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Accumulation Level (accumulation + level)
Selected AbstractsTrace elements in edible tissues of three shrimp species (Penaeus semisulcatus, Parapenaeus longirostris and Paleomon serratus)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2008Nalan Gokoglu Abstract Accumulation levels of trace elements in edible tissues of three shrimp species (Penaeus semisulcatus, Parapenaeus longirostris and Paleomon serratus) from the Gulf of Antalya, Turkey were investigated. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The lowest Cu (1.33 mg kg,1) and Cd (0.23 mg kg,1) and highest Mn (1.52 mg kg,1) concentrations were found in P. longirostris, the lowest Zn (6.25 mg kg,1), Fe (1.84 mg kg,1) and Mn (0.25 mg kg,1) concentrations in P. serratus and the highest Cu (6.19 mg kg,1), Cd (2.36 mg kg,1), Zn (30.84 mg kg,1) and Fe (33.89 mg kg,1) concentrations in P. semisulcatus. The Cd levels detected in P. semisulcatus and P. serratus were above legislative limits. Our results show that there were significant differences in trace element concentrations among the three shrimp species. The highest levels of the five trace elements investigated, with the exception of Mn, were found in edible tissue of P. semisulcatus. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Diversity of rice glutelin polypeptides in wild species assessed by the higher-temperature sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subunit-specific antibodiesELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 6 2008Nadar Khan Abstract In efforts to find genetic resources with high nutritional value of rice seed, we assessed the diversity of the major storage protein glutelin in 13 wild and 2 cultivated rice species by a unique SDS-PAGE method and subunit-specific antibodies. Maximum separation of microheterogeneous glutelin ,-polypeptides, which is a prerequisite for the diversity evaluation, could be attained by SDS-PAGE performed at higher temperature (45°C) than the generally employed temperatures (4,25°C). Seven antipeptide antibodies were raised against subunit-specific epitope sequences designed at five sites from four variable regions spanning the glutelin ,-polypeptides. High specificity of each antibody was confirmed using rice glutelin mutants, and demonstrated considerable variation in amino acid sequence and accumulation level of glutelin subunit in wild species, in combination with the higher-temperature SDS-PAGE. The degree of the variation was, however, changed according to the site of variable regions and the type of subunit. Some wild species accumulated nutritious GluB subunits more than cultivated rice. The wild species Oryza longiglumis and O. brachyantha had glutelin with low reactivity against most antibodies examined in this study, reflecting the significant divergence. Such wild species may hopefully serve as important genetic resources for nutritional improvement of cultivated rice. [source] Bioaccumulation and ROS generation in liver of freshwater fish, goldfish Carassius auratus under HC Orange No. 1 exposureENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Yuanyuan Sun Abstract HC Orange No. 1 (CAS No. 54381-08-7, 2-nitro-4,-hydroxydiphenylamine) is used as a color additive in hair dyes. In this study, laboratory experiment was carried out to determine HC Orange No. 1 bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in the liver of freshwater fish, goldfish Carassius auratus. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) of HC Orange No. 1 for 10 days, with one group assigned as control. The accumulation of HC Orange No. 1 in liver increased with the exposure concentration (R2 = 0.94). A secondary spin trapping technique was used followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis to study the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. On the basis of the hyperfine splitting constants and shape of the EPR spectrum, the ROS generated in fish liver after exposure was identified as hydroxyl radical (,OH). There is a good correlation between the exposure concentrations and ,OH generation (R2 = 0.92). The ,OH signal intensity of the EPR spectrum showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) when the HC Orange No. 1 concentration was 1.0 mg/L, compared with that of the control. A good positive relationship (R2 = 0.95) was found between the ,OH formation and accumulation level of HC Orange No. 1 in liver. The changes of the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S -transferase (GST), and contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also detected. These observations indicated a possible mechanism of oxidative stress induced by HC Orange No. 1 on fish. