			Home About us Contact

Cheek Teeth (cheek + tooth)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	73%
Life Sciences	26%

Selected Abstracts

Equine cheek teeth angle of occlusion: how to calculate and clinical use for incisor shortening

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 3 2004
B. A. Rucker
First page of article [source]

Oral endoscopy as an aid to diagnosis of equine cheek tooth infections in the absence of gross oral pathological changes: 17 cases

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009
P. H. L. RAMZAN
Summary Reasons for performing study: Removal of cheek teeth in all but the aged horse or pony is a serious undertaking with potentially deleterious sequellae. Rigid endoscopy permits detailed examination of the oral cavity and erupted dental tissues and has the potential to assist in the correct identification of the diseased tooth. Objectives: To document oral endoscopic findings associated with infected equine cheek teeth in cases without gross oral pathological changes and thereby determine the usefulness of rigid oral endoscopy as an aid to diagnosis of such infections. Methods: Records of all cases of equine cheek tooth removal attempted under standing sedation over a 38 month period were examined. Cases were excluded from the study if apical infection was associated with gross dental fracture, malalignment, diastema/periodontal pocketing or supernumerary teeth. Endoscopic and radiographic findings were analysed and correlated to diseased tooth location. Results: Seventeen cases of apical dental infection fitting the inclusion criteria (nonresponsive to antibiotics and with no gross oral abnormality of the affected arcade) were identified in which oral endoscopy was used as an aid to diagnosis. In 15 (88%) of the 17 cases, oral endoscopy revealed abnormalities specific to the infected tooth. Focal gingival recession (10/17 cases) was the most common visible abnormality associated with infected teeth. Conclusions: In the majority of cases of apical infection of equine cheek teeth there is visible intraoral evidence implicating the affected tooth. Potential relevance: Oral endoscopy facilitates detailed examination of the mouth and should be considered along with radiography as an important aid to diagnosis in cases of equine dental infection. [source]

Standing oral extraction of cheek teeth in 100 horses (1998-2003)

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005
P. M. DIXON
Summary Reasons for performing study: Extraction of cheek teeth (CT) by the conventional repulsion technique requires general anaesthesia and carries a high rate of post operative complications. Consequently, an alternative method of extraction, i.e. orally in standing horses, was evaluated. Hypothesis: The need for and risks of general anaesthesia could be avoided and post extraction sequelae reduced by performing extractions orally in standing horses. Methods: One hundred mainly younger horses (median age 8, range 2-18 years) with firmly attached CT that required extraction because of apical infections, displacements, diastemata, idiopathic fractures and the presence of supernumerary CT had the affected teeth (n = 111) extracted orally under standing sedation. Follow-up information was obtained for all cases, a median of 16 months later. Results: Oral extraction was successful in 89 horses and unsuccessful in 11 due to damage to the CT clinical crown (n = 9) during extraction, for behavioural reasons (n = 1) and because the apex of a partly extracted CT fell back into the alveolus following sectioning (n = 1). Predispositions to extraction-related CT fractures were present in 5 of the 9 cases, i.e. advanced dental caries (n = 2) and pre-existing ,idiopathic' fractures (n = 3). The iatrogenically fractured CT were later repulsed under standing sedation (n = 3) and under general anaesthesia (n = 6). Eighty-one of the remaining 89 horses had successful oral CT extraction with no or minimal intra- or post operative complications occurring. Post operative complications in the other 8 cases included post extraction alveolar sequestration (n = 3), alveolar sequestration and localised osteomyelitis (n = 1), localised osteomyelitis (n = 1), incorporation of alveolar packing material into alveolar granulation tissue (n = 1), and nasal discharge due to continued intranasal presence of purulent food material (n = 1) and to ongoing sinusitis (n = 1). The above sequelae were treated successfully in all cases, with general anaesthesia required in just one case. Following oral extraction, significantly (P<0.001) fewer post operative problems developed in 54 horses with apically infected CT in comparison with 71 previous cases that had repulsion of apically infected CT at our clinic. Conclusions and potential relevance: Oral extraction of cheek teeth is a successful technique in the majority of younger horses with firmly attached CT and greatly reduces the post operative sequelae, compared with CT repulsion. Additionally, the costs and risks of general anaesthesia are avoided. Further experience and refinement in the described protocol could potentially increase the success of this procedure and also reduce the incidence of post operative sequelae. [source]

External skeletal fixation in the management of equine mandibular fractures: 16 cases (1988,1998)

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001
K. A. BELSITO
Summary Fifty-three cases of equine mandibular fractures were managed surgically from 1988,1998, of which 16 (30%) were repaired by external skeletal fixation (ESF). Three surgical methods were utilised: transmandibular 4.76 or 6.35 mm Steinmann pins incorporated into fibreglass casting material or nonsterile dental acrylic (methyl methacrylate - MMA) bars reinforced with steel; transmandibular 9.6 mm self-tapping threaded pins ± 4.76 or 6.35 mm Steinmann pins incorporated into MMA bars reinforced with steel; and 4.5 mm or 5.5 mm ASIF cortical bone screws incorporated into MMA bars reinforced with steel or a ventral MMA splint. Fourteen horses were presented to the hospital for fixator removal at an average of 56.2 days. At removal, fractures were stable and occlusion of incisor and cheek teeth was considered adequate. Complications of the procedure occurred in 3 horses. Two horses with persistent drainage and ring sequestra from pin tracts required curettage 4 or 5 months after ESF removal. A third horse required replacement of the original fibreglass ESF with MMA bars to regain access to open, infected wounds. Another horse required removal of the second premolar at the time of fixator removal because the tooth root had been damaged in the original injury. ESF for the surgical management of mandibular fractures in horses has produced good results, with incisive and cheek tooth alignment reestablished in all horses. Horses that were managed via ESF had a rapid return to full feed and did not require any supplementation via nasogastric tube or oesophagostomy to maintain bodyweight or hydration status. [source]

