maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Potential implications are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 1,18, 2010. [source] Changes in perfectionism following cognitive-behavioral treatment for social phobia,DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 3 2007Andrea Ashbaugh M.A. Abstract Previous studies have found that social phobia (social anxiety disorder) is associated with elevated levels of perfectionism, particularly concerns over making mistakes (CM) and doubts about actions (DA). This study investigated the extent to which various dimensions of perfectionism change as a result of participating in a 12-session cognitive-behavioral group treatment for social phobia. One hundred seven individuals completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale before and after treatment. Participants improved on several measures of social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression. With respect to perfectionism, significant reductions were seen on total perfectionism scores and scores on particular dimensions (CM, DA, organization), but not on other dimensions (personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism). Furthermore, changes in DA and to some extent CM predicted posttreatment levels of social anxiety after controlling for pretreatment levels of social anxiety and changes in anxiety and depression. Implications of these findings are discussed. Depression and Anxiety 24:169,177, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Successful Cognitive-Behavioral Habituation Training Toward Photophobia in Photogenic Partial SeizuresEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2001Meinolf Noeker Summary: We report on the cognitive-behavioral treatment of a 12-year-old boy with photogenic partial seizures with secondary generalization who had developed phobic avoidant behavior toward all kinds of situations with potential photostimulation, leading to serious impairments of life quality. Based on a behavioral analysis of seizure and anxiety reaction, a habituation training (systematic desensitization procedure) was developed and performed, while maintaining protection against seizures with antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. The treatment was to gradually increase exposure to computer monitor and television screen photostimulation, closely adjusted to the level of subjective distress and tolerance. In addition to exercising control of photogenic input by regulating the monitor control button, rapid relaxation and imagery techniques were taught and applied as countermeasures at the onset of seizure precipitants. The treatment resulted in complete remission of phobic anxieties and responses and may also have facilitated ongoing seizure control after termination of antiepileptic medication. [source] Cognitive,behavioral treatment for alcohol dependence: a review of evidence for its hypothesized mechanisms of actionADDICTION, Issue 10 2000Jon Morgenstern Objective. This review examined support for the hypothesis that cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for alcohol dependence works through increasing cognitive and behavioral coping skills. Method. Ten studies were identified that examined the hypothesized mechanisms of action of CBT. These studies involved random assignment (or its near equivalent) of participants to CBT and at least one comparison condition. Results. Although numerous analyses of the possible causal links have been conducted to evaluate whether CBT works through increasing coping, the results indicate little support for the hypothesized mechanisms of action of CBT. Conclusions. Research has not yet established why CBT is an effective treatment for alcohol dependence. Negative findings may reflect methodological flaws of prior studies. Alternatively, findings may indicate one or more conceptual assumptions underlying CBT require revision. [source] Effects of an occlusal splint compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment on sleep bruxism activityEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2007Michelle A. Ommerborn The impact of an occlusal splint (OS) compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) on the management of sleep bruxism (SB) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an OS with CBT in SB patients. Following a randomized assignment, the OS group consisted of 29, and the CBT group of 28, SB patients. The CBT comprised problem-solving, progressive muscle relaxation, nocturnal biofeedback, and training of recreation and enjoyment. The treatment took place over a period of 12 wk, and the OS group received an OS over the same time period. Both groups were examined pretreatment, post-treatment, and at 6 months of follow-up for SB activity, self-assessment of SB activity and associated symptoms, psychological impairment, and individual stress-coping strategies. The analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in SB activity, self-assessment of SB activity, and psychological impairment, as well as an increase of positive stress-coping strategies in both groups. However, the effects were small and no group-specific differences were seen in any dependent variable. This is an initial attempt to compare CBT and OS in SB patients, and the data collected substantiate the need for further controlled evaluations, using a three-group randomized design with repeated measures to verify treatment effects. [source] Using imagery in cognitive-behavioral treatment for eating disorders: Tackling the restrictive modeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 7 2006DClinPsy, Victoria