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Actual Age (actual + age)
Selected AbstractsBotulinum Toxin Type A Treatment of Multiple Upper Facial Sites: Patient-Reported OutcomesDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2007JEAN CARRUTHERS MD BACKGROUND Aesthetic treatment planning must address subjects' goals and include subject-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) with placebo on subject-reported outcomes and to assess the utility of 64 U of BoNTA to treat the entire upper face. METHODS Forty female subjects were randomized to receive 64 U of BoNTA or identical placebo injections (double-masked) divided among 16 sites of the upper face and were followed for 12 weeks. Subjects unimproved at Week 4 were eligible for open-label BoNTA treatment and were followed through Week 16. Main outcome measures were scores on seven items of the Facial Line Outcomes Questionnaire (FLO-7) and results on the Self-Perception of Age (SPA) for assessing age of appearance relative to actual age. RESULTS BoNTA treatment resulted in significant improvements on the FLO-7 scores that were maintained throughout the study. BoNTA treatment also reduced age of appearance in a majority of subjects. Placebo had no effects on any measure. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Sixty-four-unit BoNTA treatment of upper facial rhytids safely and significantly improves subject-reported outcomes, as measured by the FLO-7 and SPA, and results in a younger, more satisfying, relaxed appearance. [source] Analysis of nutritive sucking function in very low and extremely low birthweight infants in Japan: A pilot studyJAPAN JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE, Issue 1 2005Manami MATSUBARA Abstract Aim:, The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in nutritive sucking patterns between very low, extremely low birth-weight infants (LBWI) and full-term infants (FTI) and to examine the change in those sucking patterns within 5 months after birth. Methods:, Sucking patterns of eight LBWI and seven FTI were compared. In addition, sucking patterns were measured in four of the LBWI and seven of the FTI until 5 months of age to determine change in sucking wave patterns over time. Results:, During the first month after birth, there was a significant difference in the sucking wave between the LBWI and FTI. The sucking cycle time was significantly shorter and the intensity of the sucking pressure was significantly smaller in the LBWI than that in the FTI. By 5 months, significant correlations were noted between the actual age or the modified age and the sucking pressure in both LBWI and FTI. Conclusions:, The findings suggest that the weakness of oral muscular function and less sucking skill can bring about the weakness of intensity of sucking pressure, decreased time of the sucking stage in a sucking cycle, and unstable intensity of sucking pressure and time of the sucking stage in LBWI infants, causing low efficiency of milk intake and smaller amounts of milk swallowing during each sucking period as they obstructs the development of oral muscular function itself. These problems last for a longer period of time in LBWI than in FTI, leading to a deficit in the development of masticatory function in LBWI. The results of the current pilot study will serve as a foundation to investigate the development of masticatory function in LBWI as they grow into early childhood. [source] Validation of daily increment formation in otoliths of juvenile and adult European anchovyJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2003P. Cermeño The otoliths of juveniles and adults of European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus held in aquaria were marked by immersion in oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) at concentrations between 350 and 410 mg l,1 for 12 h. Counts of microincrements between fluorescent bands validated the daily otolith increment formation. The otolith increments were easily readable at ×400 with average increment widths of c. 1·1 µm. Validation was successfully demonstrated in juveniles and adults maintained for short periods in the aquaria in the summer. For European anchovy captured as juvenile and reared to adults, however, increment formation appeared less than daily. The daily periodicity of the otoliths in juvenile European anchovy implies that counting of microincrements can be used to study their birth dates. The application of this technique to adults, however, may lead to the underestimation of actual age and further research needs to be done to clarify the reasons for the apparent loss of the daily rhythm over long periods. [source] The Sociolinguistic Distribution of and Attitudes Toward Focuser like and Quotative likeJOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 1 2000Jennifer Dailey-O'Cain This paper accomplishes three tasks: it considers the actual age and gender distribution of like in a corpus of informal U.S. English, compares the findings of that study with the perceived age and gender distribution as determined by a questionnaire study and a matched-guise study, and analyzes specific sociolinguistic stereotypes associated with this usage. It is found that younger people use both kinds of like more often than older people do, and that men and women use it approximately equally often. The perceived age and gender distribution is quite different, however; young women are perceived as using like most often. Additionally, informants guess the age of like guises as younger than they do the age of non- like guises in a matched-guise study, and also rate like guises more positively in terms of solidarity-based criteria, but less positively in terms of status-based criteria. [source] Could accelerated aging explain the excess mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis?ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2010Cynthia S. Crowson Objective To determine whether the mortality pattern in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is consistent with the concept of accelerated aging, by comparing the observed mortality rates in patients with RA with the age-accelerated mortality rates from the general population. Methods A population-based inception cohort of patients with seropositive RA (according to the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria) was assembled and followed up for vital status until July 1, 2008. The expected mortality rate was obtained by applying the death rates from the general population to the age, sex, and calendar year distribution of the RA population. The observed mortality was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Acceleration factors for the expected mortality were estimated in accelerated failure time models. Results A total of 755 patients with seropositive RA (mean age 55.6 years, 69% women) were followed up for a mean of 12.5 years, during which 315 patients died. The expected median survival was age 82.4 years, whereas the median survival of the RA patients was age 76.7 years. Results of statistical modeling suggested that, in terms of mortality rates, patients with RA were effectively 2 years older than actual age at RA incidence, and thereafter the patients underwent 11.4 effective years of aging for each 10 years of calendar time. Conclusion The overall observed mortality experience of patients with seropositive RA is consistent with the hypothesis of accelerated aging. The causes of accelerated aging in RA deserve further investigation. [source] Understanding risk in hypercholesterolemiaCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue S1 2003John C. Larosa M.D. President Abstract Atherosclerosis was relatively uncommon 100 years ago, when researchers first established its link to elevated cholesterol. As the twentieth century progressed, however, factors such as high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, cigarette smoking, and urbanization combined to increase the prevalence of both hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) throughout the developed world. Atherogenesis begins at an early age and progresses throughout life, and cholesterol levels during young adulthood strongly predict the risk of CHD and related mortality during the ensuing decades. The total cholesterol level in youth also determines the actual age at which a critical level of atherosclerosis will be reached. Early studies on the primary and secondary prevention of CHD failed to identify a linear relationship between lipid lowering and risk reduction, primarily because older lipid-lowering agents lacked the potency to reduce cholesterol levels significantly enough to achieve lower cardiovascular event and mortality rates. The introduction of the statins, with their powerful lipid-lowering activity, overcame this limitation. Several large-scale trials of statins firmly established the efficacy of these agents in both primary and secondary CHD prevention. With the availability of statin therapy, we are now able to reduce the risk of major adverse CHD events by an average of 30%, regardless of patient age or gender. [source] Analysis of Age-at-Death Estimation Using Data from a New, Modern Autopsy Sample,Part I: Pubic Bone,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 5 2010Kristen M. Hartnett Ph.D. Abstract:, This research tests the accuracy of age estimation from the pubic bone. Specimens were collected from decedents of known age, sex, and race at the Forensic Science Center (FSC) in Phoenix, Arizona. The collection consists of pubic bones and fourth rib ends from 419 males and 211 females, ranging in age from 18 to 99. Age-at-death was estimated by three observers using the Suchey,Brooks method. The correlation results indicate that there are significant differences in the observed versus actual ages (r = 0.68169, p < 0.001) and that there are significant interobserver differences. No significant differences were found in the intra-observer tests. The FSC pubic bones were sorted based on morphology without knowing age. New descriptions and age ranges were created. A phase seven was described and is comprised of males and females over 70 years of age-at-death. [source] Age Estimation of Korean Adults by Occlusal Tooth WearJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Jong-Il Yun M.S.D. ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the modified Kim's scoring system as a practical method of recording occlusal tooth wear and estimating age. For this purpose, 1092 pairs of maxillary and mandibular full-arch casts were randomly selected, scored, and analyzed. The results showed that the modified Kim's scoring system had excellent reliability, and that occlusal tooth wear had a positive correlation with age. Tooth wear scores of all teeth except the two lower central incisors were higher in males than in females. Calculating tables for age estimation were designed by multiple linear regression analysis. Estimated ages were within ±5 years of actual ages in 63.5% of male subjects, and 64.0% of female subjects. The accuracy of age estimation was increased when the subjects were divided into two age groups and data were re-analyzed. Collectively, it was shown that the modified Kim's scoring system is a reliable and accurate method for age estimation, and that the data from these 1092 individuals can be used as a standard for age estimation of Korean adults. [source] | ||||||||||