Cognitive Training (cognitive + training)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of the literature

ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2006
D. I. Sitzer
Objective:, To systematically review the literature and summarize the effect of cognitive training (CT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients on multiple functional domains. Method:, Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for 17 controlled studies identified through a comprehensive literature review. Results:, An overall effect size of 0.47 was observed for all CT strategies across all measured outcomes. Mean effect sizes were higher for restorative (0.54) than for compensatory (0.36) strategies. Domain-specific effect sizes ranged from 2.16 (verbal and visual learning) to ,0.38 (visuospatial functioning). Data are also presented on the relative impact of restorative and compensatory strategies for each domain of functioning. Conclusion:, CT evidenced promise in the treatment of AD, with primarily medium effect sizes for learning, memory, executive functioning, activities of daily living, general cognitive problems, depression, and self-rated general functioning. Restorative strategies demonstrated the greatest overall effect on functioning. Several limitations of the published literature are discussed. [source]


Effect of cognitive training focusing on organizational strategies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 6 2006
HEE SOO PARK ma
Abstract, The purpose of the present paper was to develop a cognitive training program for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and evaluate its effectiveness. Nine 60-min sessions focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies were given to 15 patients with OCD over a period of 5 weeks. The control group consisted of 15 age- and sex-matched patients also with OCD. The Rey,Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Korean,California Verbal Learning Test were administered before and after cognitive training. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Yale,Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The memory function in the treatment group improved and their clinical symptoms were alleviated after training, compared to those of the control group. Cognitive training of OCD patients not only improved their memory function, but also alleviated their clinical symptoms. Therefore, cognitive training, focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies, could be an effective treatment modality for patients with OCD. [source]


Cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of the literature

ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2006
D. I. Sitzer
Objective:, To systematically review the literature and summarize the effect of cognitive training (CT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients on multiple functional domains. Method:, Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for 17 controlled studies identified through a comprehensive literature review. Results:, An overall effect size of 0.47 was observed for all CT strategies across all measured outcomes. Mean effect sizes were higher for restorative (0.54) than for compensatory (0.36) strategies. Domain-specific effect sizes ranged from 2.16 (verbal and visual learning) to ,0.38 (visuospatial functioning). Data are also presented on the relative impact of restorative and compensatory strategies for each domain of functioning. Conclusion:, CT evidenced promise in the treatment of AD, with primarily medium effect sizes for learning, memory, executive functioning, activities of daily living, general cognitive problems, depression, and self-rated general functioning. Restorative strategies demonstrated the greatest overall effect on functioning. Several limitations of the published literature are discussed. [source]


Bilateral activation of the prefrontal cortex after strategic semantic cognitive training

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 4 2006
Eliane C. Miotto
Abstract The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in the ability to apply semantic organizational strategies during verbal encoding and episodic learning. However, there has been no direct evidence demonstrating which specific areas in the PFC are engaged after cognitive training using semantic organizational strategies in healthy adult human subjects. In this study, we investigated the effects of semantic strategic training on brain activity and changes in behavioral performance, after cognitive training, using functional MRI (fMRI). There was a significant activation in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) and orbitofrontal (OFC) areas after cognitive training. These results demonstrate the engagement of bilateral DLPF and OFC cortex during strategic memory processes, particularly when mobilization and effort of effective use of strategies are required. The functional adaptations observed here may also shed light on some of the processes underlying recovery with cognitive rehabilitation in patient populations with brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Occupational therapists use of cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010
Alexandra Robert
Abstract The aim of this study was to establish a profile of occupational therapy practice for cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an urban setting. Seventy-four occupational therapists working with older adults with AD in diverse settings in the city of Montreal were randomly selected and were sent a self-administered questionnaire by mail. Sixty-five (87.8%) therapists responded. Findings indicated that 52.3% of occupational therapists are performing cognitive interventions with persons with AD. Of those, 82.4% report using cognitive rehabilitation, 61.8% using cognitive stimulation and 50.0% using cognitive training. Intervention use varied across settings and differed according to severity of AD. The sessions are usually provided individually and often include the client's caregiver. Generalizability of the results is limited to urban areas, and possible differences in service provision should be taken into consideration. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of these interventions provided by occupational therapists and to compare occupational therapy practices in urban and rural areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Effect of cognitive training focusing on organizational strategies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 6 2006
HEE SOO PARK ma
Abstract, The purpose of the present paper was to develop a cognitive training program for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and evaluate its effectiveness. Nine 60-min sessions focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies were given to 15 patients with OCD over a period of 5 weeks. The control group consisted of 15 age- and sex-matched patients also with OCD. The Rey,Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Korean,California Verbal Learning Test were administered before and after cognitive training. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Yale,Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The memory function in the treatment group improved and their clinical symptoms were alleviated after training, compared to those of the control group. Cognitive training of OCD patients not only improved their memory function, but also alleviated their clinical symptoms. Therefore, cognitive training, focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies, could be an effective treatment modality for patients with OCD. [source]


Are expert athletes ,expert' in the cognitive laboratory?

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
A meta-analytic review of cognition, sport expertise
Recent literature has demonstrated the usefulness of fitness and computer-based cognitive training as a means to enhance cognition and brain function. However, it is unclear whether the combination of fitness and cognitive training that results from years of extensive sport training also results in superior performance on tests of cognitive processes. In this study we examine, in a quantitative meta-analysis (k,=,20), the relationship between expertise in sports and laboratory-based measures of cognition. We found that athletes performed better on measures of processing speed and a category of varied attentional paradigms, and athletes from interceptive sport types and males showed the largest effects. Based on our results, more research should be done with higher-level cognitive tasks, such as tasks of executive function and more varied sub-domains of visual attention. Furthermore, future studies should incorporate more female athletes and use a diverse range of sport types and levels of expertise. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Comparing two programs of cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2002
E. Farina
Objectives ,,To evaluate the efficacy of two different procedures of individual cognitive training in mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Material and methods ,,Twenty-two AD patients entered the study. We compared stimulation of procedural memory (group 1) with training of partially spared cognitive functions (group 2). Assessment included: neuropsychological tests, scales, and the Functional Living Skills Assessment (FLSA), a standardized battery built to directly evaluate patients' performance in everyday life. Results ,,We observed a significant improvement for both groups after training in FLSA total score (P=0.005) and subscales. For group 1, we also found a slightly improved performance in two tests: Attentional Matrices (P=0.041), and Verbal Fluency for Letters (P=0.059). After 3 months, patients' results showed a tendency to regress to the pre-training level. Conclusion ,,Both AD groups showed a substantial improvement after training in a direct performance measure of everyday functioning. However, results at neuropsychological tests suggest that training activities of daily living (supported by procedural memory) may be more effective than stimulating `residual' cognitive functions. [source]