Mountford BA Abstract A restrictive thinking style in the eating disorders, often referred to as "anorexic thinking," is often resistant to cognitive-behavioral interventions, even when apparent motivation is relatively high. It is argued that this difficulty is due in part to the ingrained nature of such thinking patterns, regardless of diagnosis. Those patterns reflect the ego-syntonic element of the eating disorders, and manifest as difficulty for the patient in identifying and challenging negative automatic thoughts and maladaptive core beliefs. There is a need to develop cognitive techniques that allow the individual to identify maladaptive cognitions as reflecting their restrictive schema mode, rather than being the only way of thinking and seeing the world. This study describes the use of imagery to enable patients to distinguish the restrictive thoughts from other cognitive perspectives. The restrictive "mode" is presented as part of the individual's personality structure (drawing on cognitive-behavioral models of personality), rather than being an external entity. This technique is designed to facilitate conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy, freeing the patient to challenge her cognitions and to engage in behavioral experiments. We present case material to illustrate this technique and its use in conjunction with other cognitive-behavioral techniques. Future directions and potential limitations are also discussed. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Group cognitive therapy for chronic painJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2006Beverly E. Thorn Group therapy for chronic pain management, particularly that using cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), has become a common treatment format. This article provides a rationale and framework for group CBT, including the research evidence and clinical considerations related to the practitioner and patient. We then present an example of group therapy focusing on the cognitive components of CBT for chronic pain. Examples from group therapy are used in order to illustrate the principles of optimizing the group approach in the context of cognitive therapy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1355,1366, 2006. [source] Computer-supported cognitive behavioral treatment of anxiety disordersJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Page Anderson This article reviews the empirical literature pertaining to the use of computer-supported cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders, including palmtop computers, virtual reality exposure therapy, and personal computer software programs. The advantages and disadvantages unique to each type of technology are described. The review concludes with a discussion of ethical issues, barriers to the use of technology by clinicians, and suggestions for a process by which scientists and practitioners can conceptualize how technology can advance our understanding of anxiety and our dissemination of effective treatments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitusJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Gerhard Andersson Tinnitus is a common otological problem that is often resistant to surgical or medical interventions. In common with chronic pain, cognitive-behavioral treatment has been found to alleviate the distress and improve the functioning of tinnitus patients. Recently, a self-help treatment has been developed for use via the Internet. In this article, we describe the self-help program and apply it to a middle-aged woman with tinnitus. We report the case formulation, which was done in a structured interview, and the treatment interactions, which were conducted via e-mail. The self-help program was presented on Web pages, and weekly diaries were submitted to follow progress and give feedback. The treatment was successful with reductions of tinnitus-related annoyance and anxious and depressive mood. Implications for Internet administration of self-help treatment are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session. [source] Vagal tone as an indicator of treatment response in major depressionPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Andrea S. Chambers Increased vagal tone has been associated with treatment success using pharmacological agents and cognitive-behavioral treatment in major depression, but not using electroconvulsive therapy. The present study investigated whether increases in vagal tone would be associated with favorable treatment response with nonpharmacological treatment. At baseline and following treatment, 16 subjects were administered the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) followed by electrocardiographic recording. Those with little change in vagal tone from before to after treatment showed minimal reduction in HRSD score (,4.8); those with larger vagal tone change showed a large decrease in HRSD score (,14.8). Changes in vagal tone are thus related to favorable treatment response in depression, and do not represent anticholinergic pharmacological effects. Future work manipulating vagal tone might prove informative in teasing apart the causal role of vagal tone and depression. [source] Distinctive Features of Short-Term Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Review of the Comparative Psychotherapy Process LiteratureCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2000Matthew D. Blagys The present article is a review of the comparative psychotherapy process literature. It is an effort to delineate techniques and processes that distinguish two prominent forms of treatment. Seven