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Cell Profiles (cell + profile)
Selected AbstractsBlood cell profile of six Mediterranean mariculture fish speciesJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 1 2007M. Pavlidis Summary The haematological profile and a description of the cell types from the peripheral blood of six Mediterranean fish species are presented. The highest haematocrit value was recorded in the saupe, Sarpa salpa (P < 0.001), the only herbivorous species, and which also lacked monocyte cells. Eosinophils were absent from the blood of the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. White sea bream, Diplodus sargus and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata had statistically significantly high numbers of neutrophils and low numbers of lymphocytes (P < 0.001). The numbers of different leucocyte cell types were not influenced by sex or maturity stage in any species, although some variation in the maximum diameter of the cells was observed. [source] Comparison of atopic and nonatopic children with chronic cough: Bronchoalveolar lavage cell profile,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 10 2007Flavia de A Ferreira MD Abstract Chronic cough is a common complaint in children and its relationship with asthma is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of airway inflammation in atopic and nonatopic children with chronic cough, and to investigate whether atopy is a predictive factor for eosinophilic inflammation in cough. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; three aliquots of 1 ml/kg saline) was performed in the right middle lobe of 24 (11 atopic and 13 nonatopic) children with persistent cough (8 females, 16 males), mean age 4.7 years (range: 1,11). Atopy was defined as an elevated total serum IgE or a positive RAST test. Both atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough had an increase in total cells/ml in BAL (atopic: median 39,×,104, range: 20,123; nonatopic: median 22,×,104, range: 17,132) compared to nonatopic controls (median 11,×,104, range 9,30). The increases were mainly in neutrophils (atopic: median 17%, range 2.5,88.5%; nonatopic: median 6%, range 1.0,55.0%) compared to controls (median 1.55%, range 0.5,7.0%; atopics vs. controls, P,<,0.005). There were no significant increases in eosinophils, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, or mast cells. Eosinophils were elevated in only 5/11 atopic and none of the nonatopic children. The increased percentage of neutrophils in the BAL fluid of atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough could be due to an underlying inflammatory process driving the cough, or even conceivably, due to the effect of coughing itself. In this highly selected series, the absence of eosinophilic inflammation in the majority suggests that most would be predicted not to respond to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. This study underscores the need to be cautious about treating coughing children with inhaled corticosteroids, even in the context of a tertiary referral practice. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:857,863. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinomaCANCER, Issue 10 2005Uche I. Ezeh M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND The seminoma class of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) are characterized by a morphological resemblance to primordial germ cells (PGCs) or gonocytes, and chromosome duplications at 12p. Recently, it was determined that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) express genes in common with PGCs, and that three of these genes, GDF3, STELLAR, and NANOG, are located on 12p. The current study was designed to identify whether expression of these 12p genes were elevated in seminoma relative to normal testis, and to determine whether elevated expression was unique to seminoma. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess gene expression in seminoma samples relative to normal testis and endpoint PCR was used to identify the presence or absence of these genes in breast carcinoma. RESULTS GDF3 expression was increased in eight of nine seminomas compared with normal testis, whereas NANOG, OCT4, or both were expressed at the highest levels in seminoma compared with all other markers analyzed. In addition, the NANOG protein was expressed in the majority of seminoma cells. The adult meiotic germ cell markers BOULE and TEKT1 were undetectable in seminoma, whereas the embryonic and adult germ cell markers DAZL and VASA were significantly reduced. Analysis of these markers in breast carcinoma and the MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line revealed that a core hESC-transcriptional profile could be identified consisting of OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 and that NANOG protein could be detected in breast carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that seminoma and breast carcinoma express a common stem cell profile and that the expression of DAZL and VASA in seminoma mark the germ cell origin of seminoma that is absent in breast carcinoma. Our findings suggest that stem cell genes may either play a direct role in different types of carcinoma progression or serve as valuable markers of tumorigenesis. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Identification of genes expressed preferentially in the developing peripheral margin of the optic cupDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 9 2009Jeffrey M. Trimarchi Abstract Specification of the peripheral optic cup by Wnt signaling is critical for formation of the ciliary body/iris. Identification of marker genes for this region during development provides a starting point for functional analyses. During transcriptional profiling of single cells from the developing eye, two cells were identified that expressed genes not found in most other single cell profiles. In situ hybridizations demonstrated that many of these genes were expressed in the peripheral optic cup in both early mouse and chicken development, and in the ciliary body/iris at subsequent developmental stages. These analyses indicate that the two cells probably originated from the developing ciliary body/iris. Changes in expression of these genes were assayed in embryonic chicken retinas when canonical Wnt signaling was ectopically activated by CA-,-catenin. Twelve ciliary body/iris genes were identified as upregulated following induction, suggesting they are excellent candidates for downstream effectors of Wnt signaling in the optic cup. Developmental Dynamics 238:2327,2339, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Biochemical and white blood cell profiles of baboon neonates consuming formulas with moderate and high dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acidsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008A.T. Hsieh Abstract Background, Clinical chemistry and complete blood count (CBC) values were determined in 14 term baboons (Papio species) consuming formula with moderate or high levels