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Certain Kinds (certain + kind)
Selected AbstractsWhat If Curriculum (of a Certain Kind) Doesn't Matter?CURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 1 2009KENT DEN HEYER First page of article [source] Justice and Moral Regeneration: Lessons from the Treaty of VersaillesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Catherine Lu The Treaty of Versailles, which concluded World War I, aimed to establish a "peace of justice"; sadly, it only seemed to pave the way to a second, more devastating world war. What lessons about justice and reconciliation can we learn from the treaty and its apparent failure? Some scholars argue that the fault of the treaty lay in its preoccupation with retributive justice, undermining prospects for reconciliation. Rather than positing justice and reconciliation as inherently conflictual moral values or goals, both need to be conceived as part of the project of moral regeneration. Such a multidimensional project requires a certain kind of justice and reconciliation, founded on mutual respect for the humanity and equality of others. An assessment of the relationship among truth, justice, and reconciliation in the framework of moral regeneration indicates that the most grievous moral fault of the Treaty of Versailles lay in its process, which facilitated neither a truthful accounting of the war's causes and consequences, nor the affirmation of moral truths by victors or vanquished. The lack of an authoritative and public moral accounting of the Great War undermined both justice and reconciliation in international society. [source] Local existence of solutions of a three phase-field model for solidificationMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 12 2009Bianca Morelli Calsavara Caretta Abstract In this article we discuss the local existence and uniqueness of solutions of a system of parabolic differential partial equations modeling the process of solidification/melting of a certain kind of alloy. This model governs the evolution of the temperature field, as well as the evolution of three phase-field functions; the first two describe two different possible solid crystallization states and the last one describes the liquid state. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] KINDS AND CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE: IS THERE ANYTHING THAT IT IS LIKE TO BE SOMETHING?METAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2008SIMON J. EVNINE Abstract: In this article I distinguish the notion of there being something it is like to be a certain kind of creature from that of there being something it is like to have a certain kind of experience. Work on consciousness has typically dealt with the latter while employing the language of the former. I propose several ways of analyzing what it is like to be a certain kind of creature and find problems with them all. The upshot is that even if there is something it is like to have certain kinds of experience, it does not follow that there is anything it is like to be a certain kind of creature. Skepticism about the existence of something that it is like to be an F is recommended. [source] Some subrecursive versions of Grzegorczyk's Uniformity TheoremMLQ- MATHEMATICAL LOGIC QUARTERLY, Issue 4-5 2004Dimiter Skordev Abstract A theorem published by A. Grzegorczyk in 1955 states a certain kind of effective uniform continuity of computable functionals whose values are natural numbers and whose arguments range over the total functions in the set of the natural numbers and over the natural numbers. Namely, for any such functional a computable functional with one function-argument and the same number-arguments exists such that the values of the first of the functionals at functions dominated by a given one are completely determined by their restrictions to numbers not exceeding the corresponding values of the second functional at the given function. We prove versions of this theorem for the class of the primitive recursive functionals and for the class of the elementary recursive ones. Analogous results can be proved for many other subrecursive classes of functionals. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] "LONG LIVE THE WEEDS AND THE WILDERNESS YET": REFLECTIONS ON A SECULAR AGEMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2010STANLEY HAUERWAS While we are deeply appreciative of Taylor's A Secular Age, we nonetheless worry that his use of the immanent/transcendent duality may introduce a certain kind of Christian Constantinianism that he wants to disavow. In particular, we worry that the immanent/transcendent duality is far too formal in its character. In order to develop this concern, we draw on Talal Asad's account of the secular to suggest how liturgy may provide an alternative way of understanding as well as challenging Taylor's worries about "the immanent frame." [source] Henri de Lubac: Reading Corpus Mysticum,NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1029 2009Laurence Paul Hemming Henri de Lubac's Corpus Mysticum, published during and immediately after the conditions of wartime France, had a profound influence on the theology and actual practice of not only Catholic, but also much Protestant liturgy in the course of the unfolding liturgical movement. The interpretative keys of the text were established primarily by Michel de Certeau and Hans Urs von Balthasar, and have emphasised a historical shift from understanding in the