Cognitive Style (cognitive + style)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Distribution within Psychology


Selected Abstracts


A Person-Organization Fit Model of Owner-Managers' Cognitive Style and Organizational Demands

ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2007
Keith H. Brigham
Based on survey responses from 159 owner-managers in small high-technology firms, we examined the association among specific individual characteristics, firm characteristics, and the individual outcomes of satisfaction and intentions to exit. Regression analyses indicated higher satisfaction and lower intentions to exit for owner-managers whose dominant decision-making style complemented the levels of formalization and structure in their firms. In addition, we found that both satisfaction and intentions to exit were significantly associated with actual turnover over a 5-year period. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [source]


Age Differences in Conservatism: Evidence on the Mediating Effects of Personality and Cognitive Style

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2009
Ilse Cornelis
ABSTRACT The present study investigates the commonly found age,conservatism relationship by combining insights from studies on the development of personality and motivated social cognition with findings on the relationships between these factors and conservative beliefs. Based on data collected in Belgium (N=2,373) and Poland (N=939), we found the expected linear effect of age on indicators of social-cultural conservatism in Belgium and Poland and the absence of such effects for indicators of economic-hierarchical conservatism. We further demonstrated that these effects of age on indicators of cultural conservatism in both countries were (in part) mediated through the personality factor Openness to Experience and the motivated cognition variable Need for Closure. The consistency of these findings in two countries with a very dissimilar sociopolitical history attests to the importance of the developmental perspective for the study of the relationship between age and conservatism. [source]


Understanding the Search for Meaning in Life: Personality, Cognitive Style, and the Dynamic Between Seeking and Experiencing Meaning

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2008
Michael F. Steger
ABSTRACT Although several theories assert that understanding the search for meaning in life is important, empirical research on this construct is sparse. Three studies provide the first extensive effort to understand the correlates of the search for meaning in a multistudy research program. Assessed were relations between search for meaning and well-being, cognitive style, and the Big Five, Big Three, Approach/Avoidance, and Interest models of personality, with a particular emphasis on understanding the correlates of search for meaning that are independent of presence of meaning. Conceptual models of the relation between search and presence were tested. Findings suggest that people lacking meaning search for it; the search for meaning did not appear to lead to its presence. Study 3 found that basic motive dispositions moderated relations between search for meaning and its presence. Results highlight the importance of basic personality dispositions in understanding the search for meaning and its correlates. [source]


Cognitive style: a psycholexically-derived personality-centred model

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2003
John RoodenburgArticle first published online: 20 FEB 200
Cognitive style suffers from a confusing multitude of conceptualizations, and dominance by information-processing type measures. This study sought to elucidate a comprehensive and universal set of personality-centred cognitive style constructs. A grounded approach based on the psycholexical hypothesis (effective in personality modelling) was adapted, explicating cognitive styles as evident in late adolescents. Approximately 700 Australian secondary teachers generated a lexicon of 1040 style adjectives, which were consolidated into 99 key words. 596 teachers rated 1192 senior secondary students against these. After removing acquiescence and a ubiquitous good,bad-ability factor, optimum structure appears to be a spherex abridgeable as three circumplexes, reported across six factor pure and 24 blended facets. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Cognitive styles and hypermedia navigation: Development of a learning model

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
Sherry Y. Chen
There has been an increased growth in the use of hypermedia to deliver learning and teaching material. However, much remains to be learned about how different learners perceive such systems. Therefore, it is essential to build robust learning models to illustrate how hypermedia features are experienced by different learners. Research into individual differences suggests cognitive styles have a significant effect on student learning in hypermedia systems. In particular, Witkin's Field Dependence has been extensively examined in previous studies. This article reviews the published findings from empirical studies of hypermedia learning. Specifically, the review classifies the research into five themes: nonlinear learning, learner control, navigation in hyperspace, matching and mismatching, and learning effectiveness. A learning model, developed from an analysis of findings of the previous studies, is presented. Finally, implications for the design of hypermedia learning systems are discussed. [source]


The influence of alexithymia and music on the incidental memory for emotion words