of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from 2,12 weeks of age. Method, Neonates were randomized to three groups: C: Control, no LCPUFA; L: 0.33% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/0.67% arachidonic acid (ARA) (w/w); L3:1.00% DHA/0.67% ARA (w/w). Blood chemistries were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks and CBC parameters were measured at 2, 4, 8, 10, 12 weeks of age. Results, Dietary LCPUFA had significant effects on serum triglyceride (C > L,L3) and calcium (L > C,L3). No other significant effects of diet were detected; pooled values are presented for all other parameters. Conclusion, These data provide longitudinal biochemical and white cell/platelet/immunological data on LCPUFA-fed baboons over the first 12 weeks of life. Data ranges are similar to reference data in cases for which values exist and hematological changes reflect trends observed during human neonatal development. [source] The dorsal raphe nucleus in schizophrenia: a post mortem study of 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronesNEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005R. M. Craven The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) system has been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that a deficit of 5-HT neurones, either inherited or acquired, is central to the developmental pathology of the disorder. We examined putative 5-HT neurones of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in post mortem, formalin-fixed tissue from 15 schizophrenic patients and 20 control subjects matched for age and gender. No significant difference was detected between these groups in the number or size (cross-sectional area or diameter) of tryptophan-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell profiles viewed in transverse sections collected from the level of the trochlear decussation to the emergence of the trigeminal nerve. Profile number was not affected by age, gender, side of the brainstem (left or right) or post mortem interval; however, time in formalin correlated negatively with the number of neurones counted. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was detected between time in formalin and the levels of immunoreaction product (optical density), which in turn correlated positively with our profile counts. A positive correlation was found between the age of subjects and our estimates of cell size. Our results do not support the proposal that an abnormality in the number and/or size of DRN 5-HT neurones is central to the aetiopathology of schizophrenia. [source] Disrupted myelin and axon loss in the anterior commissure of the aged rhesus monkeyTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2003Julie H. Sandell Abstract This study assesses the effects of age on the composition of the anterior commissure of the rhesus monkey. The anterior commissures of nine young (5,10 years), five middle-aged (15,20 years), and eight old (25,35 years) monkeys were examined by light and electron microscopy. In all, 90,95% of the nerve fibers in the anterior commissure are myelinated. With age, the structure of the myelin sheaths of some nerve fibers is altered. Some of the axons also show signs of degeneration and this leads to a loss of nerve fibers. Thus, in young and the middle-aged monkeys the mean number of myelinated nerve fibers in the anterior commissure is 2.2 × 106, while in the old monkeys the mean is 1.2 × 106. Increasing age is correlated with a reduction in the number of myelinated nerve fibers in the anterior commissure, an increase in the frequency of structural alterations in myelin sheaths, and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of degenerating axons. However, the number of myelinated nerve fibers is the only variable that correlates with cognition: in monkeys 5,20 years of age the fewer the number of nerve fibers the poorer the cognitive performance, as measured by our Cognitive Impairment Index (CII). The most common neuroglial cells in the anterior commissure are oligodendrocytes. They account for 86% of all neuroglial cell profiles, while astrocytes account for 9%, and microglial cells for 5% of profiles. There is no apparent change with age in the total numbers of neuroglial cells, although as they age each of the neuroglial cell types acquires some inclusions in their cytoplasm. The data, together with those from previous studies, support the concept that in aging there is a ubiquitous loss of myelinated nerve fibers from the brain and that fiber loss is preceded by alterations in the structure of many of the myelin sheaths. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:14,30, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Influence of modifying and veneering the surface of ceramic abutments on cellular attachment and proliferationCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 11 2008Kamal Mustafa Abstract Objectives: This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the attachment, spreading and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts to milled and polished non-veneered ceramic surfaces in alumina and zirconia and to ceramic surfaces veneered by two different types of porcelain baseliners. Materials and methods: Fibroblasts were cultured on discs of pressed alumina or zirconia, on discs which had been milled, on discs comprising alumina or zirconia which had been polished, on discs of alumina veneered with NobelRondo baseliner Al, on discs of zirconia veneered with Cercon-S baseliner, and on alumina or zirconia discs veneered with the above baseliners and then polished. The surfaces were analyzed using an optical interferometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell profile areas were measured using SEM and an image analyzer. Cell attachment was determined after 3 and 24 h as a ratio of the cell profiles and the total micrograph area and was expressed as percent of attachment. MTT analyses were undertaken to determine cellular attachment after 3 h of incubation and cellular proliferation after 7 days. Results: The polished zirconia specimens had the smoothest surface in terms of average height deviation (Sa=0.03 ,m): the roughest were the zirconia specimens with milled surfaces (Sa=0.36 ,m). The application of the baseliners resulted in surfaces smoother than those of the non-veneered discs. The milled surfaces of both alumina and zirconia had significantly higher percentages of cell attachment and proliferation than the other surfaces whereas the milled surfaces in zirconia demonstrated better cellular attachment after 3 and 24 h of culture than the one in alumina. Fibroblasts attached and grew effectively on the surfaces veneered with NobelRondo throughout the experiments, whereas the zirconia surfaces veneered with Cercon-S had the lowest percentage of cell attachment and proliferation. Conclusions: Although the roughness of all surfaces investigated was <0.4 ,m, the study disclosed significant differences in cellular attachment and proliferation associated with the various surface modifications. [source] | |||||||||||||