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Selected AbstractsPervasive developmental disorders in individuals with cerebral palsyDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2009AYSE KILINCASLAN MD The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and associated factors of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), including autistic disorder and PDD not otherwise specified (NOS), in a clinical sample of 126 children and adolescents (75 males, 51 females; age range 4,18y, mean 8y 8mo, SD 3y 8mo) with tetraplegic, hemiplegic, diplegic, dyskinetic, or mixed types of cerebral palsy (CP); 28% could not crawl or walk even with support, 29% could move with support, and 43% walked independently. Participants were examined for PDD in two stages. In the first stage, probable participants were determined by direct observation, Autism Behavior Checklist score, and medical reports. In the second stage, those with ,probable' symptoms underwent psychiatric examination and their autistic symptoms were scored on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The final diagnosis of autistic disorder or PDD-NOS was given according to DSM-IV criteria. Fourteen (11%) and five (4%) of the participants met the criteria for autistic disorder and PDD-NOS respectively. Children with CP and PDD differed from those without PDD in terms of type of CP (p=0.02), presence of epilepsy (p<0.001), intellectual level (p<0.001), and level of speech (p<0.001). PDD was more common in children with tetraplegic, mixed, and hemiplegic CP, and in children with epilepsy, learning disability,, and low level of speech. The findings corroborate the notion that CP is a complex disorder, often associated with additional impairments. PDD is not rare in CP and should be considered in patients with comorbid conditions such as epilepsy, learning disability, and language delay and in the presence of tetraplegic, mixed, and hemiplegic CP types. [source] Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Behavior in Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2006Hsueh-Yu Li MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Children with sleep-disordered breathing may experience behavioral and learning problems such as inattentiveness and hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of adenotonsillectomy on sleep-related adverse events and behavioral problems in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Method: This prospective and interventional study enrolled 40 sleep-disordered breathing children (mean age, 8.4 ± 1.6 years) with hypertrophic tonsils and adenoids. All patients completed two polysomnographies, tests of variables of attention (TOVAs), and Child Behavior Checklists, one at baseline and the other 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. Results: The apnea,hypopnea index (P < .001), TOVA scores (P < .001), and 8 of 9 individual domains of the Child Behavior Checklist scores (P < .05) significantly improved after surgery. However, the change in the apnea,hypopnea index was not negatively correlated with TOVA score (r = ,0.17, P = .38). Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy could significantly improve behavior (TOVA) scores, but the improvement may not simply be attributable to changes in sleep apnea events. [source] Behavioral profile of Alzheimer's disease in Chinese elderly , a validation study of the Chinese version of the Alzheimer's disease behavioral pathology rating scaleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 4 2001Linda C. W. Lam Abstract Objectives This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Alzheimer's disease behavioral pathology rating scale (CBehave-AD) and the behavioral profile of Chinese patients with AD. Methods Seventy-one subjects with NINCDS-ADRDA diagnosis of probable and possible AD were assessed for validation of the CBehave-AD. A behavioral symptom frequency checklist, the Chinese version of the Blessed Roth dementia scale (CDS) and the Cantonese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) were used for comparison. An extended sample of 120 AD patients was then evaluated with the CBehave-AD. Results High correlations between the CBehave-AD and checklist scores were found (paranoid and delusional ideation, hallucinations, activity disturbances, aggressiveness and diurnal rhythm disturbances). The scale also demonstrated satisfactory inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. The mean (SD) CMMSE score of the 120 patients was 9.4 (7.1). Among them, 32% have delusions, 15% had hallucinations, 54% had activity disturbances, 61% had aggressive behavior, 44% had sleep disturbance, 24% had affective disturbances, 19% had anxiety and phobias. Delusional ideation was significantly associated with hallucinations, aggressiveness, and affective disturbances. Diurnal rhythm disturbances were associated with activity disturbances and aggressiveness. CBehave-AD total scores were not significantly correlated with severity of AD, but individual symptom categories showed different pattern of correlation. Delusions, hallucinations, anxiety and phobias were significantly correlated with dementia staging. Conclusion The findings suggest that the CBehave-AD is a valid assessment tool for behavioral disturbances in patients with AD. Variable associations between different symptom categories and dementia staging suggest a need for further exploration of the complex interactions between behavioral and cognitive disturbances in dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of candidate familiarity on examiner OSCE scoresMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 9 2007Ann Jefferies Context, Although examiners are a large source of variability in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), the exact causes of examiner variance remain understudied. Objective, This study aimed to determine whether examiner familiarity with candidates influences candidate scores. Methods, A total of 24 candidates from 4 neonatal-perinatal training programmes participated in a 10-station OSCE. Sixteen trainees and 7 examiners came from a single centre (site A) and 8 candidates and 5 examiners came from the other 3 centres. Examiners completed station-specific binary checklists and an overall global rating; standardised patients (SPs) and standardised health professionals (SHPs) completed 4 process ratings and the overall rating. A fixed-effect, 2-way analysis of variance was performed to ascertain whether there was interaction between examiner site and candidate site. Results, Interstation Cronbach's , was 0.80 for the examiner checklist, 0.88 for the examiner global rating and 0.88 for the SP or SHP global rating. Although the checklist scores awarded by site A examiners were significantly higher than those awarded by non-site A examiners, there was no significant interaction between examiner and candidate site (P = 0.124). Similarly, the interaction between examiner and candidate site for the global rating was not significant (P = 0.207). Global ratings awarded by SPs and SHPs were also higher in stations where site A faculty examined site A candidates, suggesting the observed differences may have been related to performance. Conclusions, Results from this small dataset suggest that examiner familiarity with candidates does not influence how examiners score candidates, confirming the objective nature of the OSCE. Confirmation with a larger study is required. [source] | ||||||||||