Century

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences41%
Life Sciences15%
Medical Sciences14%
Earth and Environmental Science9%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting4%
Chemistry3%
Engineering3%
Psychology2%
6 Other Domains9%
Distribution within Humanities and Social Sciences
General & Introductory History12%
General & Introductory Geography7%
Economic History4%
79 Other Subdomains69%

Kinds of Century

  • american century
  • early 18th century
  • early 19th century
  • early 20th century
  • early 21st century
  • early eighteenth century
  • early fourteenth century
  • early nineteenth century
  • early seventeenth century
  • early twentieth century
  • early twenty-first century
  • eighteenth century
  • eighth century
    		•
  • eleventh century
  • fifteenth century
  • first century
  • fourteenth century
  • half century
  • last century
  • last half century
  • late 19th century
  • late 20th century
  • late eighteenth century
  • late nineteenth century
  • late twentieth century
  • long eighteenth century
    		•
  • many century
  • mid-19th century
  • mid-20th century
  • mid-nineteenth century
  • mid-twentieth century
  • new century
  • next century
  • nineteenth century
  • ninth century
  • past century
  • past half century
  • past quarter century
  • present century
    		•
  • previous century
  • quarter century
  • recent century
  • seventeenth century
  • several century
  • sixteenth century
  • sixth century
  • tenth century
  • thirteenth century
  • twelfth century
  • twentieth century
  • twenty-first century

    • Terms modified by Century

  • century ad
  • century america
  • century australia
    		•
  • century bc
  • century britain
  • century end
    		•
  • century england
  • century europe
  • century germany
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    AUSTRALIAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS CULTIVATED IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY

    CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Issue 1-2 2009
    Brent Elliott
    First page of article [source]

    A PEOPLE'S POLICE FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: A REPLY TO BLUNDELL

    ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2007
    Sara Thornton
    John Blundell's ideas for structural change could undermine the strengths of British policing. Nevertheless, there is a need for decentralisation and more local control. [source]

    A BRIEF NOTE ON AUSTRALIAN ECONOMICS DEGREE ENROLMENTS IN THE 21st CENTURY

    ECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2004
    Alex Millmow
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    DEWEYAN DARWINISM FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: TOWARD AN EDUCATIONAL METHOD FOR CRITICAL DEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF THE INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES

    EDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 3 2008
    Deborah Seltzer-Kelly
    Early in the twentieth century, John Dewey also advocated for a vision of education guided by science, and more recent scholarship has validated many of his ideas. However, as Deborah Seltzer-Kelly argues in this essay, Dewey's vision of a scientifically based system of education was very different from that envisioned by the IES, and also very different from that implied by the progenitor of contemporary evolutionary thought, Donald Campbell. Seltzer-Kelly proposes a Deweyan Darwinist model of educational method as a genuinely scientific alternative to the scientism that pervades current official efforts to imbue education with science. The implications of this model are profound, highlighting the difference between education as preparation for consent to authoritarian structures and education as preparation for genuinely democratic participation. [source]

    BEARING WITNESS: TOBACCO, PUBLIC HEALTH AND HISTORY THE CIGARETTE CENTURY: THE RISE, FALL AND DEADLY PERSISTENCE OF THE PRODUCT THAT DEFINED AMERICA.

    ADDICTION, Issue 7 2009
    2000., Edited by A.M. Brandt MARKETING HEALTH: SMOKING AND THE DISCOURSE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN BRITAIN
    First page of article [source]

    GENDER AND THE AMERICAN TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

    ADDICTION, Issue 11 2008
    JESSICA WARNER
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    STRAIN GAGE HISTORY AND THE END OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

    EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 2 2001
    Peter K. Stein
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    THE FLUCTUATIONS OF ITALIAN GLACIERS DURING THE LAST CENTURY: A CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ALPINE GLACIER CHANGES

    GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2007
    MICHELE CITTERIO
    ABSTRACT. This paper describes the recent evolution of Italian glaciers through an analysis of all available terminus fluctuation data that the authors have entered in a glaciers database (named GLAD) containing 883 records collected on glaciers from 1908 to 2002. Furthermore, a representative subset of data (249 glaciers located in Lombardy) was analysed regarding surface area changes. For the analysis of terminus fluctuations, the glaciers were sorted by size classes according to length. The data showed that during the 20th century Italian Alpine glaciers underwent a generalized retreat, with one distinct and well documented readvance episode that occurred between the 1970s and mid-1980s, and a poorly documented one around the early 1920s. The rates of terminus advance and retreat have changed without significant delays for the larger glaciers with respect to the smaller ones. However, the smaller the glacier, the more limited the advance (if any) during the 1970s and early 1980s. The behaviour of glaciers shorter than 1 km appears to have changed in the last decade, and between 1993 and 2002 they retreated at a very high rate. The analysis of the subset of data led to a quanti-fication of surface reduction of c. 10% from 1992 to 1999 for glaciers in Lombardy. Small glaciers proved to contribute strongly to total area loss: in 1999, 232 glaciers (c. 90% of the total) were smaller than 1 km2, covering 27.2 km2 (less than 30% of the total area), but accounted for 58% of the total loss in area (they had lost 7.4 km2). [source]

    A POTENTIAL CENTURY,SCALE RHYTHM IN SIX MAJOR PALAEOCLIMATIC RECORDS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

    GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2007
    MAXIM OGURTSOV
    ABSTRACT. Six millennial proxy records of temperature in the northern hemisphere were analysed using both the Fourier and wavelet approaches. We found that the analysed temperature proxies have appreciable synchrony at multidecadal and centennial time scales. These data also show evidence for the presence of a roughly regular large-scale rhythm with a periodicity of 50,130 years in the climate of the northern hemisphere over the last millennium. It is shown that the amplitude of this variation might reach 0.20,0.28°C and contribute appreciably to the rise of global temperature over the first part of the 20th century. Possible origins of the global centennial climatic cycles are discussed. [source]

    HALF A CENTURY OF CROPLAND CHANGE,

    GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2001
    JOHN FRASER HART
    ABSTRACT. The census concept of total cropland is a better measure of effective agricultural land than is total farmland, which includes extensive areas of woodland owned by farmers. The cropland area of the United States dropped from 478 million acres in 1949 to 431 million acres in 1997, for a net loss of less than 1 million acres, or roughly one-fifth of 1 percent, per year. In the midwestern agricultural heartland most counties changed less than 5 percent in the half-century, and more counties gained than lost. The West was a crazy quilt of change, and in the East most counties lost more than 10 percent. Major metropolitan counties lost a few percentage points more than did adjacent areas, but at a lower rate per capita than the nation as a whole. Most of the loss of cropland was in marginal agricultural counties with soils of low inherent fertility and topography unsuited to modern farm machinery. The loss of cropland to suburban encroachment may be cause for intense local concern, but attempts to thwart development cannot be justified on grounds of a net national loss of good cropland. [source]

    CHARTING THE "TRANSITIONAL PERIOD": THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN TIME IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

    HISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2006
    GÖRAN BLIX
    ABSTRACT This paper seeks to chart a concept of historical experience that French Romantic writers first developed to describe their own relationship to historical time: the notion of the "transitional period." At first, the term related strictly to the evolving periodic conception of history, one that required breaks, spaces, or zones of indeterminacy to bracket off periods imagined as organic wholes. These transitions, necessary devices in the new grammar of history, also began to attract interest on their own, conceived either as chaotic but creative times of transformation, or, more often, as slack periods of decadence that possessed no proper style but exhibited hybrid traits. Their real interest, however, lies in their reflexive application to the nineteenth century itself, by writers and historians such as Alfred de Musset, Chateaubriand, Michelet, and Renan, who in their effort to define their own period envisioned the "transitional period" as a passage between more coherent and stable historical formations. This prospective self-definition of the "age of history" from a future standpoint is very revealing; it shows not just the tension between its organic way of apprehending the past and its own self-perception, but it also opens a window on a new and paradoxical experience of time, one in which change is ceaseless and an end in itself. The paper also presents a critique of the way the term "modernity" has functioned, from Baudelaire's initial use to the present, to occlude the experience of transition that the Romantics highlighted. By imposing on the nineteenth-century sense of the transitory a heroic period designation, the term "modernity" denies precisely the reality it describes, and sublimates a widespread temporal malaise into its contrary. The paper concludes that the peculiarly "modern" mania for naming one's period is a function of transitional time, and that the concept coined by the Romantics still governs our contemporary experience. [source]

    CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: NEW DIRECTIONS

    JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 4 2009
    Arthur J. Dyck
    First page of article [source]

    HOW I SEE PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AND BEYOND

    METAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2005
    Haig Khatchadourian
    Abstract: This article raises some questions about the relevance and value of philosophy at present and suggests some ways in which philosophy can become relevant again. It challenges philosophers to become more actively engaged in the world and to restore Western philosophy's original vision of "love of wisdom," a value sorely lacking in the present-day world and abandoned by much of contemporary Western philosophy. The pursuit of wisdom would involve the quest for sound judgment and synoptic insights regarding the ends humankind should strive to realize, including moral visions to help Homo sapiens emerge from the atavistic jungle. It would also involve sound judgment regarding the proper means for the attainment of these desirable ends. For these things to be possible, philosophy would need to draw upon humankind's collective wisdom in philosophy, religion, and myth, and on advances in scientific knowledge, thereby gaining an ever-deeper understanding of ourselves and of our place in the cosmos. [source]

    CAMBRIDGE THEOLOGY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: ENQUIRY, CONTROVERSY AND TRUTH by David M. Thompson

    NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1033 2010
    AIDAN NICHOLS OP
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    PREACHING JUSTICE: DOMINICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL ETHICS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Francesco Compagnoni OP and Helen Alford OP

    NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1026 2009
    MICHAEL BLACK
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND THE NEW PRESIDENT: SECURITY, PROSPERITY AND STABILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

    POLITICS & POLICY, Issue 6 2008
    Robert McCreight
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    THE VALUE OF THE REMUNERATION OF HIGH CIVIL SERVANTS IN BRITAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

    PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2008
    JOHN D. RIMINGTON
    The article traces a large real and comparative decline in the rewards of high civil servants in Great Britain over the 20th century, accelerating since about 1970. It relates this to developments in the market for ,high quality' graduates and to changes in public and governmental attitudes which have affected the size, organization and role of the civil service. It discusses possible causes of the decline in top rewards in terms of three explanatory approaches suggested by social scientists , the ,institutional', the ,cultural', and the views of the ,Chicago School'. Finally, following an examination of changes in the way senior British civil servants are now recruited and remunerated, it considers possible outcomes in terms of effects on the part they can play in the governmental process. [source]

    HIP FRACTURE RATES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: INTO THE NEXT CENTURY

    ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2 2000
    L. S. Chipchase
    Background: Fractures of the femoral neck already represent a major public health problem in Australia. This situation is set to worsen as the population ages. The present study estimates the number of patients over 50 years of age with femoral neck fractures that is expected to impact on the South Australian healthcare service into the next century. Methods: Population projections from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996 census were combined with age- and gender-specific incidence rates for fractures of the femoral neck for persons over the age of 50 in South Australia. Projections for the expected number of hip fractures in this State were then calculated. Results: Assuming there are no changes in the age- and gender-specific incidence of fracture rates, the number of fractures in South Australia is estimated to increase by approximately 66% by the year 2021 and 190% by 2051. Conclusion: Based on the population projections and the assumption that conditions contributing to hip fractures remain constant, the number of fractured neck of femurs will increase in far greater proportion than the overall population in the next century. The results of the present study indicate the serious implications for the South Australian healthcare system if there is no reduction in incidence rates. [source]

