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Clonal Groups (clonal + groups)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Clonal groups of high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from municipal wastewater and clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
M. Saifi
Abstract Aims:, Clonality among high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (HLGR-EF) isolates obtained from clinical and sewage treatment plants (STP) were investigated using PhePlate system (PhP), ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Methods and Results:, During 1 year study (September 2005,2006), a total of 106 HLGR-EF isolates were collected from clinical (n = 48) and STP (n = 58) samples in Tehran, Iran. Biochemical fingerprinting of these isolates using the PhP showed the presence of 21 PhP types (diversity index, Di = 0·97) among the clinical and 21 PhP types (Di = 0·91) among the STP isolates. Representative isolates of each PhP type (n = 42) were further characterized by the ribotyping method. Sixteen ribotypes were identified among the isolates with five types shared between the clinical and STP isolates. PFGE recognized 24 clonal types among these isolates with three pulsotypes shared between the clinical and STP isolates. Combination of the two techniques (PFGE and ribotyping) resulted in 24 (Di = 0·96) and 16 (Di = 0·93) types among the strains isolated from clinical and STP samples, respectively. Conclusions:, We concluded that the combination of PhP typing, ribotyping and PFGE could be extremely discriminatory when examining HLGR-EF isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The emergence of highly diverse HLGR-EF population in Iran is of serious concern especially because of their multi-resistances. [source]

Repetitive elements sequence (REP/ERIC)-PCR based genotyping of clinical and environmental strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A reveal existence of limited number of clonal groups

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2004
Pooja Sachdeva
Abstract REP- and ERIC-PCR genotyping were used to assess genetic heterogeneity among 81 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A isolated from India, Germany, France and the USA. Although both gave comparable results, ERIC fingerprints discriminated the strains better. The rep- (REP and ERIC) PCR genotyping showed that strains having different serotypes produced identical rep-profiles indicating their limited genetic diversity. The concatenated dendrogram of REP- and ERIC-PCR fingerprints clustered the biotype 1A strains into two major groups. In each group, majority of the Indian, European and American strains exhibited similarities ranging from 85% to >95%. Similarity of rep-PCR fingerprints amongst strains isolated from widely separated geographical regions revealed existence of a limited number of clonal groups of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A. The present study failed to reveal unequivocal relationships between rep-PCR genotypes and the source of isolation. However, the clinical serotype O:6,30-6,31 strains formed a tight cluster and the aquatic O:6,30-6,31 strains formed a yet another tight cluster. [source]

Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic group patterns in human and porcine urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli

APMIS, Issue 11 2009
VIKTORIA HANCOCK
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals such as pigs. The most frequent infectious agent in such infections is Escherichia coli. Virulence characteristics of E. coli UTI strains range from highly virulent pyelonephritis strains to relatively benign asymptomatic bacteriuria strains. Here we analyse a spectrum of porcine and human UTI E. coli strains with respect to their antibiotic resistance patterns and their phylogenetic groups, determined by multiplex PCR. The clonal profiles of the strains differed profoundly; whereas human strains predominantly belonged to clonal types B2 and D, these were not seen among the porcine strains, which all belonged to the E. coli clonal groups A and B1. Contrary to the human strains, the majority of the porcine strains were multidrug resistant. The distinct profiles of the porcine strains suggest selective pressure due to extensive antibiotic use. [source]

A Standard Protocol for Liana Censuses,

BIOTROPICA, Issue 2 2006
Jeffrey J. Gerwing
ABSTRACT A recent increase in published studies of lianas has been paralleled by a proliferation of protocols for censusing lianas. This article seeks to increase uniformity in liana inventories by providing specific recommendations for the determination of which taxa to include, the location of diameter measurement points on individual stems, the setting of minimum stem diameter cutoffs, the treatment of multiple-stemmed and rooted clonal groups, and the measurement of noncylindrical stems. Use of more uniform liana censusing protocols may facilitate comparison of independently collected data sets and further our understanding of global patterns in liana abundance, diversity, biomass, and dynamics. RESUMEN El reciente incremento de publicaciones sobre bejucos ha estado acompañado por una proliferación de protocolos para censarlos. Este artículo busca incrementar la uniformidad de los inventarios de lianas dando recomendaciones específicas sobre los taxa que deben incluirse, la ubicación de los puntos de medición del diámetro en tallos individuales, el establecimiento de diámetros mínimos de medición, la forma de tratar a grupos de tallos múltiples y clones arraigados, y la medición de tallos no cilíndricos. El uso de protocolos de medición más uniformes facilitará la comparación de bases de datos colectadas de forma independiente y incrementará nuestro entendimiento de patrones globales de abundancia, diversidad, biomasa y dinámica de lianas. [source]