Chloride Staining (chloride + staining)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Exposure of rats to hyperoxia enhances relaxation of isolated aortic rings and reduces infarct size of isolated hearts

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 4 2002
P. Tähepõld
ABSTRACT Exposure of rats to hyperoxia before organ harvesting protected their isolated hearts against global ischaemia,reperfusion injury in a previous study. The present study investigates whether hyperoxia influences vasomotor function and regional ischaemia of the heart. Isolated rings of the thoracic aorta were obtained from rats immediately or 24 h after in vivo exposure to 60 min of hyperoxia (>95% O2), and the in vitro dose,response to phenylephrine (PHE), prostaglandin F2, (PGF2,) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was assessed. Hyperoxia in vivo increased the relaxation of aortic rings to Ach and SNP, while it delayed contraction to PHE. The effect was more evident when the vessels were harvested immediately rather than 24 h after hyperoxic exposure. In separate experiments rat hearts were isolated immediately after hyperoxia, buffer-perfused, and subjected to 30 min of regional ischaemia and reperfused for 120 min. Infarct size was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Hyperoxia significantly reduced infarct size. In normoxic controls 23.0 ± 8.3% of the area at risk was infarcted, while in hyperoxic animals infarct size was 14.8 ± 5.6% of the area at risk (P = 0.012). Exposure of rats to hyperoxia modifies the vasomotor response of isolated aortic rings, and reduces the infarct size of isolated rat heart. These novel aspects of hyperoxic treatment require further studies to explore the potential of its clinical application. [source]


Apoptotic and behavioral sequelae of mild brain trauma in mice

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
David Tweedie
Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a not uncommon event in adolescents and young adults. Although it does not result in clear morphological brain defects, it is associated with long-term cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems. Herein, we characterized the biochemical and behavioral changes associated with experimental mTBI in mice that may act as either targets or surrogate markers for interventional therapy. Specifically, mTBI was induced by 30-g and 50-g weight drop, and at 8 and 72 hr thereafter markers of cellular apoptosis,caspase-3, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and cytochrome-c (Cyt-c),were quantified by Western blot analysis in hippocampus ipsilateral to the impact. Levels of amyloid-, precursor protein (APP) were also measured, and specific behavioral tests,passive avoidance, open field, and forced swimming (Porsolt) paradigms,were undertaken to assess learning, emotionality, and emotional memory. In the absence of hemorrhage or infarcts, as assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, procaspase-3 and Bax levels were markedly altered following mTBI at both times. No cleaved caspase-3 was detected, and levels of AIF and Cyt-c, but not APP, were significantly changed at 72 hr. Mice subjected to mTBI were indistinguishable from controls by neurological examination at 1 and 24 hr, and by passive avoidance/open field at 72 hr, but could be differentiated in the forced swimming paradigm. In general, this model mimics the diffuse effects of mTBI on brain function associated with the human condition and highlights specific apoptotic proteins and a behavioral paradigm as potential markers for prospective interventional strategies. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Vitamin A distribution and content in tissues of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica

THE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
Heidi L. Wold
Abstract Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl ester) distribution and content in tissues of a lamprey (Lampetra japonica) were analyzed by morphological methods, namely, gold chloride staining, fluorescence microscopy to detect specific vitamin A autofluorescence, and electron microscopy, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hepatic stellate cells showed an abundance of vitamin A stored in lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Similar cells storing vitamin A were present in the intestine, kidney, gill, and heart in both female and male lampreys. Morphological data obtained by gold chloride staining method, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC quantification of retinol were consistent. The highest level of total retinol measured by HPLC was found in the intestine. The second and third highest concentrations of vitamin A were found in the liver and the kidney, respectively. These vitamin A-storing cells were not epithelial cells, but mesoderm-derived cells. We propose as a hypothesis that these cells belong to the stellate cell system (family) that stores vitamin A and regulates homeostasis of the vitamin in the whole body in the lamprey. Fibroblastic cells in the skin and somatic muscle stored little vitamin A. These results indicate that there is difference in the vitamin A-storing capacity between the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm-derived cells (stellate cells) and somatic and dorsal mesoderm-derived cells (fibroblasts) in the lamprey. Stellate cells derived from the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm have high capacity and fibroblasts derived from the somatic and dorsal mesoderm have low capacity for the storage of vitamin A in the lamprey. Anat Rec Part A 276A:134,142, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Characterizing the diffusion/perfusion mismatch in experimental focal cerebral ischemia

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2004
Xiangjun Meng MD
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) can rapidly detect lesions in acute ischemic stroke patients. The PWI volume is typically substantially larger than the DWI volume shortly after onset, that is, a diffusion/ perfusion mismatch. The aims of this study were to follow the evolution of the diffusion/ perfusion mismatch in permanent and 60- minute temporary focal experimental ischemia models in Sprague-Dawley rats using the intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. DWI and arterial spin-labeled PWI were performed at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after occlusion and lesion volumes (mm3) calculated At 24 hours after MCAO, and infarct volume was determined using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In the permanent MCAO group, the lesion volume on the ADC maps was significantly smaller than that on the cerebral blood flow maps through the first 60 minutes after MCAO; but not after 90 minutes of occlusion. With 60 minutes of transient ischemia, the diffusion/perfusion mismatch was similar, but after reperfusion, the lesion volumes on ADC and cerebral blood flow maps became much smaller. There was a significant difference in 24- hour infarct volumes between the permanent and temporary occlusion groups. [source]