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Certain Properties (certain + property)
Selected AbstractsSynthesis of new organophosphorus-substituted mono- and bis(trimethylsilyl)amines with PCH2N fragments and their derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2010Andrey A. Prishchenko Convenient procedures for the synthesis of new organophosphorus-substituted mono- and bis(trimethylsilyl)amines with PCH2N moiety are proposed, starting from trimethylsilyl esters of organophosphorus acids, as well as 1,3,5-trialkylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazines and N -alkoxymethyl bis(trimethylsilyl)amines as aminomethylating reagents. Certain properties of the resulting compounds are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:71,77, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20580 [source] Control Routh Array And Its ApplicationsASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Issue 1 2003Daizhan Cheng ABSTRACT In this paper the Routh stability criterion [16] has been developed into control Routh array. Some formulas for calculating the array are provided. Certain properties are investigated. Using it, the problem of stabilization of bilinear systems via constant controls is solved. Then by converting the problems, the method of control Routh array is also used to solve some other stability related problems, such as the stabilization of control systems, the stability of uncertain Hurwitz matrix and the stability of interval matrices. Several algorithms have been developed to provide numerical solutions. [source] COALITIONS AMONG INTELLIGENT AGENTS: A TRACTABLE CASECOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 1 2006M. V. Belmonte Coalition formation is an important mechanism for cooperation in multiagent systems. In this paper we address the problem of coalition formation among self-interested agents in superadditive task-oriented domains. We assume that each agent has some "structure," i.e., that it can be described by the values taken by a set of m nonnegative attributes that represent the resources w each agent is endowed with. By defining the coalitional value as a function V of w, we prove a sufficient condition for the existence of a stable payment configuration,in the sense of the core,in terms of certain properties of V. We apply these ideas to a simple case that can be described by a linear program and show that it is possible to compute for it,in polynomial time,an optimal task allocation and a stable payment configuration. [source] Synthesis of functionalized 2-trimethylsiloxy-substituted O -trimethylsilyl alkylphosphonites, their analogues, and derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2008Andrey A. Prishchenko Nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl esters of tricoordinate organophosphorus acids to several functionalized alkylene oxides is proposed as convenient methods for the synthesis of new 2-trimethylsiloxysubstituted alkylphosphonites, their analogues, and derivatives. Also the new functionalized derivatives of these phosphonites, including amino, carboxy, or sulfo groups as well as certain properties of these compounds, which may be the important precursors of new functionalized 2-hydroxyalkylorganophosphorus acids, are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:450,454, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20453 [source] Synthesis of 2-substituted O,O -bis(trimethylsilyl) alkylphosphonites with aryl and heterocyclic fragments and their amino or amido derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2008Andrey A. Prishchenko Free-radical addition of bis(trimethyl-siloxy)phosphine to various functionalized alkenes with aryl and heterocyclic fragments is proposed as a convenient procedure for the synthesis of new 2-substituted alkylphosphonites of corresponding structures. Also the new functionalized derivatives of these phosphonites, including various amino and amido groups as well as certain properties of these compounds, are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:345,351, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20431 [source] Synthesis of functionalized 1-trimethylsiloxy-substituted O -trimethylsilyl alkylphosphonites and their derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2008Andrey A. Prishchenko Nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl esters of tricoordinate organophosphorus acids to various functionalized aldehydes with vinyl, aryl, and heterocyclic fragments is proposed as a convenient method for the synthesis of new 1-trimethylsiloxysubstituted alkylphosphonites and their derivatives at mild conditions. Also the new functionalized derivatives of these phosphonites, including amino groups as well as certain properties of these compounds as important precursors of new functionalized 1-hydroxyalkylorganophosphorus acids, are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:352,359, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20430 [source] Generation of interval-valued fuzzy and atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy connectives from fuzzy connectives and from K, operators: Laws for conjunctions and disjunctions, amplitudeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2008H. Bustince In this paper, we study in-depth certain properties of interval-valued fuzzy sets and Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (A-IFSs). In particular, we study the manner in which to construct different interval-valued fuzzy connectives (or Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy connectives) starting from an operator. We further study the law of contradiction and the law of excluded middle for these sets. Furthermore, we analyze the following properties: idempotency, absorption, and distributiveness. We conclude relating idempotency with the capacity that some of the connectives studied have for maintaining, in certain conditions, the amplitude (or Atanassov's intuitionistic index) of the intervals on which they act. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Finite element analysis of stress relaxation in soft denture linerJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2000Y. Sato To gather knowledge related to establishing criteria for selecting soft denture liners for individual patients, the effects of certain properties of soft denture liners on stress distribution were evaluated by two-dimensional finite element analysis. A partial mandibular edentulous ridge crest was modelled. Six combinations of thickness (mucosa: 1 or 2 mm; soft denture liner: 1, 2, or 3 mm) and 18 combinations of Young's modulus (mucosa: three kinds; soft denture liner: six kinds) were analysed. The ratio of maximum to minimum stress in the mucosa (stress ratio) was calculated to estimate stress concentration. In the case of thin mucosa (1 mm thickness), the lower the Young's modulus of the soft denture liner, the lower the stress ratio. However, if the soft denture liner had a lower Young's modulus than the mucosa, stress concentrated adversely. These results suggest that the elasticity of the soft denture liner should match the elasticity of the mucosa to obtain the optimum cushioning effect. [source] Instantaneous control for traffic flowMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 2 2007M. Herty Abstract The solution methods for optimal control problems with coupled partial differential equations as constraints are computationally costly and memory intensive; in particular for problems stated on networks, this prevents the methods from being relevant. We present instantaneous control problems for the optimization of traffic flow problems on road networks. We derive the optimality conditions, investigate the relation to the full optimal control problem and prove that certain properties of the optimal control problem carry over to the instantaneous one. We propose a solution algorithm and compare quality of the computed controls and run-times. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Continuum limits for classical sequential growth modelsRANDOM STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS, Issue 2 2010Graham Brightwell Abstract A random graph order, also known as a transitive percolation process, is defined by taking a random graph on the vertex set {0,,,n , 1} and putting i below j if there is a path i = i1,ik = j in the graph with i1 < , < ik. Rideout and Sorkin Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 104011 provide computational evidence that suitably normalized sequences of random graph orders have a "continuum limit." We confirm that this is the case and show that the continuum limit is always a semiorder. Transitive percolation processes are a special case of a more general class called classical sequential growth models. We give a number of results describing the large-scale structure of a general classical sequential growth model. We show that for any sufficiently large n, and any classical sequential growth model, there is a semiorder S on {0,,,n - 1} such that the random partial order on {0,,,n - 1} generated according to the model differs from S on an arbitrarily small proportion of pairs. We also show that, if any sequence of classical sequential growth models has a continuum limit, then this limit is (essentially) a semiorder. We give some examples of continuum limits that can occur. Classical sequential growth models were introduced as the only models satisfying certain properties making them suitable as discrete models for spacetime. Our results indicate that this class of models does not contain any that are good approximations to Minkowski space in any dimension , 2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010 [source] Legality Policies and Theories of Legality: From Bananas to Radbruch's Formula*RATIO JURIS, Issue 2 2009GIOVANNI SARTOR In particular, I shall analyse legality policies, namely, conditionals conferring the quality of legality upon norms having certain properties, and I shall examine to what extent such conditionals need to be positivistic, so that legality is only dependant on social facts. Finally, I shall consider how legality is transmitted from norm to norm and whether the ultimate legality policies (the rules of recognition) of a legal system need to be constituted by social facts. [source] Yanomami Shamanic Initiation: The Meaning of Death and Postmortem Consciousness in TransformationANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS, Issue 1 2008ZELJKO JOKIC ABSTRACT The main aim of shamanic initiation among the Yanomami people of the Upper Orinoco River region in Venezuela is the metamorphosis of the human body into a cosmic body, or what I term "corporeal cosmogenesis." During the initiatory ordeal, the neophyte undergoes an intense experience of death through dismemberment by the spirits and subsequent rebirth, thus overcoming the human condition and becoming an individual living spirit. But, at the same time, he becomes a "collection" of other spirits who leave their natural habitats,located on the mountaintops and in the forest,and move into the initiate's body, which becomes their abode. As the candidate surrenders his soul and humanness to the spirits, the latter become his personal allies and sources of power while imbuing the shaman's postmortem ego with certain properties that can best be described in holographic terms. After the shaman's biological death, his personal spirits become disembodied again and disperse back into the forest and on the mountaintops. When the shaman dies, his soul multiplies, as each of the disembodied spirits becomes a carrier of the shaman's soul image. In this way, through initiations, the shaman becomes a part of a dynamic cosmic circuity, as his hekura can be called upon to invade the bodies of new shamans, and start a cosmogonic initiatory act anew. [source] Synthesis and Properties of (Triptycenedicarboxylatio)zinc Coordination NetworksCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 23 2009Sergei Abstract Paddle wheels and pillars: Layered 3D metal,organic frameworks comprised of paddle-wheel coordination units are constructed under a variety of conditions to incorporate bridging ligands (as illustrated) that impart desired properties, such as guest-exchange behavior, luminescence, microporosity, and stability, to the material. (Triptycenedicarboxylato)zinc metal,organic frameworks (MOFs) based on paddle wheel secondary building units (SBUs) with different axial ligands have been prepared. The reproducible formation of the layered paddle-wheel structures from triptycenedicarboxylic acid (H2TDC) and zinc nitrate under various conditions seems to be characteristic of this acid and is utilized for the construction of 3D frameworks by a pillaring approach. We attempted to bring additional functionalities into MOFs by employing the appropriate pillaring ligands, for example, bis(4-pyridyl)- s -tetrazine and bis(4-pyridyl)-dimethoxy- p -phenylenedivinylene, and investigated certain properties of some MOF materials, such as guest-exchange behavior, luminescence, microporosity, and stability. [source] Harmony in Linguistic CognitionCOGNITIVE SCIENCE - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Paul Smolensky Abstract In this article, I survey the integrated connectionist/symbolic (ICS) cognitive architecture in which higher cognition must be formally characterized on two levels of description. At the microlevel, parallel distributed processing (PDP) characterizes mental processing; this PDP system has special organization in virtue of which it can be characterized at the macrolevel as a kind of symbolic computational system. The symbolic system inherits certain properties from its PDP substrate; the symbolic functions computed constitute optimization of a well-formedness measure called Harmony. The most important outgrowth of the ICS research program is optimality theory (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004), an optimization-based grammatical theory that provides a formal theory of cross-linguistic typology. Linguistically, Harmony maximization corresponds to minimization of markedness or structural ill-formedness. Cognitive explanation in ICS requires the collaboration of symbolic and connectionist principles. ICS is developed in detail in Smolensky and Legendre (2006a); this article is a précis of and guide to those volumes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||