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CHD Risk Factors (chd + risk_factor)
Selected AbstractsMicrochip-based small, dense low-density lipoproteins assay for coronary heart disease risk assessmentELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 9 2008Hua Wang Abstract Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, and there has been an increasing interest in analytical methods for sdLDL profiling for diagnosis. Serum sdLDL may be measured by different laboratory techniques, but all these methods are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. Recently, we have demonstrated that a low-temperature bonding of quartz microfluidic chips for serum lipoproteins analysis (Zhuang, G., Jin, Q., Liu, J., Cong, H. et al., Biomed. Microdevices 2006, 8, 255,261). In contrast to this previous study, we chose SDS as anionic surfactant to modify both lipoproteins and the channel surface to minimize lipoprotein adsorption and improve the resolution of lipoprotein separation. Two major LDL subclass patterns including large, buoyant LDL (lLDL), sdLDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were effectively separated with high reproducibility. RSD values of the migration time (min) and peak areas of standard LDL and HDL were 6.28, 4.02, 5.02, and 2.5%, respectively. Serum lipoproteins of 15 healthy subjects and 15 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were separated by microchip CE. No peaks of sdLDL were detected in serum samples of healthy subjects while sdLDL fractional peaks were observed in patients' entire serum samples. These results suggested that the microchip-based sdLDLs assay was a simple, rapid, and highly efficient technique and significantly improved the analysis of CHD risk factors. [source] Self-rated health and classical risk factors for coronary heart disease predict development of erectile dysfunction 25 years laterINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008R. Borgquist Summary Aim:, To investigate the impact of classical coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors on the development of future erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods and results:, A total of 830 randomly selected subjects were included. Baseline CHD risk factors were evaluated in relation to ED (evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire) 25 years later. At follow-up, 499 men (60%) had some degree of ED. In age-adjusted logistic regression analysis, self-rated health [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09,2.31], family history of CHD (OR 1.75, CI: 1.17,2.61), fasting blood glucose (OR 1.52, CI: 1.14,2.02), triglycerides (OR 1.25, CI: 1.01,1.54), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 1.19, CI: 1.04,1.35), body mass index (OR 1.08, CI: 1.03,1.13) and serum glutamyl transferase (GT) (OR 1.81, CI: 1.23,2.68), predicted ED. Independent predictors were higher age, low self-rated health, higher blood glucose, higher GT and a family history of CHD. Higher SBP was borderline significantly independent (p = 0.05). Furthermore, baseline age-adjusted Framingham risk score for CHD, also predicted future ED (OR 1.20, CI: 1.03,1.38). Conclusions:, Our study supports and expands previous findings that ED and CHD share many risk factors, further underscoring the close link between ED and CHD. Men presenting with ED should be evaluated for the presence of other CHD risk factors. [source] Kidney stone disease and risk factors for coronary heart diseaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 10 2005SATOSHI HAMANO Abstract Background:, We conducted a case-control study to examine the impact of coronal heart disease (CHD) risk factors on calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone formation. Methods:, Variables included body mass index (BMI), current alcohol use, smoking habit, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia. Data suf,cient for analysis were obtained for 181 CaOX stone formers and 187 controls. Results:, Seven of 181 stone formers (3.9%) had a history of CHD compared with none of 187 control subjects (P = 0.007). In univariate logistic regression analysis, smoking habit (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.85,6.84, P < 0.0001), hypertension (OR 4.24, 95% CI 2.61,6.91, P < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.77,5.20, P < 0.0001) and BMI (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04,1.17, P = 0.007) reached statistical signi,cance. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking habit (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.68,6.86, P < 0.0001), hypertension (OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.11,6.07, P < 0.0001), and hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.51,5.00, P = 0.001) reached statistical signi,cance, while BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99,1.12, P = 0.09) did not. Conclusions:, CaOX stone formers are signi,cantly associated with several CHD risk factors, including smoking habit, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. [source] Fibrinogen, homocyst(e)ine, and C-reactive protein concentrations relative to sex and socioeconomic status in British young peopleAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Non-Eleri Thomas This study assesses the prevalence of recently identified coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in young people of differing socioeconomic status (SES). From November 2001 through March 2002, 100 boys and 108 girls, of age 12.9 ± 0.3 years, selected from differing SES were assessed for CHD risk factors. Measurements included fibrinogen (Fg), homocyst(e)ine (Hcy), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Fibrinogen was significantly greater among boys from a higher SES compared with those from a low SES (P , 0.05). Differences according to sex (P , 0.05) were identified for Fg and CRP. The data indicate the prevalence of recently identified CHD risk factors in this cohort of British schoolchildren. For the purpose of this article, the phrase "young people" embraces both children and adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:809,813, 2005.