    ANTIMONATE OPAQUE GLAZE COLOURS FROM THE FAIENCE MANUFACTURE OF LE BOIS D'ÉPENSE (19TH CENTURY, NORTHEASTERN FRANCE)*

    ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 5 2009
    M. MAGGETTI
    Three types of antimony-based, opaque ceramic colours were used in the faience workshop of Le Bois d'Épense during the first decades of the 19th century; that is, yellow, tawny and green. Yellow is generated by lead antimonate crystals (Naples Yellow), which are incorporated into an uncoloured glass matrix. According to SEM,EDS measurements, these pigments contain iron. The tawny colour is the optical result of the combined presence of similar yellow, iron-bearing lead antimonate particles in a Fe-rich, brownish glass matrix. The green opaque colour is produced by the combination of a blue cobalt glass and yellow Pb,Sn,Fe-antimonate crystals. Cores of zoned pigments lighten the recipes, according to which the pigments were produced. First, they were synthesized by calcination, ground and then mixed with a colourless, brown or blue glass powder. The resulting powder mixture was added to a liquid agent and used as high-temperature ceramic colour. [source]

    ANOMALIES, PROBINGS, INSIGHTS: KEN FOREMAN'S ROLE IN THE SAMPLING INFERENCE CONTROVERSY OF THE LATE 20TH CENTURY

    AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 4 2005
    Ken Brewer
    Summary This paper is based on the author's recollections of work done for and with E.K. Foreman, and later developments of that work. It describes most particularly the author's early intimations of the potential for using prediction models in survey sampling, the reasons why the use of such models, especially for inferential purposes, was so strongly resisted in the second half of the 20th century, the manner in which randomization and prediction inferences can be combined, and some advantages flowing from that combination. [source]

    COLONIALISM AND LONG-RUN GROWTH IN AUSTRALIA: AN EXAMINATION OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN VICTORIA'S WATER SECTOR DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

    AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
    Edwyna Harris
    colonialism; democracy; economic growth; institutional efficiency; water rights Institutional change in water rights in the nineteenth century Australian colony of Victoria raised institutional efficiency, which contributed to long-run economic growth. High-quality human capital and the extension of voting rights (franchise) were crucial for efficient institutional change in the water sector. Quality human capital (literacy) appeared to increase the rural population's awareness of the economic impact of the existing structure of water rights that may have constrained growth in the agricultural sector and reduced investment incentives. Extension of the franchise allowed the rural population to exert political pressure for enactment of change in water rights, which resulted in efficiency-enhancing policies and efficient institutions. The findings show these two factors were more important than Victoria's British colonial heritage in determining whether growth-enhancing institutional change took place. [source]

    END-OF-LIFE CARE IN THE 21st CENTURY: ADVANCE DIRECTIVES IN UNIVERSAL RIGHTS DISCOURSE

    BIOETHICS, Issue 3 2010
    IREVI, VIOLETA BE
    ABSTRACT This article explores universal normative bases that could help to shape a workable legal construct that would facilitate a global use of advance directives. Although I believe that advance directives are of universal character, my primary aim in approaching this issue is to remain realistic. I will make three claims. First, I will argue that the principles of autonomy, dignity and informed consent, embodied in the Oviedo Convention and the UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, could arguably be regarded as universal bases for the global use of advance directives. Second, I will demonstrate that, despite the apparent consensus of ethical authorities in support of their global use, it is unlikely, for the time being, that such consensus could lead to unqualified legal recognition of advance directives, because of different understandings of the nature of the international rules, meanings of autonomy and dignity which are context-specific and culture-specific, and existing imperfections that make advance directives either unworkable or hardly applicable in practice. The third claim suggests that the fact that the concept of the advance directive is not universally shared does not mean that it should not become so, but never as the only option in managing incompetent patients. A way to proceed is to prioritize work on developing higher standards in managing incompetent patients and on progressing towards the realization of universal human rights in the sphere of bioethics, by advocating a universal, legally binding international convention that would outlaw human rights violations in end-of-life decision-making. [source]