connections between a threefold hermeneutic of Christ's ,mystical body'. The ,mystical body' is variously understood as the Eucharist itself, the extant body of the Church, and the actual body of Christ. The conventional reading of this text is to claim that de Lubac traces a shift, occurring in the High Middle Ages that points away from the body of the Church to an objectification of the eucharistic species, resulting in the highly individualistic piety that manifested itself in the Catholicism of the nineteenth century. This paper challenges that hermeneutic key as an oversimplification of a much more subtle reading suggested by de Lubac himself and intrinsic to the text of Corpus Mysticum, and suggests that de Lubac understood the real shift to be the triumph of a certain kind of rationalism, exemplified by Berengar's thought, emerging to assert itself as the basis and ground of theological thinking, eclipsing the grounding character of the liturgy as the source of meaning in theology. It examines de Lubac's late claim that Corpus Mysticum was ,a naïve text' and asks what kinds of naïvety are indicated in this statement. [source] Literature, Pornography, and Libertine EducationORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 1 2004Jørgen Dines Johansen The objective of this article is not to write an apology for pornography, not because it is impossible to defend, but rather because it has been done so brilliantly by Susan Sontag in her seminal essay ,,The Pornographic Imagination''.1 The objective is to analyze a certain kind of literary pornography from both literary and psychological, here psychoanalytic, points of view. The term covers, basically, pictorial and literary representations of sexual activities. Literary pornography has been cultivated in drama, poetry, and prose fiction, whether short stories or novels. Furthermore, there are representations of sexual activities in the visual arts and literature considered great by any artistic standard, and then there is a tremendous lot of mere trash. Finally, pornography is not something given once and for all, but a designation used relative to the norms of a given group at a given time. Much of what our great-grandparents, grandparents, and even our parents considered pornographic, seems to most of us today endowed with a certain innocence and sentimentality. To encompass all the facets of this subject in a single article is impossible. This essay considers a certain aspect of genre convention: pornography presented in a framework of education. [source] Point substitution processes for decagonal quasiperiodic tilingsACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A, Issue 5 2009Nobuhisa Fujita A general construction principle for the inflation rules for decagonal quasiperiodic tilings is proposed. The prototiles are confined to be polygons with unit edges. An inflation rule for a tiling is the combination of expansion and division of the tiles, where the expanded tiles can be divided arbitrarily as long as the set of prototiles is maintained. A certain kind of point decoration process turns out to be useful for the identification of possible division rules. The method is capable of generating a broad range of decagonal tilings, many of which are chiral and have atomic surfaces with fractal boundaries. Two new families of decagonal tilings are presented; one is quaternary and the other ternary. The properties of the ternary tilings with rhombic, pentagonal and hexagonal prototiles are investigated in detail. [source] Schmitt's Critique of Kelsenian Normativism,RATIO JURIS, Issue 1 2005SYLVIE DELACROIX Schmitt's underlining of the limits which a certain kind of positivism imposes upon itself highlights a contemporary issue about what legal theory should aim at when accounting for the normative dimension of law. Schmitt's ultimate failure to take up the theoretical challenge he himself raised (with its well-known consequences) is deemed to illustrate,negatively,the importance of providing a plausible account of the social practices which bring law into existence. [source] Mines and Monsters: A Dialogue on Development in Western Province, Papua New GuineaTHE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Alison Dundon This article analyses an internal debate between Gogodala villagers, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, in which they explore the concept of development through a dialogue that revolves around ela gi or ,way of life'. The analysis focuses on two developmental projects: the Ok Tedi gold and copper mine, which affects eight Gogodala villages on the lower Fly River, and a test oil drill carried out among northern Gogodala villages in 1995. I propose that it is through ela gi, a lifestyle that encompasses an evangelical Christianity as well as the actions of the first ancestors and is based on a bodily experience of the environment, that community development is envisaged and debated. Whilst the oil drill in the north is discussed in terms of approval, villagers on the Fly River to the south are increasingly concerned about changes to their lifestyle and landscape. They explore this ambivalence through a discussion of the movements and moods of ancestrally-derived ,monsters' or ugu lopala, creatures who patrol the waterways of both north and south villages. At the same time, Gogodala from both communities are articulating what the transition from ,living on sago' to a lifestyle based on money might mean. This dialogue foregrounds an ongoing