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Acid Pattern (acid + pattern)
Kinds of Acid Pattern Selected AbstractsAltered fatty acid pattern of phospholipids and triglycerides in the submandibular gland of ,3-depleted ratsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2007Christine Delporte Alteration of the phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride (TG) fatty acid pattern was recently documented in several organs of rats depleted in long-chain polyunsaturated ,3 fatty acid (,3 rats). This study extends such a knowledge to the submandibular gland. The total PL and TG content of the salivary gland was not different in control and ,3 rats. The sole ,3 fatty acids found in ,3 rats (C22:5,3 and C22:6,3) were present at levels 3,12 times lower than in control rats. The C22:5,3/C22:6,3 ratio was increased threefold in ,3 rats. The PL and TG C16:0/C16:1,7 and C18:0/C18:1,9 ratios were decreased in ,3 rats. The conversion of C18:2,6 to C20:4,6 and C22:4,6 appeared facilitated in the ,3 rats. Some of these rats were injected intravenously, 60,120 min before killing, with either a medium-chain triglyceride:fish oil emulsion or a control medium-chain triglyceride:olive oil emulsion. The former emulsion increased the PL C22:5,3 and C22:6,3 content and prevented the age-related decrease in C16:0/C16:1,7 and C18:0/C18:1,9 ratios otherwise also recorded in PL. In conclusion, these findings document an increased activity of ,9-desaturase, a more efficient conversion of C18:2,6 to its metabolites, and an impaired generation of C22:6,3 from C22:5,3 in ,3 rats. [source] Faecal short chain fatty acid pattern and allergy in early childhoodACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2009Anna Sandin Abstract Aim: To investigate whether functional changes of the gut flora over time were related to sensitization and allergic symptoms at four years of age. Methods: The levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faecal samples at one (n = 139) and four (n = 53) years of age were related to the development of positive skin prick tests (SPT) and allergic symptoms during the first four years of life. Results: Faecal acetic (p < 0.01) and propionic (p < 0.01) acids decreased from one to four years of age, while valeric acid (p < 0.001) increased. Low levels of i-butyric (p = 0.01), i-valeric (p = 0.03) and valeric acids (p = 0.02) at one year were associated with questionnaire-reported symptoms of food allergy at four years. Positive SPTs and allergic symptoms at four years were associated with low faecal levels of i-butyric, i-valeric and valeric acids. At one year of age, infants with, as compared to without older siblings had higher median levels of valeric acid. Conclusion: A slow functional maturation of the gut microflora, as measured by faecal levels of SCFAs is associated with allergy both at one and four years. The findings lend further support to an association between allergy and the development of microbial diversity. [source] Metabolic effects in neonates receiving intravenous medium-chain triglyceridesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2002G Angsten The effects of two lipid emulsions, one with 50% each of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides, and a long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion as a control, were evaluated for lipid and carnitine metabolism and respiratory quotient when given to neonates after major surgery during a short period of total parenteral nutrition. Each group included 10 neonates, and all tolerated the total parenteral nutrition well. The relative contents of linoleic acid and ,-linolenic acid increased in all lipid esters in plasma and adipose tissue in both groups, indicating that the content of these fatty acids is sufficient even in the medium-chain triglycerides emulsion. The serum concentration of ketones was within normal limits. Free fatty acids in plasma did not increase in either group. The total plasma carnitine concentration decreased in both groups but the distribution of free carnitine and acylcarnitine did not change. The total muscle carnitine did not change significantly but the ratio of acylcarnitine to free carnitine tended to increase in muscle in the treatment group, probably an effect of the medium-chain triglyceride supplementation. Conclusions: The two groups displayed the same fatty acid pattern in plasma and adipose tissue and the same respiratory quotient during the treatment period. Regarding carnitine status, essentially the same changes were seen in the two groups. However, discrete changes were seen in muscle tissue in the treatment group. [source] Hydrocarbon accumulation by picocyanobacteria from the Arabian GulfJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001R.H. Al-Hasan Aims:,The objective of this work was to study picocyanobacteria in the Arabian Gulf water in relation to oil pollution. Methods and Results:,Epifluorescent microscopic counting showed that offshore water samples along the Kuwaiti coast of the Arabian Gulf were rich in picocyanobacteria which ranged in numbers between about 1 × 105 and 6 × 105 ml,1. Most dominant was the