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Coefficient Analysis (coefficient + analysis)
Selected AbstractsGenetic structure of two populations of the Namibian giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis angolensisAFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Rick A. Brenneman Abstract Two geographically distinct populations of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) were sampled for this study, the northern Namib Desert and Etosha National Park. Population genetic parameters and relationships within subpopulations were estimated to better understand the genetic architecture of this isolated subspecies. Gene flow between the geographically separated populations can be attributed to recent translocation of giraffe between the two populations. Inbreeding estimates in the six subpopulations studied were low though we found evidence that genetic drift may be affecting the genetic diversity of the isolated populations in northern Namibia. Population dynamics of the sampling locations was inferred with relationship coefficient analyses. Recent molecular systematics of the Namibian giraffe populations indicates that they are distinct from the subspecies Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa and classified as G. c. angolensis. Based on genetic analyses, these giraffe populations of northern Namibia, the desert-dwelling giraffe and those protected in Etosha National Park, are a distinct subspecies from that previously assumed; thus we add data on G. c. angolensis to our scientific knowledge of this giraffe of southern Africa. Résumé Deux populations de girafes (Giraffa camelopardalis) distinctes sur le plan géographique ont servi d'échantillons pour cette étude, celle du nord du Désert du Namib et celle du Parc National d'Etosha. Nous avons estimé les paramètres génétiques des populations et les relations au sein des sous-populations pour mieux comprendre l'architecture génétique de cette sous-espèce isolée. Les flux génétiques entre les populations séparées géographiquement peuvent être attribués à la récente translocation de girafes entre ces deux populations. L'inbreeding estimé dans les six sous-populations étudiées était faible, encore que nous ayons découvert des preuves que la dérive génétique pourrait bien affecter la diversité génétique des populations isolées dans le nord de la Namibie. La dynamique des populations des endroits où furent faits les échantillonnages fut déduite en fonction de l'analyse des coefficients. La nouvelle systématique moléculaire des populations de girafes de Namibie indique qu'elles sont distinctes de la sous-espèce Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa et classées comme G.c. angolensis. Selon les analyses génétiques, ces populations de girafes du nord de la Namibie, les girafes qui vivent dans le désert et celles qui sont protégées dans le Parc National d'Etosha sont une sous-espèce distincte de celle que l'on croyait auparavant, et nous ajoutons ainsi des données sur G.c. angolensisà la connaissance scientifique de cette girafe d'Afrique australe. [source] Accessory gland secretory proteins in relation to fitness parameters of Drosophila ananassae and D. variansENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2010Raghavendra B. HIREMANI Abstract Developmental morphometry, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the accessory gland secretory proteins, fecundity and productivity in relation to protein ejected during subsequent (first to fourth-time) matings have been studied in Drosophila ananassae Doleschall and Drosophila varians Bock. In both species, size and secretion of accessory glands increases from 1 to 8 days and the stored secretion ejected from males to the female genital tract during subsequent mating varies. The maximum number of eggs and flies are produced from the females mated with bachelor males and it is a minimum when virgin females are mated with fourth-time mated males. Sodium dodecylsulfate,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of accessory gland secretory protein patterns and their glycosylation differs in both the species. Correlation coefficient analysis between gland size and quantity of secretion, percentage of secretory protein transferred per mating, and eggs and flies that emerged showed a highly significant, positive relationship. Among different matings, the number of eggs laid and flies that emerged per female between subsequent (first to fourth-time) matings of males was found to be highly significant and the difference between fecundity and productivity between the two species was highly significant. [source] Differently regulated androgen receptor transcriptional complex in prostate cancer compared with normal prostateINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 4 2005MASASHIGE KINOSHITA Abstract Background:, The coregulators of androgen receptors (AR) influence the transcriptional activity of AR. In order to better understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis in the prostate, we investigated the relationship between