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2010
Nicolas Vermeulen
Abstract Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality construct which encompasses difficulties in identifying and expressing feelings along with an externally oriented cognitive style. We investigated whether congruent vs. incongruent emotional musical priming (happy and angry music) during encoding would moderate the effects of alexithymia on recognition rates. We found that high alexithymia scorers recognized fewer joy and anger words than low scorers. Angry music decreased recognition rates in high alexithymia scorers compared to low alexithymia scorers. The congruency and incongruency effects between music and words depended on alexithymia level. The anger deficit in high alexithymia scorers and the possible support provided by happiness cues are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Inter- and intrapersonal processes underlying authoritarianism: The role of social conformity and personal need for structure

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 7 2009
Philipp Jugert
Abstract Several personality constructs have been theorised to underlie right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). In samples from New Zealand and Germany (Ns,=,218, 259), we tested whether these constructs can account for specific variance in RWA. In both samples, social conformity and personal need for structure were independent predictors of RWA. In Sample 2, where also openness to experience was measured, social conformity and personal need for structure fully mediated the impact of the higher-order factor of openness on RWA. Our results contribute to the integration of current approaches to the personality basis of authoritarianism and suggest that two distinct personality processes contribute to RWA: An interpersonal process related to social conformity and an intrapersonal process related to rigid cognitive style. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Personality, creativity and latent inhibition

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2006
Giles St J. Burch
The current study set out to investigate the relationship between creativity, multi-dimensional schizotypy and personality more generally. This was achieved by analysing scores on a range of personality scales and measures of creativity, where it was found that the creativity measures were more closely related to asocial-schizotypy than positive-schizotypy. The study also sought to test Eysenck's prediction (1993, 1995) that, given the putative relationship between creativity and psychosis-proneness, high psychosis-prone scoring individuals and high creativity scoring individuals would demonstrate the same cognitive style of ,overinclusiveness' on latent inhibition. However, the results failed to demonstrate any evidence of a shared ,widening of the associative horizon' between high creativity and high psychosis-prone scorers. The findings are discussed in relation to multi-dimensional schizotypy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice: causes, solutions, and individual differences

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
Gordon Hodson
We assessed lay perceptions of the causes of and solutions to ethnic prejudice, and determined whether individual differences related to intergroup relations (social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and to cognitive style (personal need for structure, need for cognition) were predictive of these perceptions. Results revealed clear and coherent lay beliefs about the causes of and solutions to ethnic prejudice, and significant relations between perceived causes and solutions. Systematic relations between the intergroup-relevant individual differences and these perceptions also emerged, in ways that may serve to justify and legitimize ethnic bias. Implications for the justification and maintenance of ethnic bias and for intervention programmes are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


The "strong leadership" of George W. Bush

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 3 2008
Fred I. Greenstein
Abstract This paper further explores the phenomenon of the "strong leader" by presenting an account of President George W. Bush, whose early conduct in the White House seemed far from strong, but who rose to the challenge of the terrorist attacks on the US of September 11, 2001 and began to preside with authority and assertiveness over an administration that went to great lengths to put its stamp on the national and international policy agendas, but was intensely controversial in the policies it advanced. The paper provides a three dimensional account of Bush, reviewing his early years, political rise and presidential performance, and then analyzes his leadership style in terms of six criteria that have proven useful for characterizing and assessing earlier chief executives , emotional intelligence, cognitive style, effectiveness as a public communicator, organizational capacity, political skill, and the extent to which the president is guided by a realistic policy vision. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Understanding the Search for Meaning in Life: Personality, Cognitive Style, and the Dynamic Between Seeking and Experiencing Meaning

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2008
Michael F. Steger
ABSTRACT Although several theories assert that understanding the search for meaning in life is important, empirical research on this construct is sparse. Three studies provide the first extensive effort to understand the correlates of the search for meaning in a multistudy research program. Assessed were relations between search for meaning and well-being, cognitive style, and the Big Five, Big Three, Approach/Avoidance, and Interest models of personality, with a particular emphasis on understanding the correlates of search for meaning that are independent of presence of meaning. Conceptual models of the relation between search and presence were tested. Findings suggest that people lacking meaning search for it; the search for meaning did not appear to lead to its presence. Study 3 found that basic motive dispositions moderated relations between search for meaning and its presence. Results highlight the importance of basic personality dispositions in understanding the search for meaning and its correlates. [source]


