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Acid Aminotransferase (acid + aminotransferase)
Selected AbstractsInhibition of Diamino Pelargonic Acid Aminotransferase, an Enzyme of the Biotin Biosynthetic Pathway, by Amiclenomycin: A Mechanistic StudyHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 11 2003Stéphane Mann The mechanism of action of amiclenomycin (1a), a naturally occuring inhibitor of diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase, has been established. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of an aromatic adduct between the inhibitor and pyridoxal-5,-phosphate. The structure of the adduct, determined by mass spectrometry, is in agreement with the reported X-ray crystal structure. Kinetic parameters, characteristic of kcat inhibitors, have been observed, with a KI value of 2,,M and a kinact value of 0.4,min,1. The irreversibility of the inactivation observed, in spite of the absence of covalent bond between the inhibitor and the protein, reveals the high affinity of the adduct for the active site. Two other cis -1-amino-4-substituted-cyclohexa-2,5-dienes, 3a and 4a, were also found to efficiently inhibit the enzyme. The trans -isomers were either much less potent (1b) or inactive (3b and 4b). The aminocyclohexadiene moiety, which is, apparently, responsible for the inhibition, could constitute an original pharmacophore for the design of new herbicides. [source] 7,8-Diaminoperlargonic acid aminotransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a potential therapeutic targetFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 20 2006Characterization, inhibition studies Diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase (DAPA AT), which is involved in biotin biosynthesis, catalyzes the transamination of 8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid (KAPA) using S -adenosyl- l -methionine (AdoMet) as amino donor. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DAPA AT, a potential therapeutic target, has been overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity using a single efficient step on a nickel-affinity column. The enzyme shows an electronic absorption spectrum typical of pyridoxal 5,-phosphate-dependent enzymes and behaves as a homotetramer in solution. The pH profile of the activity at saturation shows a single ionization group with a pKa of 8.0, which was attributed to the active-site lysine residue. The enzyme shows a Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic mechanism with strong substrate inhibition with the following parameters: KmAdoMet = 0.78 ± 0.20 mm, KmKAPA = 3.8 ± 1.0 µm, kcat = 1.0 ± 0.2 min,1, KiKAPA = 14 ± 2 µm. Amiclenomycin and a new analogue, 4-(4c -aminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1r -yl)propanol (referred to as compound 1), were shown to be suicide substrates of this enzyme, with the following inactivation parameters: Ki = 12 ± 2 µm, kinact = 0.35 ± 0.05 min,1, and Ki = 20 ± 2 µm, kinact = 0.56 ± 0.05 min,1, for amiclenomycin and compound 1, respectively. The inactivation was irreversible, and the partition ratios were 1.0 and 1.1 for amiclenomycin and compound 1, respectively, which make these inactivators particularly efficient. compound 1 (100 µg·mL,1) completely inhibited the growth of an E. coli C268bioA mutant strain transformed with a plasmid expressing the M. tuberculosis bioA gene, coding for DAPA AT. Reversal of the antibiotic effect was observed on the addition of biotin or DAPA. Thus, compound 1 specifically targets DAPA AT in vivo. [source] Modulation of activity and substrate specificity by modifying the backbone length of the distant interdomain loop of D-amino acid aminotransferaseFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 24 2000Aldo Gutierrez The activity and substrate specificity of d -amino acid aminotransferase ( d -AAT) (EC 2.6.1.21) can be rationally modulated by replacing the loop core (P119-R120-P121) with glycine chains of different lengths: 1, 3, or 5 glycines. The mutant enzymes were much more active than the wild-type enzyme in the overall reactions between various amino acids and pyruvate. The presteady-state kinetic analyses of half-reactions revealed that the 5-glycine mutant has the highest affinity (Kd) among all mutant enzymes and the wild-type enzyme towards various amino acids except d -aspartate. The 5-glycine mutant was much more efficient as a catalyst than the wild-type enzyme because the mutant enzyme showed the highest value of specificity constant (kmax/Kd) for all amino acids except d -aspartate and d -glutamate. The kmax/Kd values of the three mutants decreased with decrease in glycine chain length for each amino acid examined. Our findings may provide a new approach to rational modulation of enzymes. [source] Inhibition of Diamino Pelargonic Acid Aminotransferase, an Enzyme of the Biotin Biosynthetic Pathway, by Amiclenomycin: A Mechanistic StudyHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 11 2003Stéphane Mann The mechanism of action of amiclenomycin (1a), a naturally occuring inhibitor of diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase, has been established. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of an aromatic adduct between the inhibitor and pyridoxal-5,-phosphate. The structure of the adduct, determined by mass spectrometry, is in agreement with the reported X-ray crystal structure. Kinetic parameters, characteristic of kcat inhibitors, have been observed, with a KI value of 2,,M and a kinact value of 0.4,min,1. The irreversibility of the inactivation observed, in spite of the absence of covalent bond between the inhibitor and the protein, reveals the high affinity of the adduct for the active site. Two other cis -1-amino-4-substituted-cyclohexa-2,5-dienes, 3a and 4a, were also found to efficiently inhibit the enzyme. The trans -isomers were either much less potent (1b) or inactive (3b and 4b). The aminocyclohexadiene moiety, which is, apparently, responsible for the inhibition, could constitute an original pharmacophore for the design of new herbicides. [source] Stereospecificity for the hydrogen transfer of pyridoxal enzyme reactionsTHE CHEMICAL RECORD, Issue 5 2001Kenji Soda Abstract We have studied the stereospecificities of various pyridoxal 5,-phosphate dependent enzymes for the hydrogen transfer between the C-4, of a bound coenzyme and the C-2 of a substrate in the transamination catalyzed by the enzymes. Prior to our studies, pyridoxal enzymes so far studied were reported to catalyze the hydrogen transfer only on the si -face of the planar imine intermediate formed from substrate and coenzyme. This finding had been considered as the evidence that pyridoxal enzymes have evolved divergently from a common ancestral protein, because identity in the stereospecificity reflects the similarity in the active-site structure, in particular in the geometrical relationship between the coenzyme and the active site base participating in the hydrogen transfer. However, we found that d -amino acid aminotransferase, branched-chain l -amino acid aminotransferase, and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase catalyze the re -face specific hydrogen transfer, and that amino acid racemases catalyze the nonstereospecific hydrogen transfer. These findings suggest the convergent evolution of pyridoxal enzymes. Crystallographical studies have shown that the stereospecificity reflects the active-site structure of the enzymes, and that the enzymes with the same fold exhibit the same stereospecificity. The active site structure with the catalytic base being situated on the specific face of the cofactor has been conserved during the evolution among the pyridoxal enzymes of the same family. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:373,384, 2001 [source] | ||||||||||