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Chlorine Content (chlorine + content)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	80%

Selected Abstracts

Investigation of the derived fuel rod formation from auto shredder residue using an extrusion apparatus

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 3 2006
Hua-Shan Tai
Abstract The objective of this study was to form auto shredder residue,derived fuel (ASRDF) by using an extrusion apparatus, to solve the disposal problems of auto shredder residue (ASR) and to recover the heat value in its combustible content. ASR is the waste material produced by shredding vehicles. In general, these materials contain 20,30% of each vehicle by weight. ASR should be preprocessed into extruded rods before being used for fuel to remove about 20,30% inorganic, incombustible materials and to accommodate easy transportation and storage. The analytical results of ASR indicated the moisture content to be <2%, ash was <20%, and combustibles were nearly 80% by weight. Concentrations of N and S in the ASR were very low, although the chlorine content of ASR was in the range of 1.32,2.79%, which is the main burden of the ASR utilization. The heat content of ASR was about 5000,6000 kcal kg,1 (9000,10,800 BTU lb,1). Particle size had no significant effect on the analytical chemical composition. All the data indicated that ASR had a significant potential use as RDF. Through observations of the appearance and density of the ASRDF rod, we found that better appearance and higher densities could be achieved at higher extrusion temperature and pressure. The heat content of ASRDF was much lower than that of ASR, and it decreased with increasing extrusion temperature and pressure. The reasons for the better appearance, higher densities, and heat loss on the conditions of higher extrusion temperature and pressure may be explained by the proposed die swell ratio and skin,core effect. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006 [source]

Properties and morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid-state-chlorinated polyethylene

JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Yuhong Zhang
Correlations of the stress-strain behavior and impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends with different amounts and chlorine contents of solid-state-chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were studied. The relationships between the morphology and properties of the PVC/CPE blends also were investigated. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that PVC/CPE blends are partially compatible systems and that a certain interaction exists between the two phases. When the amount of CPE (chlorine content, 36,42%) was 7,15 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin), an essentially perfect CPE network was formed, and the blends showed better impact resistance. A Brabender Plasticorder study revealed that CPE can promote the plasticity of PVC and improve its processability. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Fire and flame retardants for PVC

JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
A. William Coaker
The flammability performance of PVC plays a significant role in its selection for many applications. Its relatively high chlorine content (56.8%) makes it more resistant to ignition and burning than most organic polymers. In the case of flexible PVC, the plasticizers that contribute flexibility in most instances detract from its resistance to fire. To meet specifications such as oxygen index, heat release, smoke evolution, or extent of burning in cable tests, flame-retardant (FR) and smoke-suppressant (SS) additives are often incorporated. Synergistic combinations of FR and SS additives help PVC formulations meet many stringent FR specifications cost effectively. [source]

Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of some novel poly(ether ketone)s

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 15 2003
Samir A. Patel
Abstract Low molecular weight poly(ether ketone)s were synthesized from phenol, 1,4-phenylenedioxy diacetylchloride, chloroacetylchloride, and dichloroalkanes [1,2-dichloroethane and dichloromethane] by a Friedel,Crafts reaction with anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst and carbon disulfide as a solvent. The conditions for the preparation of the poly(ether ketone)s and the chlorine contents obtained with the Carius method were examined, and a reaction scheme for each resin was established. The molecular weights and polydispersities of the resins were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The polyketones were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The characteristic frequencies due to different functional groups were assigned. The thermal properties of the resins were studied with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The characteristic temperatures of thermal degradation for the poly(ether ketone)s were evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition reactions of the resins were obtained with Broido and Doyle's method, and the heats of fusion were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. The polyketones were thermally stable up to 200 °C. All the polyketones were tested for their microbial properties against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The effect of poly(ether ketone)s on the growth of these microorganisms was investigated, and the polyketones were found to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms to a considerable extent. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2335,2344, 2003 [source]