debate about the roles that the environment, village practices, the ancestral past and Christianity play in the constitution of the Gogodala way of life, and how these factors may initiate a certain kind of development. [source] Employing multiple theories and evoking new ideas: The use of clinical materialTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, Issue 2 2008Judy L. Kantrowitz In this paper, I wish to illustrate how working with a patient who had a certain kind of narcissistic difficulty led me to develop particular clinical strategies to facilitate the development of a sturdier sense of self, greater affect tolerance and modulation, the diminution of harshness of her superego, and the ownership of projected parts of herself, and to decrease paranoid ideation. I call upon concepts from various theoretical schools of psychoanalysis to make sense of the dynamic intricacies of the patient's psychological organization as they revealed themselves in the analytic process. These conceptualizations of the patient's difficulties and of clinical interventions to address them result in a hybrid theory of both theory and technique. What transpired in the clinical work also led me to propose an additional way to understand this kind of patient's difficulties with accepting interpretations or any view that differed from the patient's subjectivity. I am proposing that ,otherness' itself, rather than only specific conflictual aspects of the self, is disowned. It is the analyst's empathic stance toward all that is repudiated , the specific disowned aspects of the self and ,otherness' itself , along with empathy for the patient's conscious state that will enable reinternalization and ultimately healing. [source] Loving and forgetting: moments of inarticulacy in tribal India,THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 2 2008Piers Vitebsky Young Sora in Orissa, India, are ,forgetting' their dead. Where the older generation used shamans in trance to negotiate with ancestors in elaborate dialogues, their newly Baptist children refuse to talk to the dead or feed them, leaving their parents afraid to die for fear of neglect. Against a background of contemporary Indian nation-building, this article examines the differing emotional price paid for this disengagement by two young persons whom the author has known since 1975, as one becomes a Baptist and the other a shaman. Their struggles to be or to become a certain kind of person are revealed through recent extraordinary moments, precipitated by the author's presence, when verbal articulacy fails them. Their conflicts between filial attachment and repudiation, or shamanic vocation and recantation, are explored to show how changes in loving and forgetting can be revealed through new but fleeting forms of inarticulacy. Résumé Les jeunes Sora de l'Orissa, en Inde, sont en train « d'oublier » leurs morts. Alors que les anciennes générations faisaient appel aux chamans en transe pour négocier avec les ancêtres au cours de dialogues élaborés, leurs enfants, convertis au christianisme baptiste, refusent de parler aux morts et de les nourrir, laissant ainsi leurs parents appréhender une mort après laquelle ils seront négligés. Dans le contexte contemporain de la construction de la nation indienne, l'auteur examine le prix émotionnel divergent payé pour ce désengagement par deux jeunes gens qu'il connaît depuis 1975. L'un est devenu baptiste, l'autre chaman. Leur lutte pour être ou devenir un certain type de personne est révélée au cours de récents épisodes sortant de l'ordinaire, catalysés par la présence de l'auteur, où le pouvoir des mots leur fait défaut. Les conflits qu'ils connaissent entre attachement filial et répudiation, entre vocation chamanique et abjuration, sont explorés pour montrer comment les changements dans l'amour et le pardon peuvent être révélés à travers de nouvelles formes fugaces d'inarticulation. [source] (0,2) Gauged linear sigma model on supermanifoldANNALEN DER PHYSIK, Issue 7-8 2009Y. Okame Abstract We construct (0,2), D = 2 gauged linear sigma model on supermanifold with both an Abelian and non-Abelian gauge symmetry. For the purpose of checking the exact supersymmetric (SUSY) invariance of the Lagrangian density, it is convenient to introduce a new operator for the Abelian gauge group. The operator provides consistency conditions for satisfying the SUSY invariance. On the other hand, it is not essential to introduce a similar operator in order to check the exact SUSY invariance of the Lagrangian density of non-Abelian model, contrary to the Abelian one. However, we still need a new operator in order to define the (0,2) chirality conditions for the (0,2) chiral superfields. The operator can be defined from the conditions assuring the (0,2) supersymmetric invariance of the Lagrangian density in superfield formalism for the (0,2) U(N) gauged linear sigma model. We found consistency conditions for the Abelian gauge group which assure (0,2) supersymmetric invariance of Lagrangian density and agree with (0,2) chirality conditions for the superpotential. The supermanifold ,m|n becomes the super weighted complex projective space WCPm-1|n in the U(1) case, which is considered as an example of a Calabi-Yau supermanifold. The superpotential W(,,,) for the non-Abelian gauge group satisfies more complex condition for the SU(N) part, except the U(1) part of U(N), but does not satisfy a quasi-homogeneous condition. This fact implies the need for taking care of constructing