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Clear Recommendations (clear + recommendation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND BENEFIT SHARING

DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 3 2006
FATIMA ALVAREZ-CASTILLO
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to show that any process of benefit sharing that does not guarantee the representation and participation of women in the decision-making process, as well as in the distribution of benefits, contravenes a central demand of social justice. It is argued that women, particularly in developing countries, can be excluded from benefits derived from genetic research because of existing social structures that promote and maintain discrimination. The paper describes how the structural problem of gender-based inequity can impact on benefit sharing processes. At the same time, examples are given of poor women's ability to organise themselves and to achieve social benefits for entire communities. Relevant international guidelines (e.g. the Convention on Biodiversity) recognise the importance of women's contributions to the protection of biodiversity and thereby, implicitly, their right to a share of the benefits, but no mechanism is outlined on how to bring this about. The authors make a clear recommendation to ensure women's participation in benefit sharing negotiations by demanding seats at the negotiation table. [source]

Managing Design for Competitive Advantage A Process Approach

DESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 4 2000
Eric M. Olson
FOR EXECUTIVES who want to strengthen the design/ business relationship, Eric Olson, Stanley Slater, and Rachel Cooper make some clear recommendations. Make sure designers and design managers understand the organization's competitive strategy; enumerate the design elements inherent in that strategy; nurture open communication between design and other functions; develop design briefs that stimulate creativity at the same time they reinforce business strategy; and measure performance. It's advice that's both sound and challenging. [source]

Community psychiatric nurses' experience of working with people who engage in deliberate self-harm

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2008
Andrew R. Thompson
ABSTRACT:, This paper reports on a study that explored community psychiatric nurses' experiences of working with people who self-harm. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used with eight experienced community psychiatric nurses who participated in semi-structured interviews. Established quality control procedures were utilized including audit of the analysis process and validating the results with participants. The participants described struggling to conceptualize self-harm behaviour and generally reported finding working with people who self-harm stressful particularly in terms of managing the emotional impact upon themselves and the boundaries of their professional responsibilities in relation to managing risk. The therapeutic relationship was viewed as crucial and a variety of coping methods to manage the impact of the work, which had largely developed through ,on the job', experience were described. The results highlight the potential difficulties faced by community staff and can be translated into clear recommendations for training and support. [source]

A systematic review of topical skin care in aged care facilities

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2007
Brent Hodgkinson BSc
Aim., This systematic review aimed to evaluate the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of topical skin care interventions for residents of aged care facilities. Introduction., Natural changes to skin, as well as increased predisposition to pressure sores and incontinence, means residents of aged care facilities readily require topical skin care. A range of interventions exist that aim to maintain or improve the integrity of skin of older adults. Methods., Pubmed, Embase, Current Contents, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library databases were searched, as well as Health Technology Assessment websites up to April 2003. Systematic reviews and randomized or non-randomized controlled trials were evaluated for quality and data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Results., The effectiveness of topical skin interventions was variable and dependent on the skin condition being treated. Studies examined the effectiveness of washing products on incontinence irritated skin. Disposable bodyworns may prevent deterioration of skin condition better than non-disposable underpads or bodyworns. Clinisan, a no-rinse cleanser may reduce the incidence of incontinence associated pressure ulcers when compared with soap and water. Conclusion., In general the quality of evidence for interventions to improve or maintain the skin condition in the older person was poor and more research in this area is needed. Relevance to Clinical Practice., Skin care is a major issue for nurses working with older people. On the basis of this review no clear recommendations can be made. This lack of strong evidence for nurses to base effective practice decisions is problematic. However, the ,best' evidence suggests that disposable bodyworns are a good investment in the fight against skin deterioration. No rinse cleansers are to be preferred over soap and the use of the bag bath appears to be a useful practice to reduce the risk of dry skin (a risk factor for breaches in skin integrity). [source]

Toward future therapies in progressive supranuclear palsy

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue S12 2005
David J. Burn MD
Abstract There is a stern therapeutic challenge for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) that has not yet been met. The lack of randomized, controlled trials and negative outcomes from the vast majority of studies make it impossible to set therapeutic standards, or to give clear recommendations. We review progress to date in this area and briefly consider future potential therapeutic strategies. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies discordant for fetal anencephaly: a systematic review of prenatal management options

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 4 2008
Annelies Lust
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective feticide (SF) compared to expectant management (EM) on perinatal outcome in dichorionic and monochorionic twins discordant for anencephaly. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of literature and added ten unpublished cases. As a result, we found that in dichorionic twins, mean gestational age (GA) at birth in the SF group was 38.0 weeks versus 34.9 weeks (P = 0.0002). Mean birth weight was 2922 g in the SF group versus 2474 g (P = 0.03). In monochorionic twins, mean GA at birth was 35.2 weeks versus 32.7 weeks (P = 0.1). Mean birth weight was 2711 g versus 1667 g (P = 0.0001). We conclude that while SF does not reduce perinatal mortality, it does result in significantly longer gestations and higher birth weight, and appears to be the management of choice in dichorionic twins discordant for anencephaly. In monochorionic twins, SF also increases birth weight, but in view of the complexity of this group, no clear recommendations can be made. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]