When sleep is perceived as wakefulness: an experimental study on state perception during physiological sleep

JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
DOREEN WEIGAND
Summary While electrophysiologically measured sleep and perception of sleep generally concur, various studies have shown this is not always the case. The objective of the present study was to assess the perception of actual state during sleep by the technique of planned awakenings and interviewing subjects on the preawakening state. Sixty-eight (43 females, 25 males) young (mean age: 24.1, SD 5.1 years) normal sleeping subjects were deliberately awakened out of consolidated sleep, either stage 2 (S2), or REM sleep, during the first night in a non-clinical sleep laboratory. While the preawakening state was experienced as sleep in 48 cases (70.6%), it was experienced as wakefulness in 20 cases (29.4%). The percentage of awake judgements was somewhat, but not significantly, higher for awakenings out of S2 (38.2%), to REM sleep (20.6%). The proportion of mismatches between electrophysiologically defined sleep and state judgements was time-dependent with more awake judgements for REM sleep in the second half of the sleep period (41.7%) than in the first one (17.4%). Those subjects who made an awake judgement more frequently had a feeling of being aware of the situation and their surroundings than those who made a sleep judgement (80% versus 33%). Awareness during sleep may be a cognitive style, which favours mismatches between state perception and electrophysiologically defined sleep. Sleep periods with concordant or discordant state judgements did not differ in electrophysiologically defined sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, or sleep state distribution. [source]


Proclivity for Improvisation as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions

JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006
Keith M. Hmieleski
This study examines the relationship between improvisation and entrepreneurial intentions. Of specific interest is whether or not a proclivity for improvisation explains any variance in entrepreneurial intentions beyond what is accounted for by other relevant individual difference measures. Using a sample of 430 college students, entrepreneurial intentions are found to be significantly associated with measures of personality, motivation, cognitive style, social models, and improvisation. The strongest relationship is found between entrepreneurial intentions and improvisation. The results of hierarchical regression show that improvisation accounts for a significant amount of variance in entrepreneurial intention above and beyond what is accounted for by the other variables. [source]


Presidential Difference in the Early Republic: The Highly Disparate Leadership Styles of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson

PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006
FRED I. GREENSTEIN
The absence of well-established political precedents and norms presented the early American presidents with the political equivalent of a Rorschach test. This made for highly diverse leadership styles, as can be seen by comparing the leadership of George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson. This article makes such a comparison, doing so on the basis of cognitive style, emotional intelligence, public communication, organizational capacity, political skill, and policy vision. [source]


Consumers' intentions to remain loyal to online reputation systems

PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 9 2010
Hui-Chih Wang
The implications of recent consumer research for information system usage in the e-marketplace are still poorly understood. However, understanding consumers' intentions to continue to use these systems remains a priority in practical marketing management, as leading marketplaces such as Amazon.com have widely embraced online reputation systems as a useful tactic in online marketing. The re-ported study proposes an approach that differs from past research on this theme by incorporating Foxall's style/involvement model, which relates innovative behavior to cognitive style and involve-ment in the product area. Based on a sample of 387 buyers from a top e-marketplace in Taiwan, the findings indicate that consumers' underlying style/involvement levels significantly shape their continuance use intentions toward online reputation systems. The paper argues that consumers' cognitive styles and involvement levels should be adopted by researchers as major influences on system users' decision making in virtual purchase environments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


The new object-spatial-verbal cognitive style model: Theory and measurement

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
Olesya Blazhenkova
The current study challenges traditional approaches to Visual-Verbal cognitive style as a unitary bipolar dimension, and instead suggests a new three-dimensional cognitive style model developed on the basis of modern cognitive science theories that distinguish between object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal dimensions. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the overall fit to the data of the new three-dimensional model of cognitive style was significantly better than that of a traditional model. Furthermore, based on the new theoretical model, we designed and validated a new self-report instrument assessing the individual differences in object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal cognitive styles, the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ). Across a series of studies, the OSIVQ demonstrated acceptable internal reliability as well as construct, criterion and ecological validity. The current study supports the validity of an object-spatial-verbal cognitive style dimension and related measures when developed on the basis of modern cognitive science theories. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Role of personal endorsement of outgroup members' distinctive values and need for cognitive closure in attitude towards the outgroup

ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Yanjun Guan
The present study was designed to examine the role of the perceived culture of the outgroup and the perceiver's cognitive style on the intergroup process. We conducted a survey among mainland Chinese college students to discover the role of their personal endorsement of Hong Kong Chinese's distinctive values and need for cognitive closure in predicting their attitude towards the Hong Kong Chinese outgroup. Results showed that mainland Chinese who gave a higher endorsement of Hong Kong Chinese values were more likely to show a positive attitude towards Hong Kong Chinese, especially for people with a higher need for cognitive closure. These results were discussed in terms of the function of shared social reality on the formation of positive intergroup attitude. Future directions for intergroup research were proposed based on these findings. [source]


Strategies for accommodating individuals' styles and preferences in flexible learning programmes

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
Eugene Sadler-Smith
Abstract There has been a considerable growth in the use of flexible methods of delivery for workplace learning and development. However, in designing programmes of flexible learning there is often the assumption that learners will exhibit uniformity in the ways in which they process and organise information (cognitive style), in their predispositions towards particular learning formats and media (instructional preferences) and the conscious actions they employ to deal with the demands of specific learning situations (learning strategies). In adopting such a stance one runs the risk of ignoring important aspects of individual differences in styles, preferences and strategies. Our purpose in this paper will be to: (i) consider some aspects of individual difference that are pertinent to the delivery of flexible learning in the workplace; (ii) identify some of the challenges that extant differences in styles and preferences between individuals, may, raise, for, instructional, designers, and, learning, facilitators;, (iii), suggest, ways, in, which, models, of, flexible, learning, design, and, delivery may acknowledge and accommodate individual differences in styles and preferences through the use of an appropriate range of instructional design, learning and support strategies. [source]


Learning from web-based instructional systems and cognitive style

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Martin Graff
Two of the principal issues, which have been addressed in assessments of the benefits of web-based instructional systems, are firstly, whether the segmentation of information provided by the web structure aids users in apprehending the interrelationships between the units of information featured in the web. Secondly, whether providing the user with an overview of the web system assists in facilitating his/her learning. It is suggested in the present study that these two issues may be more effectively understood by a consideration of an individual's cognitive style. Fifty participants were assigned to one of two web-based instructional systems featuring information on the subject of psychological ethics. The information in one of the web systems was segmented to a greater degree than the information in the other. Half the participants using each web system were given an overview of the system and half were not. After a given time using the system, participants were tested on the information from the web. The findings suggest that cognitive style and segmentation had an effect on performance, although the provision of the overview had little effect. The results are discussed in terms of a consideration of cognitive style in the design of web-based instructional systems. [source]


Matching/mismatching revisited: an empirical study of learning and teaching styles

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2001
Nigel Ford
This paper presents results of a research project that explored the relationship between matching and mismatching instructional presentation style (breadth-first and depth-first) with students' cognitive style (field-dependence/-independence) in a computer-based learning environment. 73 postgraduate students were asked to create Web pages using HTML, using instructional materials that were either matched or mismatched with their cognitive styles. Significant differences in performance on a multiple choice test of conceptual knowledge were found for students learning in matched and mismatched conditions. Performance in matched conditions was significantly superior to that in mismatched conditions. However, significant effects were found for gender, matching mainly affecting male students. Performance on a practical test of Web page creation was not linked to matching or mismatching, but was linked to an interaction between gender and instructional presentation style. The findings provide support for the notion that matching and mismatching can have significant effects on learning outcomes. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research. [source]


Investigating the efficacy of concept mapping with pupils with autistic spectrum disorder