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 256,263, 2007. [source] Fractionation of transgenic corn seed by dry and wet milling to recover recombinant collagen-related proteinsBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 5 2009Cheng Zhang Abstract Corn continues to be considered an attractive transgenic host for producing recombinant therapeutic and industrial proteins because of its potential for producing recombinant proteins at large volume and low cost as coproducts of corn seed-based biorefining. Efforts to reduce production costs have been primarily devoted to increasing accumulation level, optimizing protein extraction conditions, and simplifying the purification. In the present work, we evaluated two grain fractionation methods, dry milling and wet milling, to enrich two recombinant collagen-related proteins; thereby, reducing the amount and type of corn-derived impurities in subsequent protein extraction and purification steps. The two proteins were a full-length human recombinant collagen type I alpha 1(rCI,1) chain with telopeptides and peptide foldon to effect triple helix formation and a 44-kDa rCI,1 fragment. For each, ,60% of the rCI,1s in the seed was recovered in the dry-milled germ-rich fractions making up ca. 25% of the total kernel mass. For wet milling, ,60% of each was recovered in three fractions accounting for 20,25% of the total kernel mass. The rCI,1s in the dry-milled germ-rich fractions were enriched three to six times compared with the whole corn kernel, whereas the rCI,1s were enriched 4,10 times in selected wet-milled fractions. The recovered starch from wet milling was almost free of rCI,1. Therefore, it was possible to generate rCI,1-enriched fractions by both dry and wet milling along with rCI,1-free starch using wet milling. Because of its simplicity, the dry milling procedure could be accomplished on-farm thus minimizing the risk of inadvertent release of viable transgenic seeds. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] Influence of salinity on lead and cadmium accumulation by the salt cedar (Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge)JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Eleni Manousaki Abstract BACKGROUND: The removal of heavy metals from polluted soils through the use of suitable plants has attracted much interest over recent decades. In this study Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge has been investigated for the characterization of its metal tolerance and ability to accumulate Pb and Cd, in order to evaluate its effectiveness as a cleanup tool for phytoextraction applications. For this purpose, two hydroponic experiments were performed, one with lead at concentration 100 ppm and a second with cadmium at concentration 5 ppm and at three different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200 mmol L,1 NaCl). RESULTS: The experimental results showed that Pb and Cd accumulation in shoots ranged from 150,270 ppm and 7.5,42 ppm, respectively, and salinity was found to increase metal accumulation in shoots. However, the presence of high metal and salt concentrations affected negatively the health and finally the survival of the plants. CONCLUSION:T. smyrnensis is neither a Pb nor a Cd hyperaccumulator; however, metal accumulation levels in shoots considered together with its high biomass production suggest that it could be used for phytoextraction applications. Furthermore, salinity has a positive influence on Pb and Cd accumulation in harvestable parts of the plant when it remains in low concentrations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Evaluating the Ability of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase Mutants to Produce P(3HB -co- 3HA) from Soybean OilMACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Takeharu Tsuge Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Pseudomonas sp 61-3 (PhaC1Ps) is able to synthesize P(3HB -co- 3HA), consisting of a 3HB unit and medium-chain-length 3HA units of 6,12 carbon atoms. Expression vectors encoding 76 PhaC1Ps mutants with an amino acid replacement at position 130, 325, 477 or 481 were individually introduced into Ralstonia eutropha. The mutant enzyme genes were evaluated in terms of their abilities to synthesize P(3HB -co- 3HA) using soybean oil as a carbon source. 20 mutants showed significantly high accumulation levels of PHA exceeding 30 wt.-% and as high as 57 wt.-%. It was found that hydrophobic amino acids at the positions are more likely to enhance accumulation of PHA in R. eutropha. [source] Variation of freezing tolerance, Cor/Lea gene expression and vernalization requirement in Japanese common wheatPLANT BREEDING, Issue 5 2007M. Ishibashi Abstract Freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement are important traits for adaptation of wheat to growing in a high-latitude area. Fr-1 and Vrn-1, tightly linked on homoeologous group 5 chromosomes, are major loci for controlling the freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement, respectively. It was previously supposed that winter-habit wheat should possess a winter-type Fr-1 allele guaranteeing winter survival, but that such allele is unnecessary for spring-habit cultivars. To clarify such allelic linkage between the Vrn-1 and Fr-1 loci in the D genome, we studied freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement, and compared cold-responsive expression patterns of Cor (cold responsive)/Lea (late-embryogenesis-abundant), their putative transcription factor genes and three Vrn-1 homoeologs in Japanese common wheat cultivars. Wide variation of freezing tolerance and two alleles of Vrn-D1 were observed in the Japanese cultivars, whereas the accumulation levels of the Cor/Lea transcripts were not be correlated with the levels of freezing tolerance. The allelic linkage between Vrn-1 and Fr-1 loci well known in the A genome was not observed in the D genome of Japanese cultivars possessing Vrn-D1 or vrn-D1 allele. [source] | |||||||||||||