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Cell Dissemination (cell + dissemination)
Selected AbstractsCancer Cell Exfoliation by Preoperative Colonoscopic ExaminationDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2000Yuichi Tomiki Background: Colonoscopic contact and repeated biopsies have been associated with an increased risk of cancer cell dissemination. We examined whether exfoliated cancer cells were detected during preoperative colonoscopic examination in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Twenty-five patients with colorectal cancer were studied. Samples were collected by four methods: intestinal lavage solution, endoscope tip, forceps channel (n = 22) and biopsy forceps (n = 3). The collected suspensions were centrifuged, fixed in 95% ethanol, stained with Papanicolaou stain and examined microscopically. Viability of the exfoliated cancer cells was studied in five patients. Samples obtained by endoscope tip and forceps channel were suspended in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum stained with trypan blue or fluorescent dye and examined. Results: Exfoliated cancer cells were detected in 18 of 25 patients (72%). The detection rate was 45.5% in intestinal lavage solution, 68.2% at the endoscope tip and 81.8% in the forceps channel. The detection rate of exfoliated cancer cells adhering to the colonoscope depended on endoscopic contact (P = 0.009). Trypan blue staining and fluorescent staining confirmed the presence of viable cells among the exfoliated cancer cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that cancer cells were exfoliated when the colonoscope passed through a stricture and after biopsy or passage of a colonoscope through a stricture, further manipulation of lesions should be avoided to reduce the risk of implantation metastasis. [source] Prognostic impact of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination in patients with stage II colorectal cancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2006Moritz Koch Abstract Adjuvant chemotherapy is not routinely recommended in patients with colorectal cancer stage UICC II. Some of these patients, however, develop recurrent disease. Therefore, valid prognostic criteria are needed to identify high-risk patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. Disseminated tumor cells, detected in blood and bone marrow, may prove to be a valid marker, however, the prognostic relevance of these cells remains debated. In our study, we examined the prognostic significance of disseminated tumor cells in blood and bone marrow of patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Ninety patients with potentially curative (R0) resection of colorectal cancer stage II were prospectively enrolled into the study. Bone marrow and blood samples were examined for disseminated tumor cells by CK 20 RT-PCR. Patient, tumor and treatment factors were analyzed as prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed tumor cell detection in blood (hazard ratio 2.1, p = 0.03) and T-category (hazard ratio 2.2, p = 0.02) to be independent prognostic factors for relapse-free survival. Tumor cell detection in postoperative blood samples (hazard ratio 7.7, p < 0.001) and number of removed lymph nodes (hazard ratio 6.4, p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival. Detection of circulating tumor cells in blood samples of patients with stage II colorectal cancer identifies patients with poor outcome. This finding should be confirmed by further studies and could then be used as a basis for conducting a randomized trial evaluating the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II patients. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Detection of bone marrow-disseminated breast cancer cells using an RT-PCR assay of MUC5B mRNAINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2003Nora Berois Abstract The evaluation of disseminated epithelial tumor cells in breast cancer patients has generated considerable interest due to its potential association with disease recurrence. Our work was performed to analyze the usefulness of 5 mucin genes expression (MUC2, MUC3, MUC5B, MUC6 and MUC7), using RT-PCR assays, to detect disseminated cancer cells in patients with operable breast cancer. The highest frequencies of positive RT-PCR tests in breast tumor extracts were observed for MUC5B (7/15) and MUC7 (5/12). The best specificity, negative results on all peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cell samples from healthy donors, were shown for MUC2, MUC5B and MUC6 RT-PCR assays. Thus, we selected MUC5B as a target gene for further evaluation. Using a nested RT-PCR, MUC5B mRNA transcripts were detected in 16/31 primary breast tumors (but not in 36 samples of normal PBMN cells) and in the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line but not in BT20, MDA, T47D and ZR-75 breast cancer cell lines, indicating that MUC5B mRNA is expressed in a population of breast cancer cells. Using this method, 9/46 patients (19.5%) who underwent curative surgery showed positive MUC5B mRNA in bone marrow aspirates obtained prior to surgery, including 5/24 patients (20.8%) with stage I or II breast cancer, without histopathologic lymph node involvement. These results indicate that MUC5B mRNA could be a specific marker applicable to the molecular diagnosis of breast cancer cell dissemination. A comparative evaluation between MUC5B mRNA, cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in all bone marrow aspirates suggests a putative complementation for molecular detection of disseminated carcinoma cells. Considering that breast cancer is characterized by a great phenotypic heterogeneity, the use of multimarker approach could contribute to tumor cell detection in bone marrow and blood. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Increased metastatic potential of tumor cells in von Willebrand factor-deficient miceJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 3 2006V. TERRAUBE Summary.,Background:,The key role played by von Willebrand factor (VWF) in platelet adhesion suggests a potential implication in various pathologies, where this process is involved. In cancer metastasis development, tumor cells interact with platelets and the vessel wall to extravasate from the circulation. As a potential mediator of platelet,tumor cell interactions, VWF could influence this early step of tumor spread and therefore play a role in cancer metastasis.Objectives:,To investigate whether VWF is involved in metastasis development.Methods:,In a first step, we characterized the interaction between murine melanoma cells B16-BL6 and VWF in vitro. In a second step, an experimental metastasis model was used to compare the formation of pulmonary metastatic foci in C57BL/6 wild-type and VWF-null mice following the injection of B16-BL6 cells or Lewis lung carcinoma cells.Results:,In vitro adhesion assays revealed that VWF is able to promote a dose-dependent adhesion of B16-BL6 cells via its Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. In the experimental metastasis model, we found a significant increase in the number of pulmonary metastatic foci in VWF-null mice compared with the wild-type mice, a phenotype that could be corrected by restoring VWF plasma levels. We also showed that increased survival of the tumor cells in the lungs during the first 24 h in the absence of VWF was the cause of this increased metastasis.Conclusion:,These findings suggest that VWF plays a protective role against tumor cell dissemination in vivo. Underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. [source] A novel method of generating prostate cancer metastases from orthotopic implantsTHE PROSTATE, Issue 2 2003Eva Corey Abstract BACKGROUND Spontaneous metastasis following implantation at the orthotopic site is a highly desired feature in prostate cancer (CaP) models, since it would enable studies of mechanisms associated with tumor cell dissemination. METHODS LuCaP 23.8 and LuCaP 35, hormone-sensitive CaP xenografts that express PSA and the wild-type androgen receptor, were grown orthotopically in SCID mice. When tumor volumes reached ,250,500 mg, primary tumors were removed to allow micrometastases to grow. RESULTS Using this procedure we generated macroscopic metastases (>20 mg) in 71% (LuCaP 23.8) and 100% (LuCaP 35) of animals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These models may be used to evaluate new treatment modalities and study mechanisms associated with development of metastases. Prostate 56: 110,114, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] |