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Certain Set (certain + set)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of e-commerce on the integration of IT structure and brand architectureINFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008Dr Horst Treiblmaier Abstract., A company's information technology (IT) structure and its brand architecture are intended to minimize transaction costs both within the organization and between the organization and its customers. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce fundamentally alters the structure of those transaction costs relevant to the IT structure and the brand architecture. We conducted a survey among 102 chief information officers and chief marketing officers in 67 of the 100 most important B2C enterprises in Austria. The results show that companies typically implement a certain set of changes in the IT structure and the brand architecture if B2C e-commerce is highly important to them and that these changes result in a stronger integration within and between the IT structure and the brand architecture. B2C e-commerce projects thus require closely aligned conceptual, organizational and financial measures in both areas. [source] Early warning of agglomeration in fluidized beds by attractor comparisonAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 11 2000J. Ruud van Ommen An enhanced monitoring method, based on pressure fluctuation measurements, for observing nonstationarities in fluidized-bed hydrodynamics is presented. Experiments show that it can detect small changes in the particle-size distribution. Such a monitoring method is useful to give an early warning of the onset of agglomeration in a fluidized bed. In contrast to earlier methods, this method is insensitive to small changes in superficial gas velocity and can handle multiple signals, making it relevant to industrial application. By carefully choosing the measurement position, the method becomes also insensitive to small bed mass variations. It uses the attractor reconstructed from a measured pressure signal, which is a "fingerprint" of the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed for a certain set of conditions. Using this method statistically the reconstructed attractor of a reference time series of pressure fluctuations (representing the desired fluidization behavior) is compared with that of successive time series measured during the bed operation. [source] Wnt signaling inside the nucleusCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 4 2008Miki Shitashige Accumulation of the ,-catenin protein and transactivation of a certain set of T-cell factor (TCF)-4 target genes by accumulated ,-catenin have been considered crucial in colorectal carcinogenesis. In the present review, we summarize nuclear proteins that interact with, and regulate, the ,-catenin and TCF and lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) transcriptional complexes. Our recent series of proteomic studies has also revealed that various classes of nuclear proteins participate in the ,-catenin,TCF-4 complex and modulate its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the protein composition of the TCF-4-containing nuclear complex is not fixed, but is regulated dynamically by endogenous programs associated with intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and exogenous stimuli. Restoration of the loss-of-function mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in colorectal cancer cells does not seem to be a realistic approach with currently available medical technologies, and only signaling molecules downstream of the APC gene product can be considered as targets of pharmacological intervention. Nuclear proteins associated with the ,-catenin,TCF-4 complex may include feasible targets for molecular therapy against colorectal cancer. Recently, an inhibitor of the interaction between CREB-binding protein and ,-catenin was shown to efficiently shut down the transcriptional activity of TCF-4 and induce apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. We also summarize current strategies in the development of drugs against Wnt signaling. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 631,637) [source] Applications of Sinusoidal Neural Network and Momentum Genetic Algorithm to Two-wheel Vehicle Regulating ProblemIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2008Duong Chau Sam Non-member Abstract In an attempt to enhance the performance of neural network (NN), we propose a sinusoidal activation function for NN and apply a fast genetic algorithm (GA) with uses of momentum offspring (MOS) and constant-range mutation (CRM) for training the NN. The proposed methods are aimed at designing a neurocontroller (NC) for regulating a two-wheel vehicle system, known as nonholonomic system, in the viewpoint that it is necessary to improve the control process of the system even though several control methods, including applications of NN and GAs, have been developed. The learning performances of NCs are evaluated through the successful evolutionary rates of the control process based on the values of the squared errors. In order to compare the conventional methods with our proposed approaches and verify the effects of momentum GA on NC training, various numerical simulations will be carried out with different numbers of generations in GAs and different activation functions of NCs. Finally, the controllability of NC is investigated with certain sets of initial states. The simulations show that sinusoidal NC trained by momentum GA has a good performance regardless of the small values of population size and generations in GA. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] User preference: A measure of query-term qualityJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2006Nina Wacholder The goal of this research is to understand what characteristics, if any, lead users engaged in interactive information seeking to prefer certain sets of query terms. Underlying this work is the assumption that query terms that information seekers prefer induce a kind of cognitive efficiency: They require less mental effort to process and therefore reduce the energy required in the interactive information-seeking process. Conceptually, this work applies insights from linguistics and cognitive science to the study of query-term quality. We report on an experiment in which we compare user preference for three sets of terms; one had been preconstructed by a human indexer, and two were identified automatically. Twenty-four participants used a merged list of all terms to answer a carefully created set of questions. By design, the interface constrained users to access the text exclusively via the displayed list of query terms. We found that participants displayed a preference for the human-constructed set of terms eight times greater than the preference for either set of automatically identified terms. We speculate about reasons for this strong preference and discuss the implications for information access. The primary contributions of this research are (a) explication of the concept of user preference as a measure of query-term quality and (b) identification of a replicable procedure for measuring preference for sets of query terms created by different methods, whether human or automatic. All other factors being equal, query terms that users prefer clearly are the best choice for real-world information-access systems. [source] | ||||||||||