genus Synechococcus; less dominant genera were Synechocystis, Pleurocapsa and Dermocarpella. All isolates grew well in an inorganic medium containing up to 0·1% crude oil (w/v) and could survive in the presence of up to 1% crude oil. Hydrocarbon analysis by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) showed that representative strains of the four genera had the potential for the accumulation of hydrocarbons (the aliphatic n -hexadecane, aromatic phenanthrene and crude oil hydrocarbons) from aqueous media. Electron microscopy showed that the cells of these strains appeared to store hydrocarbons in their inter thylakoid spaces. Analysis by GLC of constituent fatty acids of total lipids and individual lipid classes from representative picoplankton strains grown in the absence and presence of hydrocarbons showed, however, that the fatty acid patterns were not markedly affected by the hydrocabon substrates, meaning that the test strains could not oxidize the accumulated hydrocarbons. Conclusions:,The Arabian Gulf is among the water bodies of the world richest in picocyanobacteria. These micro-organisms accumulate hydrocarbons from the water body, but do not biodegrade these compounds. It is assumed that hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria that were always found associated with all picocyanobacteria in nature may carry out the biodegradation of these compounds. Significance and Importance of the Study:,The results shed light on the potential role of picocyanobacteria in controlling marine oil pollution. [source] A new classification of HLA,DRB1 alleles differentiates predisposing and protective alleles for rheumatoid arthritis structural severityARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2006Pierre-Antoine Gourraud Objective A new classification of HLA,DRB1 alleles supporting the shared epitope hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility was recently introduced. We investigated the relevance of this classification in terms of the structural severity of RA. Methods The study group comprised 144 patients who were included in a prospective longitudinal cohort of French Caucasoid patients with early RA. Progression of the total radiographic damage score (Sharp/van der Heijde method) was used to quantify the structural severity of RA after 4 years of followup. HLA,DRB1 typing and subtyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction, using a panel of sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. HLA,DRB1 alleles were classified according to the above-mentioned new system. The association between the HLA,DRB1 allele groups (S1, S2, S3P, S3D, and X) and the structural severity of RA was analyzed with nonparametric statistical tests. Results The presence of S2 alleles (HLA,DRB1*0401 and HLA,DRB1*1303) was associated with severe forms of RA (P = 0.004); a significant dose effect was observed (P = 0.01). The presence of S3D alleles (HLA,DRB1*11001, HLA,DRB1*1104, HLA,DRB1*12, and HLA,DRB1*16) was associated with benign forms of RA (P < 0.0001), and a significant dose effect was observed (P < 0.01). Conclusion The studied classification of HLA,DRB1 alleles is relevant in terms of RA outcomes. Compared with a previously described classification system, this system differentiates predisposing (S2) and protective (S3D) alleles for RA structural severity, which, respectively, correspond to KRRAA and DRRAA amino acid patterns at position 70,74 of the third hypervariable region of the HLA,DR, chain. [source] Changes in Plasma Amino Acids During Extracorporeal Liver Support by Fractionated Plasma Separation and AdsorptionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 2 2010Kinan Rifai Abstract In patients with liver failure, amino acid dysbalance is common and associated with hepatic encephalopathy. Prometheus is a newly designed extracorporeal liver support system based upon fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (FPSA). We evaluated the influence of FPSA on plasma amino acid patterns in patients with liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. We studied nine patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and concomitant renal failure. A single session of FPSA therapy for 5 ± 1 h was performed in all patients. Twenty-six different plasma amino acids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography before and after FPSA treatment. Total amino acids as well as Fischer index were calculated. Additionally, a variety of clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed. Before FPSA was started, plasma levels of most amino acids were elevated. Plasma ammonia levels correlated with glutamine levels (P < 0.04). During FPSA, plasma levels of nearly all amino acids significantly decreased except for branched-chain amino acids. The Fischer index improved without reaching statistical significance. FPSA therapy tends to normalize plasma amino acids in patients with combined liver and renal failure. This may contribute to positive pathophysiologic effects, especially on hepatic encephalopathy. However, the clinical significance of these findings needs to be further evaluated. [source] | ||||||||||