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Central India (central + india)
Selected AbstractsEffects of Nitrogen on Dry Matter Accumulation and Productivity of Three Cropping Systems and Residual Effects on Wheat in Deep Vertisols of Central IndiaJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 2 2002P. Ramesh A field experiment was conducted on deep vertisols of Bhopal, India to study the effects of three levels of nitrogen (N), namely 0, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), on the dry matter accumulation (DMA) and productivity of three cropping systems (sole soybean, sole sorghum and soybean + sorghum intercropping) during the rainy season and their residual effect on the subsequent wheat crop during the post-rainy season. During the rainy season, sole sorghum was found to have significantly higher DMA and productivity in terms of soybean equivalent yield (SEY) than sole soybean or soybean + sorghum intercropping. Increasing the N dose from 0 to 100 % RDN significantly improved the DMA and SEY. At a low fertility level (N0), soybean + sorghum intercropping was found to be more productive, while at a high fertility level (100 % RDN), sole sorghum was more productive than the other two cropping systems. However, during the post-rainy season, sole soybean as the preceding crop gave the highest DMA and seed yield of wheat, which were similar to those found with soybean + sorghum intercropping. Sorghum followed by wheat gave the lowest DMA and seed yield of wheat. Application of 100 % RDN irrespective of cropping system during the preceding crop improved the DMA of wheat but not its seed yield. However, N applied to the wheat crop significantly increased its DMA and seed yield. Einfluss von Stickstoff auf Trockenmasseakkumulation und Produktivität von drei Anbausystemen und deren Rückstandswirkung auf Weizen in einem tiefen Vertisol Zentralindiens Ein Feldexperiment wurde durchgeführt auf einem tiefen Vertisol bei Bhopal, Indien, um den Einfluss von drei Stickstoffkonzentrationen 0, 75 und 100 % der empfohlenen Stickstoffmenge (RDN) auf die Trockenmasseakkumulation (DMA) und Produktivität von drei Anbausystemen (Reinanbau Sojabohne, Reinanbau Sorghum und Sojabohne + Sorghum Mischanbau) während der Regensaison und deren Nachwirkungen auf den folgenden Anbau von Weizen während der Nachregensaison zu untersuchen. Während der Regensaison war der Reinanbau von Sorghum signifikant höher in DMA und in der Produktivität in Form von Ertragsäquivalenten für Sojabohnen (SEY) im Vergleich zu einem Reinanbau von Sojabohne oder einem Mischanbau von Sojabohne + Sorghum. Eine Erhöhung der N-Anwendung von 0 bis 100 % RDN erhöhte Signifikanz DMA und SEY. Unter der niedrigen Düngung (N0) erwies sich Sojabohne + Sorghum Mischanbau als produktiver im Vergleich zu einer hohen Düngungeranwendung (100 % RDN), Reinanbau war produktiver als die anderen beiden Anbausysteme. Allerdings während der Nachregensaison erwies sich der Reinanbau von Sojabohnen vor Weizen als die höchste DMA und Ertragsmenge, was mit dem Sojabohnen + Sorghum Mischanbau vergleichbar war. Sorghum gefolgt von Weizen ergab den geringsten DMA und niedrigsten Weizenertrag. Die Anwendung von 100 % RDN erhöhte unabhängig von dem Anbausystem der vorhergehenden Kulturpflanzen DMA von Weizen aber nicht den Kornertrag. Allerdings erhöhte N im Weizenanbau signifikant sowohl DMA als auch Kornertrag. [source] Salinity-related desertification and management strategies: Indian experienceLAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2009G. Singh Abstract High concentration of salts in the rootzone soil limits the productivity of nearly 953 million ha of productive land in the world. Australia, followed by Asia, has the largest area under salinity and sodicity. Most of the salt-affected soils and brackish ground water resources are confined to arid and semiarid regions and are the causative factors for triggering the process of desertification. The problem of salinity and sodicity has degraded about 6·73 million ha area in India. Secondary salinization associated with introduction of irrigation in dry areas like Thar desert in the western part of the country and Sharda Sahayak in Central India have caused desertification due to rise of salts with the rise in ground water level. Large scale cultivation of prawns using sea water in coastal Andhra Pradesh and elsewhere rendered about 2.1 million ha area unfit for agriculture. Similarly, 30,84 per cent ground water in north-western states of the country is either saline and /or brackish and is unfit for irrigation. Use of marginal quality water for irrigation has rendered several thousand ha of productive land unfit for cultivation. The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute was established in 1969 at Karnal to develop sustainable and eco-friendly technologies for reclamation and management of salt-affected soils and judicious use of marginal quality waters. The institute has developed location-specific techniques for