© 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise on Coronary Heart Disease Risk FactorsPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008George A. Kelley DA The authors examined the effects of aerobic exercise on selected coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors using data from previously published meta-analyses. Using a random effects model, the effects of aerobic exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean, 95% confidence interval, ,0.9%, ,1.9% to 0.03%), resting systolic blood pressure (,6.9 mm Hg, ,9.1 to ,4.6 mm Hg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (,3.1 mg/dL, ,6.1 to 0 mg/dL), and body mass index (,1.3 kg/m2, ,2.5 to ,0.1 kg/m2) were either statistically significant or demonstrated a trend for statistical significance. Changes were equivalent to relative reductions of ,8.5%, ,4.7%, ,2.0%, and ,4.5%, respectively. Changes corresponded to estimated 5-year reductions in CHD mortality of 14%, 17%, 1.5%, and 5%, respectively. The results of this review reinforce the idea that aerobic exercise is an important nonpharmacologic intervention for improving selected CHD risk factors. [source] Predicting Coronary Heart Disease after Kidney Transplantation: Patient Outcomes in Renal Transplantation (PORT) StudyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010A. K. Israni Traditional risk factors do not adequately explain coronary heart disease (CHD) risk after kidney transplantation. We used a large, multicenter database to compare traditional and nontraditional CHD risk factors, and to develop risk-prediction equations for kidney transplant patients in standard clinical practice. We retrospectively assessed risk factors for CHD (acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery revascularization or sudden death) in 23 575 adult kidney transplant patients from 14 transplant centers worldwide. The CHD cumulative incidence was 3.1%, 5.2% and 7.6%, at 1, 3 and 5 years posttransplant, respectively. In separate Cox proportional hazards analyses of CHD in the first posttransplant year (predicted at time of transplant), and predicted within 3 years after a clinic visit occurring in posttransplant years 1,5, important risk factors included pretransplant diabetes, new onset posttransplant diabetes, prior pre- and posttransplant cardiovascular disease events, estimated glomerular filtration rate, delayed graft function, acute rejection, age, sex, race and duration of pretransplant end-stage kidney disease. The risk-prediction equations performed well, with the time-dependent c-statistic greater than 0.75. Traditional risk factors (e.g. hypertension, dyslipidemia and cigarette smoking) added little additional predictive value. Thus, transplant-related risk factors, particularly those linked to graft function, explain much of the variation in CHD after kidney transplantation. [source] Epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular diseaseCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue S3 2004Laurence O. Watkins M.D., M.P.H. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. The rate of CHD and CHD death varies across racial groups, with higher rates among black men and women than among white men and women. The development of CHD is promoted by major CHD risk factors,dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking. These risk factors are independently associated with CHD risk and are common among adults in the United States. Diabetes mellitus is also a significant contributor to CHD risk and is associated with risk of a CHD event equivalent to that conferred by the presence of prior CHD. Metabolic syndrome, a related condition, also confers a high risk for CHD as well as for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are characterized by the presence of central obesity and insulin resistance, which result in dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular derangements that promote CHD. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome illustrate the significance of risk factor clustering, which contributes to CHD risk through the additive effect of each risk factor. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and risk factor clustering in general are becoming more prevalent, which illustrates the need for better CHD prevention strategies aimed at risk factor control. The pathologic process associated with risk factor clustering also contributes to the higher CHD burden among black men and women, who have a higher prevalence of risk factor clustering and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, despite having a higher CHD risk, black men and women are less likely to receive adequate treatment or control of risk factors, including dyslipidemia or hypertension. Eliminating disparities among population groups will thus require aggressive efforts focused on risk assessment, guideline adherence, and risk factor control in populations in need. [source] | |||||||||||||