the Calabi-Yau supermanifold in the SU(N) part. Because more stringent restrictions are imposed on the form of the superpotential than in the U(1) case, the superpotential seems to define a certain kind of new supermanifolds which we cannot identify exactly with one of the mathematically well defined objects. [source] (0,2) Gauged linear sigma model on supermanifoldANNALEN DER PHYSIK, Issue 7-8 2009Y. Okame Abstract We construct (0,2), D = 2 gauged linear sigma model on supermanifold with both an Abelian and non-Abelian gauge symmetry. For the purpose of checking the exact supersymmetric (SUSY) invariance of the Lagrangian density, it is convenient to introduce a new operator for the Abelian gauge group. The operator provides consistency conditions for satisfying the SUSY invariance. On the other hand, it is not essential to introduce a similar operator in order to check the exact SUSY invariance of the Lagrangian density of non-Abelian model, contrary to the Abelian one. However, we still need a new operator in order to define the (0,2) chirality conditions for the (0,2) chiral superfields. The operator can be defined from the conditions assuring the (0,2) supersymmetric invariance of the Lagrangian density in superfield formalism for the (0,2) U(N) gauged linear sigma model. We found consistency conditions for the Abelian gauge group which assure (0,2) supersymmetric invariance of Lagrangian density and agree with (0,2) chirality conditions for the superpotential. The supermanifold ,m|n becomes the super weighted complex projective space WCPm-1|n in the U(1) case, which is considered as an example of a Calabi-Yau supermanifold. The superpotential W(,,,) for the non-Abelian gauge group satisfies more complex condition for the SU(N) part, except the U(1) part of U(N), but does not satisfy a quasi-homogeneous condition. This fact implies the need for taking care of constructing the Calabi-Yau supermanifold in the SU(N) part. Because more stringent restrictions are imposed on the form of the superpotential than in the U(1) case, the superpotential seems to define a certain kind of new supermanifolds which we cannot identify exactly with one of the mathematically well defined objects. [source] I,What is the Normative Role of Logic?ARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, Issue 1 2009Hartry Field The paper tries to spell out a connection between deductive logic and rationality, against Harman's arguments that there is no such connection, and also against the thought that any such connection would preclude rational change in logic. One might not need to connect logic to rationality if one could view logic as the science of what preserves truth by a certain kind of necessity (or by necessity plus logical form); but the paper points out a serious obstacle to any such view. [source] I,Virtues of Art and Human Well -BeingARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, Issue 1 2008Peter Goldie What is the point of art, and why does it matter to us human beings? The answer that I will give in this paper, following on from an earlier paper on the same subject, is that art matters because our being actively engaged with art, either in its production or in its appreciation, is part of what it is to live well. The focus in the paper will be on the dispositions,the virtues of art production and of art appreciation,that are necessary for this kind of active engagement with art. To begin with, I will argue that these dispositions really are virtues and not mere skills. Then I will show how the virtues of art, and their exercise in artistic activity, interweave with the other kinds of virtue which are exercised in ethical and contemplative activity. And finally, I will argue that artistic activity affords, in a special way, a certain kind of emotional sharing that binds us together with other human beings. [source] ARE MORAL PHILOSOPHERS MORAL EXPERTS?BIOETHICS, Issue 4 2010BERNWARD GESANG ABSTRACT In this paper I examine the question of whether ethicists are moral experts. I call people moral experts if their moral judgments are correct with high probability and for the right reasons. I defend three theses, while developing a version of the coherence theory of moral justification based on the differences between moral and nonmoral experience: The answer to the question of whether there are moral experts depends on the answer to the question of how to justify moral judgments. Deductivism and the coherence theory both provide some support for the opinion that moral experts exist in some way. I maintain , within the framework of a certain kind of coherence theory , that moral philosophers are ,semi-experts'. [source] Induction and Inhibition of Preferential Enrichment by Controlling the Mode of the Polymorphic Transition with Seed CrystalsCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 13 2006Rui Tamura Prof. Abstract Both induction and inhibition of "preferential enrichment", an unusual symmetry-breaking enantiomeric-resolution phenomenon observed upon simple recrystallization of a certain kind of racemic crystals from organic solvents, have been successfully achieved by controlling the mode of the polymorphic transition during crystallization with appropriate seed crystals. Such control of the polymorphic transition can be interpreted in terms of a novel phenomenon consisting of 1) the adsorption of prenucleation aggregates, 2) the heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of a metastable crystalline form, and 