reversion of salinity related desertification in India. Salient findings of research during the last three decades and more are presented in this review. This paper deals with (a) classification, nature and extent of salt-affected soils and poor quality water in India, (b) case studies/socio-economic concerns of salinity related desertification, (c) chemical, hydrological and biological approaches in use for rehabilitation of salt-affected soils, (d) guidelines for safe and productive use of marginal quality ground water through cyclic and mixed mode and precision irrigation techniques, (e) successful rehabilitation case studies, (f) alternate land use practices such as raising forest plantations, horticulture, agroforestry, high value medicinal, aromatic and flowering crops, etc., (g) technological, social, economic and environmental impacts and (h) future line of research. Issues requiring policy initiatives to halt salinity-related desertification are also discussed in this review paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Debating dussehra and reinterpreting rebellion in bastar district, central indiaTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 1 2001Nandini Sundar This article unpacks the history of a ,tribal' region in Central India to show that the current appearance of ,two-dimensionality' or stark opposition between the people and the state is a product of colonial and post-colonial policies rather than a pre-colonial relic. It challenges the idea of ,coercive subordination' as an adequate explanation for kingship in this area, as argued by the late Alfred Gell. Instead, this article uses the same phenomena, annual Dussehra rituals and successive rebellions, to argue for a more dialectical concept of hegemony. It also takes issue with culturalist interpretations of rule, arguing instead for a historically nuanced political economy. [source] Trend analysis of Indian summer monsoon rainfall at different spatial scalesATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS, Issue 4 2009Subimal Ghosh Abstract The results obtained from a conventional trend analysis of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall over a larger region are contradicted when analysis is performed at a finer resolution because of spatial variability and heterogeneity in the rainfall pattern. The present study analyzes the trend of summer monsoon rainfall all over India at a finer spatial resolution (1° latitude × 1° longitude) to identify the places that have a significant trend in terms of both rainfall amount and occurrence. The results obtained from this study are compared with those of a recent study by Goswami et al. (2006), where trend analysis is performed over a larger region [Central India (CI); 10° latitude × 12° longitude; assumed to be homogeneous in that study]. The increasing trend of occurrence of heavy rainfall and decreasing trend of occurrence of moderate rainfall, as concluded from that study, are contradicted by the present results for some places in CI. The present analysis shows spatially varying mixed responses of global warming toward rainfall occurrence and amounts all over India. The perception of increase in daily rainfall amount and occurrence due to climate change is found to be not correct for some of the regions in India. The possible reason may be the spatial variability of local changes such as rapid urbanization, industrialization and deforestation. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Intraocular pressure and associated factors in a Central Indian population.ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009Medical Study, The Central India Eye Purpose To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associated factors in the adult population of rural India. . Methods The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study performed in a rural region close to Nagpur in Central India. It included 4711 subjects (aged 30+ years) out of 5885 eligible subjects (response rate: 80.1%). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination. This study was focused on the IOP. Results Out of the 4711 subjects (9422 eyes), IOP measurements were available for 9338 (99.1%) eyes of 4686 (99.5%) subjects. The mean IOP was 13.6±3.4 mm Hg (median: 14 mm Hg; range: 2,56 mm Hg). Assuming a Gaussian distribution curve, the normal range of IOP, defined as mean ± two standard deviations, was from 6.8 mm Hg to 20.4 mm Hg. In multivariate analysis, IOP was significantly associated with the systemic parameters of higher diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), higher pulse rate (P=0.004), and higher body mass index (P=0.007); the socioeconomic parameters of higher level of education (P=0.004), higher cast (P=0.002), and no livestock ownership (P=0.01); and the ocular parameters of higher corneal refractive power (P<0.001), lower central corneal thickness (P=0.002) and higher myopic refractive error (P=0.002). Conclusion The normal range of IOP was from 7 mm Hg to 20 mm