AR and AR coregulators in the early stage of prostate cancer. Methods:, mRNA was purified from 15 samples of prostate cancer and normal tissue and transcribed into cDNA. We screened eight AR coregulators for different gene expressions in prostate cancer, comparing these with normal tissue by a real-time polymerase chain reaction Syber green method, then quantified each component of the AR transcriptional complex by a real-time PCR hybri-probe method. The extent of gene expression similarity was compared by simple Pearson correlation coefficient analysis between prostate cancer and normal tissue. We applied a z-test to calculate significant differences between r-values. Results:, We found that the gene expression level of FHL2 decreased in prostate cancer compared with that of normal tissue and the gene expressions of PSA, AR and SMRT were not significant. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that strong associations were found in the pairs of AR versus SMRT, AR versus FHL2 and SMRT versus FHL2 in prostate cancer, whereas similarity was found only in the pair of AR versus FHL2 in normal tissue. No association was observed between prostate-specific antigen and other genes. Conclusion:, These results demonstrate that the AR-AR coregulator relationship is different between prostate cancer and normal tissue, leading to the hypothesis that the AR transcriptional complex is regulated differently between prostate cancer and normal tissue. [source] EFFECTS OF KERNEL PROPERTIES AND POPPING METHODS ON POPCORN QUALITY OF DIFFERENT CORN CULTIVARSJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2009NILGÜN ERTA ABSTRACT Three popcorn genotypes, Koç Cin (composite), Nermin Cin and Ant Cin-98 (hybrid) were investigated for the effects of kernel size (4 < D < 5 and 5 < D < 6), popping methods (conventional and microwave) and moisture content (10, 12 and 14%) on popcorn quality. The relationships between physical kernel properties and popping characteristics were also researched. The Nermin Cin popcorn cultivar had the highest expansion volume, flake size and the lowest percentage of unpopped kernel values among genotypes. 5 > D > 6 mm kernel fraction and the conventional method produced higher popcorn quality in all popcorn cultivars. The optimum moisture levels for the highest expansion volume changed between 12 and 14% for different cultivars. The correlation coefficient between kernel properties (width, sphericity, L, a and b) and expansion volume were found significant (P < 0.01) in microwave popping method. Color a had high direct effects on expansion volume in conventional and microwave popping methods according to path coefficient analysis. L values of popcorn cultivars negatively correlated with expansion volume in both popping methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Physical parameters like width, sphericity and color values were found important in predicting popping quality. Color values should be used to predict expansion volume instead of classic physical properties for ease ofmeasurement. Conventional popping method, 5 > D > 6 kernel size and 12,14% moisture content parameters should be used for optimum popcorn quality. [source] Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in livers of morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Hong Ma Abstract Background and Aim:, Obesity is one of the risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a common disease that comprises simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and can eventually lead to liver cirrhosis. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has anti-obesity, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties, and is considered to possess a hepatoprotective function. Its role in the development and progression of NAFLD in morbidly obese patients is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in liver biopsies of morbidly obese patients and then determined whether there was an association with the disease severity. Methods:, Liver biopsies from 30 morbidly obese patients (18 NASH vs 12 steatosis) were analyzed. The needle core biopsies were subjected to routine histological examination and stained immunohistochemically for adiponectin, adiponectin receptor I (adipoRI) and receptor II (adipoRII). Results:, The two groups were comparable with respect to body mass index, age and gender distribution. The expression of adiponectin decreased in liver biopsies with NASH as compared to those with simple steatosis (1.61 ± 0.70 vs 2.25 ± 0.75, P = 0.028). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that the staining intensity of adiponectin negatively correlated with the grade of inflammation (r = ,0.368, P = 0.045) and stage of fibrosis (r = ,0.380, P = 0.038). There was no significant difference in expression of adipoRI and adipoRII between the two groups. Conclusion:, These findings indicate that decreased liver adiponectin expression may play a role in the development and progression of NAFLD, from simple steatosis to NASH, in morbidly obese patients. [source] | |||||||||||||