3) the subsequent polymorphic transition into the more stable form; these three processes occur on the same surface of a seed crystal. We refer to this phenomenon as an "epitaxial transition", which has been confirmed by means of in situ attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy in solution and the solid state, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the deposited crystals, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of the single crystals or the direct-space approach employing the Monte Carlo method with the Rietveld refinement for the structure solution from the powder X-ray diffraction data. [source] Analysis of effects of contracts on the stability of dynamic power marketsEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 1 2009Jia Yan-Bing Abstract Experiences with operations of power markets show that contracts may affect stability of markets. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether the market with bilateral contracts will lead to a stable equilibrium conditions after the market is exposed to certain kinds of disturbances. In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of power markets is expressed by differential/algebraic equations, and eigenvalue analysis is used to study effects of contracts on stability of the model. Results of the analysis show that suitable relative ratio of contracts can improve the stability of power markets and even make the unstable markets stable. On the other hand, unsuitable relative ratio of contracts may deteriorate the stability of markets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Space and context in the temporal cortexHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 9 2007David K. Bilkey Abstract The hippocampus has a critical role in certain kinds of spatial memory processes. Hippocampal "place" cells, fire selectively when an animal is in a particular location within the environment. It is thought that this activity underlies a representation of the environment that can be used for memory-based spatial navigation. But how is this representation constructed and how is it "read"? A simple mechanism, based on place field density across an environment, is described that could allow hippocampal representations to be "read" by other brain regions for the purpose of navigation. The possible influence of activity in neighboring brain regions such as the perirhinal cortex, and pre- and para-subiculum on the construction of the hippocampal spatial representation is then discussed. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Emotional Intelligence: Toward Clarification of a ConceptINDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010CARY CHERNISS There has been much confusion and controversy concerning the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). Three issues have been particularly bothersome. The first concerns the many conflicting definitions and models of EI. To address this issue, I propose that we distinguish between definitions and models and then adopt a single definition on which the major theorists already seem to agree. I further propose that we more clearly distinguish between EI and the related concept of emotional and social competence (ESC). The second issue that has generated concern is the question of how valid existing measures are. After reviewing the research on the psychometric properties of several popular tests, I conclude that although there is some support for many of them, they all have inherent limitations. We need to rely more on alternative measurement strategies that have been available for some time and also develop new measures that are more sensitive to context. The third area of contention concerns the significance of EI for outcomes such as job performance or leadership effectiveness. Recent research, not available to earlier critics, suggests that EI is positively associated with performance. However, certain ESCs are likely to be stronger predictors of performance than EI in many situations. Also, EI is likely to be more important in certain kinds of situations, such as those involving social interaction or significant levels of stress. Context makes a difference. [source] The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction: The Significance of the Creative IndustriesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART & DESIGN EDUCATION, Issue 2 2001Mark Blythe This paper reflects on the social and political significance of the new classification of the ,creative industries'. The new aggregate expands previous classifications of the arts and cultural industries and produces figures which suggest that these sectors are increasingly vital elements of the UK economy. It is argued that these statistics on the creative industries are, to an extent, misleading. The paper considers some of the implications of the recent and continuing advances in technologies of digital reproduction and distribution. The importance of the creative industries to Arts and Design education is placed within the context of the emphasis on vocationalism by successive UK governments. It is suggested that while the new aggregate may be useful in terms of certain kinds of promotion, the category should be recognised as arbitrary and politically motivated. Finally, the paper examines the notion that the creative industries might be harnessed to achieve social inclusion and urban re-generation and reflects on some of the social costs of such sectors. [source] Migrants, Refugees