Hg. Determinants of IOP were higher diastolic blood pressure, higher pulse rate, higher body mass index, higher level of education, higher cast, higher corneal refractive power, lower central corneal thickness and higher myopic refractive error. [source] Shallow velocity structure along the Hirapur,Mandla profile using traveltime inversion of wide-angle seismic data, and its tectonic implicationsGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Kalachand Sain In order to investigate the velocity structure, and hence shed light on the related tectonics, across the Narmada,Son lineament, traveltimes of wide-angle seismic data along the 240 km long Hirapur,Mandla profile in central India have been inverted. A blocky, laterally heterogeneous, three-layer velocity model down to a depth of 10 km has been derived. The first layer shows a maximum thickness of the upper Vindhyans (4.5 km s,1,) of about 1.35 km and rests on top of normal crystalline basement, represented by the 5.9 km s,1 velocity layer. The anomalous feature of the study is the absence of normal granitic basement in the great Vindhyan Graben, where lower Vindhyan sediments (5.3 km s,1,) were deposited during the Precambrian on high-velocity (6.3 km s,1,) metamorphic rock. The block beneath the Narmada,Son lineament represents a horst feature in which high-velocity (6.5 km s,1,) lower crustal material has risen to a depth of less than 2 km. South of the lineament, the Deccan Traps were deposited on normal basement during the upper Cretaceous period and attained a maximum thickness of about 800 m. [source] Developing compliance and resistance: the state, transnational social movements and tribal peoples contesting India's Narmada projectGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 4 2003Ajay Gandhi In this article I conceptualize a conflict over the Narmada damming project in central India by highlighting particular spatial fields and larger trajectories of political interaction. The Narmada project's maintenance and destabilization is evinced in a range of processes, including conflict over afforestation in tribal villages, protest narratives over resettlement in regional centres, and transnational lobbying of donor agencies. The interpenetration of social practices by different scales, and the mobility of discourses are emphasized. Further, I examine how organizational and social decisions such as implementing a rehabilitation programme, accepting state compensation and participating in public protest point to the contingent nature of power, revealing both complicity and disarticulation between involved parties. Descriptive points and commentary focus on the Indian riparian states implementing the project; the Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save the Narmada Movement); and affected adivasi (tribal) communities in the Narmada Valley. [source] Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central IndiaJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 1 2007V. K. Hazarey Background:, Very few reports have been published on the gender specificity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in relation to habit patterns and the severity of disease in the world literature. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the gender specificity for different habits and severity of OSF. Methods:, A hospital-based cross-sectional study on various habit patterns associated with OSF was performed in Nagpur over a 5-year period. A total of 1000 OSF cases from 266 418 out patients comprised the study sample. Results:, The male-to-female ratio of OSF was 4.9:1. Occurrence of OSF was at a significant younger age group (<30 years) among men when compared with women (OR = 4.62, 3.22,6.63, P = 0.0001). Reduced mouth opening, altered salivation and altered taste sensation were found to be significantly more prevalent in women when compared with men. Exclusive areca nut chewing habit was significantly more prevalent in women (OR = 44.5, 25.4,79.8, P = 0.0001). Whereas significant increase for Gutkha (Areca quid with tobacco) (OR = 2.33, 1.56,3.54, P = 0.0001) and kharra/Mawa (crude combination of areca nut and tobacco) (OR = 6.8, 4.36,11.06, P = 0.0001) chewing was found in men when compared with women. Conclusions:, There is a marked difference in literacy, socioeconomic status, areca nut chewing habits, symptoms and disease severity in women when compared with men in the central Indian population. [source] Distribution and conservation of the Gaur Bos gaurus in the Indian SubcontinentMAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2002ANWARUDDIN CHOUDHURY ABSTRACT The Gaur Bos gaurus ranges from India to peninsular Malaysia. Its distribution, status and conservation in the Indian subcontinent are reviewed here on the basis of available information, both published papers and unpublished census reports of forest departments, and field survey data from north-eastern India and parts of Bhutan and Nepal. The Gaur is found in three disjunct regions, south-western