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Acid Detergent Fibre (acid + detergent_fibre)
Selected AbstractsYield and Forage Quality of Different ×Festulolium Cultivars in WinterJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006W. Opitz v. Boberfeld Abstract ×Festulolium ssp. are of particular interest as autumn-saved herbage in the winter grazing system, but information concerning their performance in this low-input system is not available. To this end, we examined dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality in winter of four different cultivars of ×Festulolium ssp. (×Festulolium pabulare, Festulolium braunii), either with festucoid or loloid attributes, compared with Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Furthermore, pre-utilization (accumulation since June or July) and date of winter harvest (December or January) were varied examining the influence of different sward management. DM yield, crude protein, metabolizable energy (ME) (in vitro rumen fermentation technique), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ergosterol concentration were determined. Within all years, the festucoid cultivars (mean 3.4 t ha,1) attained significant higher yields during winter than the loloid cultivars (mean 1.6 t ha,1), but their yields were comparable with F. arundinacea (mean 3.0 t ha,1). Crude protein was decisively influenced by the different yield levels of the cultivars resulting in higher values for the loloid cultivars. Energy concentrations decreased with later winter harvest, whereas ADF as well as ergosterol concentrations frequently increased from December to January. The greatest differences between festucoid and loloid cultivars were generally observed during severe winters. Obviously, the festucoid cultivars were better adapted to a utilization as autumn-saved herbage than the cultivars with rather loloid attributes. However, the hybrids did not surpass F. arundinacea regarding yield and quality. [source] Spring Cereals for Forage and Grain Production in a Cool Maritime ClimateJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003A. G. Todd Abstract Newfoundland's climate is marginal for agricultural production. The availability of locally grown cereal grain and high-quality forage are major limitations to successful animal agriculture in this region. Here, our overall objective was to compare several spring cereal species for both annual forage and grain production in Newfoundland's cool Maritime climate. Several varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aesitivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.),cereal mixtures for forage yield and quality, as well as grain yield and maturity, were compared in field trials on the east and west coasts in both 1999 and 2000. Barley headed earliest, yielded greatest forage dry matter, had lowest forage protein and acid detergent fibre (ADF) percentages, and had neutral detergent fibre (NDF) mean values greater than those of pea,cereal mixtures, but less than those of oats and wheat. Forage harvested from pea,cereal mixtures was similar to that of barley for yield, ADF and NDF, while P and protein percentage were much greater. Barley matured 10,15 days earlier than both wheat and oats. In general terms, all three spring cereals exhibited similar grain yield potential. Oats tillered less, but compensated by producing more kernels spike,1. Days to maturity for cereal grains in western Newfoundland were roughly similar to those reported for the Maritime provinces of Canada. Yield and maturity results for both forage and grain production suggest that eastern Newfoundland is a unique agro-ecoregion in North America, and agronomic recommendations specific to other regions may not be applicable in this region. [source] Effect of supplemental Bacillus cultures on rumen fermentation and milk yield in Chinese Holstein cowsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010G. H. Qiao Summary Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental 100 g/day of live Bacillus cultures (2 × 1011 cell of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) on rumen fermentation as well as milk yield and composition in Chinese Holstein cows. In experiment 1, investigating 3 × 10 cows, milk yield and milk protein were increased by using B. licheniformis (p < 0.05) in comparison with an unsupplemented group and the B. subtilis group. Body weight was not significantly affected by Bacillus culture supplementation (p > 0.05). Percentage of milk fat and lactose was not significantly different between treatments (p > 0.05). But milk protein increased with B. licheniformis supplementation (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, carried out with three non-lactating ruminally and duodenally fistulated cows, results showed that B. licheniformis supplementation increased microbial crude protein flow into duodenum (p < 0.05) and decreased the ammonia nitrogen concentration in ruminal fluid at 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h after morning feeding (p < 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis supplementation increased total VFA and acetate concentration in ruminal fluid at 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h after morning feeding (p < 0.05). Bacillus subtilis had no significant effect on rumen fermentation characteristics, duodenal microbial N flow and ruminal apparent nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis increased ruminal apparent nutrient digestibility of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and organic matter (p < 0.05). [source] Effect of feeding complete feed block containing Prosopis cineraria leaves and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 on nutrient intake, its utilization, rumen fermentation pattern and rumen enzyme profile in kidsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 11 2005Raghavendra Bhatta Abstract A study was carried out to determine the effect of replacing the cake portion of concentrate mixture with 5 parts polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 in a complete feed block (CFB) containing Prosopis cineraria leaves on the performance, rumen fermentation pattern and rumen