interventions stood out as distinguishing psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy from cognitive-behavioral treatment: (1) a focus on affect and the expression of patients' emotions; (2) an exploration of patients' attempts to avoid topics or engage in activities that hinder the progress of therapy; (3) the identification of patterns in patients' actions, thoughts, feelings, experiences, and relationships; (4) an emphasis on past experiences; (5) a focus on a patients' interpersonal experiences; (6) an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship; and (7) an exploration of patients' wishes, dreams, or fantasies. A better understanding of the specific techniques and processes that distinguish psychodynamic-interpersonal from cognitive-behavioral therapy can facilitate process-outcome research, aid in the training and teaching of psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy, and provide psychodynamic-interpersonal therapists with a guide for session activity. [source] A meta-analysis of the effects of internet- and computer-based cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxietyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Mark A. Reger Abstract Internet-and computer-based cognitive-behavioral treatments have been introduced as novel approaches to deliver standard, quality treatment that may reduce barriers to care. The purpose of this review is to quantitatively summarize the literature examining the treatment effects of Internet- or computer-based treatment (ICT) on anxiety. Nineteen randomized controlled ICT trials were identified and subjected to fixed and random effects meta-analytic techniques. Weighted mean effect sizes (Cohen's d) showed that ICT was superior to waitlist and placebo assignment across outcome measures (ds=.49,1.14). The effects of ICT also were equal to therapist-delivered treatment across anxiety disorders. However, conclusions were limited by small sample sizes, the rare use of placebo controls, and other methodological problems. In addition, the number of available studies limited the opportunity to conduct analyses by diagnostic group; there was preliminary support for the use of ICT for panic disorder and phobia. Large, well-designed, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm and extend the results of this meta-analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1,21, 2009. [source] Experimental analysis of specific treatment factors: Efficacy and practice implicationsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2005Jeffrey M. Lohr Interest in the empirical demonstration of the clinical efficacy of psychosocial treatments has been rekindled by societal concerns over accountability and cost effectiveness of mental health services. The result has been the identification of specific treatments for specific disorders. The prescription of treatment content should be based on the theory of therapeutic action and/or the disorder to which it is applied. The demonstration of specific treatment efficacy requires experimental evidence showing the influence of specific procedures beyond nonspecific factors of treatment. We provide an analysis of these factors and their effects in evaluating the specific efficacy of prescriptive psychosocial treatments. Experimental procedures and designs that test the validity of specific treatments are described and applied to cognitive-behavioral treatments of generalized anxiety disorder. The empirical and professional implications of specific treatment efficacy in evidence-based practice are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 61: 819,834, 2005. [source] Understanding and treating incompleteness in obsessive-compulsive disorderJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2004Laura J. SummerfeldtArticle first published online: 10 SEP 200 Incompleteness,the troubling and irremediable sense that one's actions or experiences are not "just right",appears to underlie many of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Because incompleteness may reflect basic sensory-affective dysfunction, it presents a challenge to clinicians wishing to apply cognitive-behavioral treatments. In this article, I review ways of adapting well-demonstrated treatment principles to this condition. A case is presented and then used to discuss challenges in conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy with this population. Behavioral methods aimed at habituation (e.g., exposure and ritual prevention [ERP]) are probably more applicable than conventional cognitive techniques. However, even these may result in modest long-term gains; relapse is a probability if they are not actively practiced after treatment cessation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session. [source] Psychosocial Interventions for School Refusal Behavior in Children and AdolescentsCHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2009Armando A. Pina ABSTRACT,This article reviews empirical evidence for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for school refusal behavior. Data corresponding to 8 experimental single-case and 7 group-design studies are presented. Across studies, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments emerged as promising lines of intervention. These interventions produced improvements in school attendance and youths' symptom levels (e.g., anxiety, fear, depression, anger) based on this study's examination of effect sizes. The article concludes with suggestions for interventionists, researchers, and policy makers attempting to deal with the problem of school refusal. [source] | |||||||||||||