Equine dental disease Part 4: a long-term study of 400 cases: apical infections of cheek teeth

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2000
P. M. Dixon
Summary Of 400 horses referred because of equine dental disease, 162 suffered from primary apical infections of their cheek teeth (CT), including 92 with maxillary CT infections and 70 with mandibular CT infections. Maxillary swellings and sinus tracts were more common (82 and 26% incidence, respectively) with infections of the rostral 3 maxillary CT, than with infections of the caudal 3 maxillary CT(39 and 5% incidence, respectively). Nasal discharge was more commonly present with caudal (95%) than rostral (23%) maxillary CT infections. Mandibular CT apical infections commonly had mandibular swellings (91%) and mandibular sinus tracts (59%) and these infections were closely related to eruption of the affected CT. A variety of treatments, including medical treatment, apical curettage, repulsion and oral extraction of affected teeth were utilised in these cases, with oral extraction appearing to be most satisfactory. Infections of caudal maxillary CT with a secondary paranasal sinusitis were most refractory to treatment, with a complete response to the initial treatment achieved in just 33% of these cases. Most other cases responded fully to their initial treatment. The long-term response to treatment was good in most cases. [source]

Equine dental disease Part 3: a long-term study of 400 cases: disorders of wear, traumatic damage and idiopathic fractures, tumours and miscellaneous disorders of the cheek teeth

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000
P. M. Dixon
Summary Of 400 horses referred because of dental disorders, 349 cases were diagnosed as suffering from primary disorders of their cheek teeth. Details of 104 of these cases are presented, including 44 cases with abnormalities of wear, 26 cases with traumatic damage, 24 cases with idiopathic fractures and 10 cases with miscellaneous cheek teeth disorders including oral tumours. The long-term response to treatment was excellent in most cases, even in cases with residual secondary periodontal disease. [source]

Microevolutionary trends in the dentition of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003
E. SZUMA
Abstract Microevolutionary trends in dental traits were studied in a Polish population of the Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758). Changes in qualitative and quantitative traits over a 70-year interval were analysed in 1453 museum specimens collected between 1927 and 1996. Over that period, there were qualitative trends towards increasing complication of occlusal crown surface in posterior premolars (i.e. P4, P3, P4) and I3. Other cheek teeth did not undergo directional change. Changes in trait correlations were assessed using samples from the 1960s and 1990s. The correlations between C1,C1 and M1,M2 increased, while correlation values in the incisor region (I1,I2, I1,I1, I1,I2, I3,I2), carnassial region (P4,M1, P4,M1 and M1,M1) and in P2,P1 decreased. These changes may be related to increasing dietary opportunism of the Red fox during the 20th century. Zusammenfassung In einer polnischen Population des Rotfuchses Vulpes vulpes (Linaeus, 1758) wurden Untersuchungen über den Trend von mikroevolutionären Prozessen an Merkmalen der Bezahnung angestellt. Dabei wurden die Veränderungen in qualitativen und quantitativen Merkmalen während eines Zeitraums von 70 Jahren an 1453 Museumsexemplaren, die zwischen 1927 und 1996 gesammelt worden waren, analysiert. Für diesen Zeitraum wurde ein Trend zu einer zunehmenden Komplikation in der Oberfläche der abschließenden Zahnkrone der hinteren Prämolaren (d.h. P4, P3, P4) und von I3 gefunden. Die anderen Backenzähne waren keinen direktionalen Veränderungen unterworfen. Korrelationen zwischen den Merkmalsveränderungen wurden für die Stichproben aus den 1960er- und 1990er-Jahre analysiert. Die Korrelationen zwischen C1 und C1 und zwischen M1,M2 verstärkten sich, während die Korrelationskoeffizienten in der Region der Schneidezähne (I1,I2, I1,I1, I1,I2, I3,I2), in der Region der Backenzähne und für P2,P1 abnahmen. Die Änderungen dürften auf einem zunehmenden Nahrungsopportunismus der Rotfüchse während des 20. Jahrhunderts beruhen. [source]

Tooth succession in the greater cane rat Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck, 1827)

JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
M. van der Merwe
Abstract Tooth succession was followed in captive greater cane rats Thryonomys swinderianus of known ages with the aid of regular radiographs. The incisors and single premolar tooth (dP 4/4) in each quadrant are persistent deciduous teeth that are not replaced by permanent teeth. Tooth succession is relatively slow, with eruption of the lower cheek teeth in advance of the upper ones. During the first 5 months of post-natal development, three cheek teeth per quadrant become functional. Another 5 months elapse before the fourth cheek tooth erupts. The same slow growth can be seen in the increase in mass, which only doubles 5 months after puberty (5 months). [source]

Commissurotomy for improving access to the oral cavity of the wombat

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 7 2010
GJ Wilson
Wombats are a grazing marsupial with a diet rich in silicates, which is highly abrasive and results in a higher rate of tooth attrition than in other grazing marsupials such as kangaroos. Any interference in the natural wear process, such as malocclusion or loss of teeth, causes overgrowth of teeth. The small mouth opening of the wombat makes access to the caudal mouth difficult and overgrowth of cheek teeth can be difficult to treat effectively. This case report describes a technique that greatly improves access to allow dental treatment of all overgrown teeth with minimal complications. [source]