enzyme profile of kids under an intensive system of rearing. Eighteen weaners of Sirohi goat of similar body weight (16.0 ± 0.5 kg) and age (90 ± 5 days) were divided into three equal groups. They were housed in individual cages in a side open asbestos roof shed with mud floor. All the kids received CFBs containing 50 parts P cineraria leaves and 50 parts concentrate mixture. CFB offered to the first group had high protein (183.8 g kg,1; HP), that offered to the second group had low protein (131.3 g kg,1; LP) and that offered to the third group had low protein (124.7 g kg,1) but contained PEG-6000 (LP-PEG). The concentrate mixtures in LP and LP-PEG were without groundnut cake, whereas in LP-PEG, groundnut cake was replaced by barley and 5 parts PEG-6000 were incorporated. CFBs were similar in their nutritive value except for crude protein (CP). Prosopis leaves utilized in the CFB contained (g kg,1 dry matter) 129.1 CP, 535.5 neutral detergent fibre, 395.8 acid detergent fibre and 222.8 acid detergent lignin. There were significant differences in dry matter intake (g day,1) between HP (1102), LP (1108) and LP-PEG (1194); the trend in Metabolizable energy intake was similar. During the growth trial, LP kids consumed maximum amount of feed (76.91 kg) followed by HP (75.73 kg) and LP-PEG (73.12 kg). However, maximum feed efficiency (feed consumed kg,1 live weight gain) was recorded in LP-PEG kids (9.59) followed by HP (10.64) and LP (11.60). These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the digestibility of dry matter among the groups, there was significant difference in the digestibility of CP, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. The digestibility of CP was 0.591, 0.484 and 0.645, that of neutral detergent fibre was 0.397, 0.308 and 0.499 and that of acid detergent fibre was 0.168, 0.154 and 0.282 in HP, LP and LP-PEG, respectively. Rumen metabolites studied 6 h after feeding revealed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the concentrations of ammonia N, tri-chloro acetic acid precipitable N and total volatile fatty acids among the three groups, but not pH. The rumen enzyme concentrations showed significant (p < 0.05) differences for ,-amylase, whereas the differences were non-significant for CMcase and protease. After 90 days of feeding trial, the maximum weight gain was recorded in LP-PEG (7.62 kg) followed by HP (7.23 kg) and LP (6.53 kg). It can be concluded that, when kids are reared under an intensive system on complete feed blocks containing Prosopis leaves, high protein concentrate can be replaced with a low protein concentrate containing 5 parts PEG, which would not only alleviate the negative effects of tannin but would also spare expensive groundnut protein. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Chemical composition and ruminal degradability of lucerne (Medicago sativa) productsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 15 2001Arif F Mustafa Abstract A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and in situ nutrient ruminal degradability of three lucerne products. These were dehydrated pellets, sun-cured pellets and cubes. Results of the chemical analysis showed that sun-cured pellets had the highest (P,<,0.05) neutral and acid detergent fibre as well as total carbohydrate levels, followed by cubes and dehydrated pellets respectively. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P,<,0.05) for dehydrated pellets (204.3,g,kg,1), intermediate for sun-cured pellets (160.0,g,kg,1) and lowest for cubes (153.2,g,kg,1). Intermediately degradable CP (buffer-insoluble CP minus neutral detergent-insoluble CP) was the main protein fraction in the three products and was higher (P,<,0.05) in cubes than in dehydrated and sun-cured pellets. Estimated net energy of lactation was highest (P,<,0.05) for dehydrated pellets (5.9,MJ,kg,1), intermediate for cubes (5.23,MJ,kg,1) and lowest (P,<,0.05) for sun-cured pellets (5.15,MJ,kg,1). Results of the in situ experiment indicated that dehydrated pellets had higher (P,<,0.05) ruminal protein degradability than sun-cured pellets and cubes. The estimated ruminal escape protein values for dehydrated pellets, sun-cured pellets and cubes were 361, 420 and 498,g,kg,1 CP respectively. It was concluded that differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability among the three lucerne products were mainly due to differences in stage of maturity. It was also concluded that the dehydration process failed to increase the ruminal escape protein value of dehydrated pellets relative to sun-cured pellets and cubes. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of stalk digestibility and kernel composition in a high-oil maize mutant (Zea mays L.)PLANT BREEDING, Issue 3 2010H.-W. Wang With 1 figure and 5 tables Abstract A high-oil maize inbred line Ce03005 derived from ethylmethane-sulphonate mutagenesis was used to study the genetic basis of stalk digestibility and kernel chemical compositions, and evaluate the genetic relationship between traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping employed 211 lines of F3 and F4 generations derived from Ce03005 × B73. Nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared reflectance spectrometry were used to analyse the following phenotypic traits: stalk digestibility and related traits including in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVNDFD), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), and kernel composition including kernel oil content (KOC), kernel protein content (KPC) and kernel starch content (KSC). Correlation analysis indicated that IVDMD, IVNDFD and WSC were significantly (P = 0.01) positively correlated with KOC, while ADF and NDF were negatively correlated with KOC. Six QTL for IVDMD, five for IVNDFD, six for NDF, eight for ADF, three for WSC, eight for KOC, seven for KPC and 10 for KSC were detected in F3 and F4 generations. Five major QTL (R2 > 10) of qIVDMD6, qIVNDFD6, qNDF6, qADF6, qWSC6 andOlicm6 shared the same confidence interval on chromosome 6. The results suggested that KOC may be closely related or share the same QTL for stalk quality traits, and its change may have influences to the stalk components. [source] | ||||||||||