and Insecurity.INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 4 2000Current Threats to Peace? Since the early 1980s, international migration has moved beyond humanitarian, economic development, labour market and societal integration concerns, raising complex interactive security implications for governments of migrant sending, receiving and transit countries, as well as for multilateral bodies. This article examines the effects of international migration on varied understandings and perceptions of international security. It discusses why international migration has come to be perceived as a security issue, both in industrialized and developing countries. Questions are raised on the migration-security nexus and the way in which the concepts ,security' and ,migration' are used. The real and perceived impacts of international migration upon national and regional security, both in industrialized and developing countries, are analysed. The policies developed by governments and multilateral agencies since the mid-1980s to mitigate the destabilizing effects of certain kinds of international population movement and human displacement are examined. The conclusions stress the need for the establishment of a comprehensive framework of international cooperation among origin and receiving countries and international organizations to address the destabilizing implications of international migration. [source] Identifying and Attracting the "right" Investors: Evidence on the Behavior of Institutional InvestorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2004Brian Bushee This article summarizes the findings of research the author has conducted over the past seven years that aims to answer a number of questions about institutional investors: Are there significant differences among institutional investors in time horizon and other trading practices that would enable such investors to be classified into types on the basis of their observable behavior? Assuming the answer to the first is yes, do corporate managers respond differently to the pressures created by different types of investors, and, by implication, are certain kinds of investors more desirable from corporate management's point of view? What kinds of companies tend to attract each type of investor, and how does a company's disclosure policy affect that process? The author's approach identifies three categories of institutional investors: (1) "transient" institutions, which exhibit high portfolio turnover and own small stakes in portfolio companies; (2) "dedicated" holders, which provide stable ownership and take large positions in individual firms; and (3) "quasi-indexers," which also trade infrequently but own small stakes (similar to an index strategy). As might be expected, the disproportionate presence of transient institutions in a company's investor base appears to intensify pressure for short-term performance while also resulting in excess volatility in the stock price. Also not surprising, transient investors are attracted to companies with investor relations activities geared toward forward-looking information and "news events," like management earnings forecasts, that constitute trading opportunities for such investors. By contrast, quasi-indexers and dedicated institutions are largely insensitive to shortterm performance and their presence is associated with lower stock price volatility. The research also suggests that companies that focus their disclosure activities on historical information as opposed to earnings forecasts tend to attract quasi-indexers instead of transient investors. In sum, the author's research suggests that changes in disclosure practices have the potential to shift the composition of a firm's investor base away from transient investors and toward more patient capital. By removing some of the external pressures for short-term performance, such a shift could encourage managers to establish a culture based on long-run value maximization. [source] What is Genetic Information, and why is it Significant?JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2006A Contextual, Approach, Contrastive abstract Is genetic information of special ethical significance? Does it require special regulation? There is considerable contemporary debate about this question (the ,genetic exceptionalism' debate). ,Genetic information' is an ambiguous term and, as an aid to avoiding conflation in the genetic exceptionalism debate, a detailed account is given of just how and why ,genetic information' is ambiguous. Whilst ambiguity is a ubiquitous problem of communication, it is suggested that ,genetic information' is ambiguous in a particular way, one that gives rise to the problem of ,significance creep' (i.e., where claims about the significance of certain kinds of genetic information in one context influence our thinking about the significance of other kinds of genetic information in other contexts). A contextual and contrastive methodology is proposed: evaluating the significance of genetic information requires us to be sensitive to the polysemy of ,genetic information' across contexts and then examine the contrast in significance (if any) of genetic, as opposed to nongenetic, information within contexts. This, in turn, suggests that a proper solution to the regulatory question requires us to pay more attention to how and why information, and its acquisition, possession and use, come to be of ethical significance. [source] Alasdair MacIntyre on Education: In Dialogue