India, central India and north-eastern India (including Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh). Within these regions the distribution is highly fragmented and includes a number of small non-viable isolated populations. The habitat in north-eastern India is still contiguous with that in Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh and to some extent with Nepal. Although the estimated population of the Gaur is 23 000,34 000, it is declining alarmingly. Populations outside the protected areas may not last long. An action plan has been proposed for its conservation. [source] STEPHEN HISLOP AND HIS 1860 CRETACEOUS CONTINENTAL MOLLUSCAN NEW SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS IN LATIN FROM THE DECCAN PLATEAU, INDIAPALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2008JOSEPH H. HARTMAN Abstract:, In 1860, Stephen Hislop published a data-rich document on the infra- and intertrappean strata of the Deccan Plateau of central India, along with numerous new taxa of continental and marine molluscs. His scholarship interestingly blended antiquated, contemporary, and ahead-of-his-time palaeontological methods. Although his work established a completely adequate foundation upon which to build future end-Cretaceous Deccan molluscan studies, effectively no substantive work ensued, with only incidental subsequent reference to his effort. [source] Population genetic structure and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across IndiaANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 4 2005T. N. C. Vidya This study examines the population genetic structure of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across India, which harbours over half the world's population of this endangered species. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and allele frequencies at six nuclear DNA microsatellite markers obtained from the dung of free-ranging elephants reveal low mtDNA and typical microsatellite diversity. Both known divergent clades of mtDNA haplotypes in the Asian elephant are present in India, with southern and central India exhibiting exclusively the , clade of Fernando et al. (2000), northern India exhibiting exclusively the , clade and northeastern India exhibiting both, but predominantly the , clade. A nested clade analysis revealed isolation by distance as the principal mechanism responsible for the observed haplotype distributions within the , and , clades. Analyses of molecular variance and pairwise population FST tests based on both mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA suggest that northern-northeastern India, central India, Nilgiris (in southern India) and Anamalai-Periyar (in southern India) are four demographically autonomous population units and should be managed separately. In addition, evidence for female philopatry, male-mediated gene flow and two possible historical biogeographical barriers is described. [source] Optic disc size in a population-based study in central India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS)ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 1 2008Vinay Nangia Abstract. Purpose:, To determine optic disc size and its associations in an adult population in central India. Methods:, The Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS), Part 1 is a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study and included 1000 subjects out of 1314 (76.1%) subjects from a rural area of Maharasthra/India, aged 30+ years, invited to participate. Confocal laser scanning tomographic optic disc images were morphometrically examined. Results:, Mean optic disc area (2.25 ± 0.51 mm2, range 1.12,4.61 mm2) was significantly correlated with myopic refractive error (p < 0.001) and axial length (p < 0.001), whereas gender (p = 0.14), body height (p = 0.44) and best corrected visual acuity (p = 0.59) were not significantly associated in multiple regression analysis. Conclusions:, Mean optic disc area is larger in the central Indian population than in White people. Axial length and myopic refractive error are independent factors that influence optic disc size. [source] Debating dussehra and reinterpreting rebellion in bastar district, central indiaTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 1 2001Nandini Sundar This article unpacks the history of a ,tribal' region in Central India to show that the current appearance of ,two-dimensionality' or stark opposition between the people and the state is a product of colonial and post-colonial policies rather than a pre-colonial relic. It challenges the idea of ,coercive subordination' as an adequate explanation for kingship in this area, as argued by the late Alfred Gell. Instead, this article uses the same phenomena, annual Dussehra rituals and successive rebellions, to argue for a more dialectical concept of hegemony. It also takes issue with culturalist interpretations of rule, arguing instead for a historically nuanced political economy. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||