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION, Issue 3 2007
Veronica Roberts
Pupils with autism often present significant challenges to teachers. They seem to have real strengths in visual processing but a cognitive style that encourages them to focus on detail rather than the overarching connections between concepts. Veronica Roberts, currently undertaking doctoral training at the Institute of Education, University of London, in order to become an educational psychologist, and Richard Joiner, senior lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath, set out to explore these issues. In this article, they report the outcomes of a naturalistic experiment in which they investigated the utility of concept mapping as an educational strategy with pupils diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Theoretical arguments supporting the use of concept mapping with an autistic population are outlined in the paper. A tutor group of ten pupils with ASD, aged between 11 and 14 years, took part in the study. Concept mapping tasks were integrated within National Curriculum science lessons in collaboration with the school's science teacher. The study found that the increase in pupil performance in subject-specific questionnaires was nearly four times greater in the concept mapping condition than after a more conventional teaching intervention. Veronica Roberts and Richard Joiner tentatively draw out the implications of their work for staff who work with pupils with ASD and make recommendations for further research into the use of these learning strategies. [source]


Graduate Business Students Performance with Synchronous and Asynchronous Interaction e-Learning Methods

DECISION SCIENCES JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION, Issue 2 2003
Shawn F. Clouse
ABSTRACT The effects of synchronous and asynchronous lectures and interaction formats were examined with graduate business students in on-campus and off-campus MBA programs. The dependent variables were scores on exams questions and learning styles and cognitive styles were used as covariates. The results indicated significant differences for discussion and lecture format and for on-campus and off-campus students. The results were discussed relative to learning in electronic environments. [source]


Cognitive style: a psycholexically-derived personality-centred model

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2003
John RoodenburgArticle first published online: 20 FEB 200
Cognitive style suffers from a confusing multitude of conceptualizations, and dominance by information-processing type measures. This study sought to elucidate a comprehensive and universal set of personality-centred cognitive style constructs. A grounded approach based on the psycholexical hypothesis (effective in personality modelling) was adapted, explicating cognitive styles as evident in late adolescents. Approximately 700 Australian secondary teachers generated a lexicon of 1040 style adjectives, which were consolidated into 99 key words. 596 teachers rated 1192 senior secondary students against these. After removing acquiescence and a ubiquitous good,bad-ability factor, optimum structure appears to be a spherex abridgeable as three circumplexes, reported across six factor pure and 24 blended facets. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Bipolar disorder: What can psychotherapists learn from the cognitive research?

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
Sheri Johnson
Randomized controlled trials of psychological treatment, principally cognitive therapy, for bipolar disorder have yielded inconsistent results. Given the status of this evidentiary base, we provide a more fine-grained analysis of the cognitive profiles associated with bipolar disorder to inform clinical practice. In this practice-friendly review, we consider evidence that both negative and positive cognitive styles are related to bipolar disorder. Cross-sectional and prospective evidence suggest that negative cognitive styles are related to depression within bipolar disorder, but there also is evidence that bipolar disorder is related to an elevated focus on goals as well as to increases in confidence during manic states. With such findings as backdrop, we consider the outcomes of psychological treatments for bipolar disorder and advance several suggestions for clinical practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 425,432, 2007. [source]


Information-seeking and mediated searching.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2002
Part 1.
Our project has investigated the processes of mediated information retrieval (IR) searching during human information-seeking processes to characterize aspects of this process, including information seekers' changing situational contexts; information problems; uncertainty reduction; successive searching, cognitive styles; and cognitive and affective states. The research has involved observational, longitudinal data collection in the United States and United Kingdom. Three questionnaires were used for pre- and postsearch interviews: reference interview, information seeker postsearch, and search intermediary postsearch questionnaires. In addition, the Sheffield team employed a fourth set of instruments in a follow-up interview some 2 months after the search. A total of 198 information seekers participated in a mediated on-line search with a professional intermediary using the Dialog Information Service. Each mediated search process was audio taped and search transaction log recorded. The findings are presented in four parts. Part I presents the background, theoretical framework, models, and research design used during the research. Part II is devoted to exploring changes in information seekers' uncertainty during the mediated process. Part III provides results related to successive searching. Part IV reports findings related to cognitive styles, individual differences, age and gender. Additional articles that discuss further findings from this complex research project, including: (1) an integrated model of information seeking and searching, (2) assessment of mediated searching, and (3) intermediary-information seeker communication, are in preparation and will be published separately. [source]