with Joseph DunneJOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 1 2002Alasdair Macintyre This discussion begins from the dilemma, posed in some earlier writing by Alasdair MacIntyre, that education is essential but also, in current economic and cultural conditions, impossible. The potential for resolving this dilemma through appeal to ,practice', ,narrative unity', and ,tradition'(three core concepts in After Virtue and later writings) is then examined. The discussion also explores the relationship of education to the modern state and the power of a liberal education to create an ,educated public' very different in character from the electorates of contemporary democratic regimes. It concludes with some remarks on the role of education in combating prejudice against certain kinds of human difference. [source] Evidence-based uncertainty in mental health nursingJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2004V. FRANKS rgn rnt dIPmed dIPpsych msC The drive towards evidence-based practice is part of a modern reflective and caring service. However there is a paradox at the heart of the notion of evidence-based care. In order to perform any systemized examination of treatment there has to be a conscious acknowledgement of uncertainty about that treatment. This is uncomfortable and when research does find evidence in favour of a treatment, there is a relief and a return to conviction about what is the best. The paradox is that it seems the most valued research practices are predicated on generalizations about patient treatments and categories. However, nursing care is based on the notion of the uniqueness of the patient and the nurse,patient relationship. Sometimes it is necessary to address the particular and not to rush to generalizations and certainty. The psychoanalytic framework promotes a capacity to tolerate uncertainty and provides a model for understanding conflicting feelings, which can occur within the nurse,patient relationship. The author proposes the psychoanalytic observational method as an adjunct to other research methods. This method places certain kinds of evidence within the rubric of evidence-based nursing practice. The evidence collected in this method is the evidence of the conscious and unconscious experience within the nurse,patient relationship. The author will describe and argue for the place of this research method within the canon of other more widely practised methods within mental health practice. She will propose that for safe practice it is necessary to value and examine the veracity of the feelings and tacit understanding of the nurse. She contends that the current climate of excessive bureaucracy and persecutory risk management is having a damaging effect on both the research process and effective nursing care. [source] LOCATION-SPECIFIC HUMAN CAPITAL, LOCATION CHOICE AND AMENITY DEMAND,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2009Douglas J. Krupka ABSTRACT The role of amenities in the flow of migrants has long been a subject of debate. This paper advances an original model of amenities that work through household production instead of directly through utility. Area characteristics (amenities) affect household production, causing certain kinds of human capital investments to be rewarded more than others. Area heterogeneity thus makes such investments location-specific. This specificity,along with a period of exogenous location,increases the opportunity costs of moving, diminishes migration flows between dissimilar locations and increases valuation of amenities that were present in the originating area. These theoretical results emphasize people's sorting across areas and thus differ from the results of the standard model of compensating differentials. Empirical tests of the model's predictions using NLSY79 data show that childhood investments affect migration flows in the way proposed by the model. [source] A Typology of Organizational Membership: Understanding Different Membership Relationships Through the Lens of Social ExchangeMANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Christina L. Stamper abstract Using a social exchange perspective and responding to prior calls to separate resources exchanged from the relationship between parties, we develop a relationship typology based on rights and responsibilities arguments. We begin with the idea that various levels and types of rights and responsibilities are the exchange currency utilized by the employer and employee, respectively. Further, the degree to which an organization grants rights to an individual and the degree to which the individual voluntarily accepts responsibilities results in four distinct organizational membership profiles (i.e., peripheral, associate, detached, and full). We believe this membership typology is an important theoretical mechanism that may be used to link the exchange between the employee and employer (as represented by psychological contracts) to psychological attachment (as represented by perceived membership) between these two parties. Specifically, members in each profile will tend to have certain kinds of psychological attachments to the organization, causing them to (i) perceive membership in certain ways and (ii) behave in a manner consistent with that perception. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the propositions for both researchers and practitioners, as well as making suggestions for future research efforts. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||