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Chenodeoxycholic Acid (chenodeoxycholic + acid)
Selected AbstractsProtective effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on primary culture of rat hepatocytesJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Ryoichi Sohma Abstract Background and Aim:, Recently, we reported on the beneficial clinical effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who were unresponsive to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In this study we examined the effect of EPA on rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Methods:, Hepatocytes were isolated from rat liver by perfusion of collagenase and cultured with or without EPA. Cell damage induced by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was assessed by WST-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. PGE2 and LTB4 concentrations in the culture medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). cDNA was made from total RNA that was extracted from hepatocytes, and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to assess the expression of CuZn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA. Results:, When rat hepatocytes were cultured in the presence of EPA, the damage caused by CDCA was significantly decreased compared with cells cultured without EPA. Cytotoxicity significantly decreased in the presence of EPA. Furthermore, SOD mRNA expression was increased by adding EPA. These findings indicated that EPA protects cells by scavenging superoxide radicals (,O2,) mediated by SOD production. Conclusion:, EPA has a direct protective effect on rat hepatocytes, which is in agreement with the clinical efficacy of EPA in PBC patients. [source] Determination of multicomponent contents in Calculus bovis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography,evaporative light scattering detection and its application for quality controlJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 10 2010Weijun Kong Abstract A fast ultra-performance liquid chromatography,evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD) method was established for simultaneous quantification of seven components in natural Calculus bovis (C. bovis) and its substitutes or spurious breeds. On a Waters Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column, seven analytes were efficiently separated using 0.2% aqueous formic acid,acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient program. The evaporator tube temperature of ELSD was set at 100°C with the nebulizing gas flow-rate of 1.9,L/min. The results showed that this established UPLC-ELSD method was validated to be sensitive, precise and accurate with the LODs of seven analytes at 2,11,ng, and the overall intra-day and inter-day variations less than 3.0%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 97.8,101.6%, with RSD less than 3.0%. Further results of PCA on the contents of seven investigated analytes suggested that compounds of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid or cholesterol should be added as chemical markers to UPLC analysis of C. bovis samples for quality control and to discriminate natural C. bovis sample and its substitutes or some spurious breeds, then normalize the use of natural C. bovis and ensure its clinical efficacy. [source] Apoptotic cell death does not parallel other indicators of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C patientsJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 3 2000Rodrigues The mechanisms of hepatocyte damage and the events that lead to high rates of chronic liver disease in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain unclear. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that the HCV core protein may disrupt specific signalling pathways of apoptosis. This prompted us to study patients with chronic HCV infection to: determine the extent of apoptosis in the liver; evaluate whether clinical and biochemical data are correlated with histological findings; and to investigate if apoptosis is related to the histological activity of the disease. Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis C were included in the study. Liver histology was scored by using the histological activity index (HAI) of Knodell et al. DNA fragmentation was assessed in liver tissue by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay. Routine methods were used to determine serum markers of liver disease. Bile acids were measured in serum and liver by gas chromatography. Patients were placed, according to their HAI score, into group A (3.8 ± 0.3) or group B (7.8 ± 0.8) (P < 0.01). Liver enzymes tended to be higher in group B patients than in patients of group A. Levels of toxic bile acids in serum were greater in patients than in controls (P < 0.01). Chenodeoxycholic acid values were slightly higher in serum and liver of patients in group A. Liver biopsies with low HAI scores showed an increased rate of apoptosis (18.0 ± 4.0 apoptotic cells per field) compared to those with higher HAI scores (6.6 ± 2.1, P < 0.05) or to controls (3.5 ± 0.4, P < 0.01). Hence, less severe liver disease, associated with lower histological grades and biochemistries, as well as increased levels of chenodeoxycholic acid, induces an expanded apoptotic response. The lower apoptotic rate in advanced liver disease may be associated with the high incidence of hepatocellular dysplasia/neoplasia. [source] Absence of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) in human bile is an indication of cholestasis: A 1H MRS studyNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 5 2009Omkar B. Ijare Abstract The utility of 1H MR spectroscopy in detecting chronic cholestasis has been investigated. The amide proton region of the 1H MR spectrum of human bile plays a major role in differentiating cholestatic (Ch) patterns from the normal ones. Bile obtained from normal bile ducts contains both taurine and glycine conjugates of bile acids , cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Absence of a glycine-conjugated bile acid glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) has been observed in bile samples obtained from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients. A total of 32 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases were included in the study. Twenty-one patients had PSC and 11 had normal cholangiograms. One PSC patient was excluded from the study because of a bad spectrum. Seventeen out of the 20 PSC patients showed an absence of GCDCA in their 1H MR spectrum of bile. Six of the 11 reference patients with normal cholangiogram also showed spectra similar to those of PSC, indicating the possibility of cholestasis. DQF-COSY and TOCSY experiments performed on bile samples from PSC patients also revealed absence of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in some of the bile samples, suggesting possible damage to the cholangiocytes by the toxic bile. These observations suggest that analysis of human bile by 1H MRS could be of value in the diagnosis of chronic Ch liver disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Abnormally low ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid due to a deficiency of 3-oxo-,4 -steroid 5,-reductasePEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2000Akihiko Kimura No abstract is available for this article. [source] Novel Zinc Porphyrin Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis and Spectral, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic PropertiesCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Cheng-Wei Lee Abstract Novel meso - or ,-derivatized porphyrins with a carboxyl group have been designed and synthesized for use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The position and nature of a bridge connecting the porphyrin ring and carboxylic acid group show significant influences on the spectral, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of these sensitizers. Absorption spectra of porphyrins with a phenylethynyl bridge show that both Soret and Q,bands are red-shifted with respect to those of porphyrin 6. This phenomenon is more pronounced for porphyrins 3 and 4, which have a ,-conjugated electron-donating group at the meso position opposite the anchoring group. Upon introduction of an ethynylene group at the meso position, the potential at the first oxidation alters only slightly whereas that for the first reduction is significantly shifted to the positive, thus indicating a decreased HOMO,LUMO gap. Quantum-chemical (DFT) results support the spectroelectrochemical data for a delocalization of charge between the porphyrin ring and the amino group in the first oxidative state of diarylamino-substituted porphyrin 5, which exhibits the best photovoltaic performance among all the porphyrins under investigation. From a comparison of the cell performance based on the same TiO2 films, the devices made of porphyrin 5 coadsorbed with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on TiO2 in ratios [5]/[CDCA]=1:1 and 1:2 have efficiencies of power conversion similar to that of an N3 -based DSSC, which makes this green dye a promising candidate for colorful DSSC applications. [source] | |||||||||||||