    Struggles Over the Shore: building the quay of Izmir, 1867,1875

    CITY & SOCIETY, Issue 1 2000
    Sibel Zandi-Sayek
    BEGINNING IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, the urban landscape of the Ottoman seaport of Izmir, like other centers on the eastern Mediterranean, was profoundly transformed by the advent of modern forms of urban institutions and infrastructure. Studies dealing with these transformations have been so immersed in structural processes of European economic penetration that little has been known on the ways in which local actors participated in these changes and reworked them to address their own urban concerns and ambitions. Focusing on the remaking of the quay in Izmir, this essay explores how the project triggered discursive and practical struggles among Ottoman administrators, shore owners, local merchants, and a progressive elite, by transforming land tenure patterns and modes of handling trade and shipping on the shore. In doing so, it demonstrates how existing power relations and the complexity of the local urban context reshaped'and gave meaning to this urban modernization scheme. [Modernization, urban elite, public interest, Izmir, Turkey] [source]

    Economics and its Enemies: Two Centuries of Anti-Economics

    ECONOMICA, Issue 286 2005
    A. M. C. Waterman
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    A South-Asian History of Britain: Four Centuries of Peoples from the Indian Sub-continent By Michael H. Fisher, Shompa Lahiri and Shinder Thandi

    HISTORY, Issue 311 2008
    KEITH LAYBOURN
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Three Centuries of Woodlands Indian Art: A Collection of Essays by J. C. H. King and Christian Feest

    AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 4 2009
    IRA JACKNIS
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    The Hermitage through the Centuries

    MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2003
    Mikhail Piotrovsky
    [source]

    Speakers at War in the Late 14th and 15th Centuries

    PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY, Issue 1 2010
    ANNE CURRY
    The significance of war in the development of the medieval English parliament is well known. The origins of the speakership are located in the context of the Hundred Years War, which began in 1337 and in which the English were still embroiled at the time of the Good Parliament of 1376. It was at this parliament that the Commons first chose a spokesperson, Sir Peter de la Mare, knight of the shire for Herefordshire. This article considers the military careers of de la Mare and his successors to the end of the Hundred Years War in 1453. Did the war have an impact on the choice of Speaker? Was a military man chosen for parliaments where military matters were to be discussed? We know the identity of the Speaker in 53 of the 64 parliaments between 1376 and 1453. Several served more than once, so that we are left with a group of 33 individuals to analyse. An overall trend is discernable. Up to 1407 all known Speakers were belted knights, and most had extensive military experience before they took up office. Only five of the 19 parliaments between 1422 and 1453 had Speakers of knightly rank: otherwise, Speakers with legal and administrative, rather than military, experience were chosen. In the years from 1407 to 1422 the speakership was occupied by a mixture of soldiers and administrators many of whom were closely connected to the royal duchy of Lancaster and to revival of English aggression towards France from 1415 onwards. [source]

    Holoprosencephaly: A mythologic and teratologic distillate,,

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 1 2010
    M. Michael Cohen Jr.§
    Abstract This review of holoprosencephaly provides a mythologic and teratologic distillate of the subject under the following headings: Babylonian tablets; Greek mythology; pictures from the 16th through the 20th Centuries; 19th Century teratology; history of more modern concepts and their terminologies; and ocean-going ships named "Cyclops." © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Buddhism, Politics, and Nationalism in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries

    RELIGION COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2007
    Thomas Borchert
    Buddhism is widely understood as a religion with a global scope. Particularly from the end of the twentieth century, the widespread growth of Buddhism internationally, and the extensive ties between Buddhists institutions, leave the impression of unity within contemporary Buddhism. Nevertheless, in this article, I argue that Buddhism cannot be understood outside of a national context. Although international ties between Buddhists are real and important, Sanghas generally remain under the governance by national governments and monks and nuns remain citizens of particular nation-states. As a result, contemporary Buddhism is marked by a tension between the transnational and the national. [source]