Cognitive styles and hypermedia navigation: Development of a learning model

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
Sherry Y. Chen
There has been an increased growth in the use of hypermedia to deliver learning and teaching material. However, much remains to be learned about how different learners perceive such systems. Therefore, it is essential to build robust learning models to illustrate how hypermedia features are experienced by different learners. Research into individual differences suggests cognitive styles have a significant effect on student learning in hypermedia systems. In particular, Witkin's Field Dependence has been extensively examined in previous studies. This article reviews the published findings from empirical studies of hypermedia learning. Specifically, the review classifies the research into five themes: nonlinear learning, learner control, navigation in hyperspace, matching and mismatching, and learning effectiveness. A learning model, developed from an analysis of findings of the previous studies, is presented. Finally, implications for the design of hypermedia learning systems are discussed. [source]


Consumers' intentions to remain loyal to online reputation systems

PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 9 2010
Hui-Chih Wang
The implications of recent consumer research for information system usage in the e-marketplace are still poorly understood. However, understanding consumers' intentions to continue to use these systems remains a priority in practical marketing management, as leading marketplaces such as Amazon.com have widely embraced online reputation systems as a useful tactic in online marketing. The re-ported study proposes an approach that differs from past research on this theme by incorporating Foxall's style/involvement model, which relates innovative behavior to cognitive style and involve-ment in the product area. Based on a sample of 387 buyers from a top e-marketplace in Taiwan, the findings indicate that consumers' underlying style/involvement levels significantly shape their continuance use intentions toward online reputation systems. The paper argues that consumers' cognitive styles and involvement levels should be adopted by researchers as major influences on system users' decision making in virtual purchase environments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


The new object-spatial-verbal cognitive style model: Theory and measurement

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
Olesya Blazhenkova
The current study challenges traditional approaches to Visual-Verbal cognitive style as a unitary bipolar dimension, and instead suggests a new three-dimensional cognitive style model developed on the basis of modern cognitive science theories that distinguish between object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal dimensions. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the overall fit to the data of the new three-dimensional model of cognitive style was significantly better than that of a traditional model. Furthermore, based on the new theoretical model, we designed and validated a new self-report instrument assessing the individual differences in object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal cognitive styles, the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ). Across a series of studies, the OSIVQ demonstrated acceptable internal reliability as well as construct, criterion and ecological validity. The current study supports the validity of an object-spatial-verbal cognitive style dimension and related measures when developed on the basis of modern cognitive science theories. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Sex,related self,concepts, cognitive styles and cultural values of traditionality,modernity as predictors of general and domain,specific sexism

ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Jolynn C. X. Pek
Previous studies have determined that masculinity, femininity, need for closure and authoritarianism are significant predictors of sexism. The present study attempted to integrate these variables in order to better understand the nature of general ambivalent sexism and workplace,specific sexism in Singapore. Chinese traditionality and Chinese modernity were specifically examined as potential predictors of sexism. Robust results from hierarchical regressions indicated that these indigenous cultural variables were highly important in predicting general and workplace,specific sexism. Although masculinity and need for closure were unrelated to sexism, participant sex, femininity and authoritarianism significantly predicted sexist attitudes towards women. Most important, Chinese values were found to add significant incremental validity in predicting sexist attitudes beyond what was accounted by the aforementioned predictors. Chinese traditionality significantly predicted sexist attitudes towards women, but Chinese modernity was unrelated to sexism. Implications of these findings were discussed. [source]


The impact of cognitive styles on perceptual distributed multimedia quality

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Gheorghita Ghinea
Multimedia technology has been widely used in web-based instruction, but previous studies have indicated that individual differences, especially cognitive styles, have significant effects on users' preferences with respect to presentation of multimedia content. However, such research has thus far neglected to examine the effect of cognitive styles on users' subjective perceptions of multimedia quality. This study aims to examine the relationships among users' cognitive styles, the multimedia Quality of Service (QoS) delivered by the underlying network, and Quality of Perception (QoP), which encompasses user levels of enjoyment and understanding of the informational content provided by multimedia material. Accordingly, 132 users took part in an experiment in which they were shown multimedia video clips presented with different values of two QoS parameters (frame rate and colour depth). Results show that, whilst the two QoS parameters do not impact user QoP, multimedia content and dynamism levels significantly influence the user understanding and enjoyment component of QoP. [source]