Cause

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences61%
Life Sciences16%
Humanities and Social Sciences6%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting3%
Chemistry2%
Earth and Environmental Science2%
Psychology2%
7 Other Domains8%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Neurology8%
Dermatology4%
Cardiovascular Disease3%
96 Other Subdomains78%

Kinds of Cause

  • additional cause
  • alternative cause
  • another cause
  • apparent cause
  • bacterial cause
  • benign cause
  • biological cause
  • cardiac cause
  • cardiovascular cause
  • common cause
  • commonest cause
  • contributory cause
  • different cause
  • direct cause
  • diverse cause
  • dominant cause
  • environmental cause
  • exact cause
  • external cause
  • fourth leading cause
  • frequent cause
  • fundamental cause
  • genetic cause
  • hypothesized cause
  • identifiable cause
    		•
  • identified cause
  • immediate cause
  • immunological cause
  • important cause
  • infectious cause
  • largest cause
  • leading cause
  • likely cause
  • main cause
  • major cause
  • many cause
  • medical cause
  • metabolic cause
  • molecular cause
  • multiple cause
  • natural cause
  • necessary cause
  • new cause
  • of cause
  • one cause
  • only cause
  • organic cause
  • other cause
  • other possible cause
  • particular cause
    		•
  • perceived cause
  • physical cause
  • plausible cause
  • possible cause
  • potential cause
  • precise cause
  • predominant cause
  • prevalent cause
  • preventable cause
  • primary cause
  • principal cause
  • probable cause
  • proximate cause
  • putative cause
  • rare cause
  • real cause
  • reversible cause
  • root cause
  • second leading cause
  • secondary cause
  • serious cause
  • several cause
  • significant cause
  • similar cause
  • single cause
    		•
  • social cause
  • sole cause
  • specific cause
  • structural cause
  • sufficient cause
  • surgical cause
  • suspected cause
  • systemic cause
  • third leading cause
  • traumatic cause
  • treatable cause
  • ultimate cause
  • uncertain cause
  • uncommon cause
  • underlying cause
  • unknown cause
  • unrelated cause
  • unusual cause
  • variety of cause
  • various cause
  • well-known cause

    • Terms modified by Cause

  • cause alteration
  • cause analysis
  • cause apoptosi
  • cause cell death
    		•
  • cause change
  • cause disease
  • cause groups
  • cause loss
    		•
  • cause mortality
  • cause other
  • cause problem
  • cause significant morbidity
    		•
  • cause unrelated

    • Selected Abstracts

    AORTO-DUODENAL FISTULA: MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND GASTRODUODENOSCOPY FINDINGS OF A RARE CAUSE OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 3 2007
    Massimo De Filippo
    An aorto-enteric fistula is a serious complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be a life-threatening condition that calls for immediate diagnosis and action. Morbidity and mortality remain high despite progress in diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. In the literature, the aorto-enteric fistula diagnostic suspicion by multidetector computed tomography scan is assumed on the basis of the interruption of the aortic wall, with the presence of duodenal gas situated to tightened contact with the aorta. We report a patient with an aorto-duodenal fistula associated with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm detected by gastro-duodenoscopy and multidetector computed tomography scan, with gas found in the lumen of the abdominal aorta, between the aneurysm wall and the thrombus. [source]

    AN UNEXPECTED CAUSE OF DELIRIUM IN AN OLD PATIENT

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2005
    Juan Marti MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    RESWITCHING AS A CAUSE OF INSTABILITY OF INTERTEMPORAL EQUILIBRIUM

    METROECONOMICA, Issue 4 2005
    Article first published online: 16 NOV 200, Bertram Schefold
    ABSTRACT It is generally recognized that the paradoxes of capital, of which reswitching is the most striking example, are a reason to question the existence of aggregate production functions. It is here shown that they affect intertemporal general equilibrium as well as causes of instabilities. [source]

    THE CAUSES OF GIRLS' DELINQUENCY AND THEIR PROGRAM IMPLICATIONS

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2007
    Margaret A. Zahn
    This article summarizes some of the literature reviewed by the Girls Study Group, which is a federally funded project aimed at assessing the causes of girls' delinquency as well as evaluating programs to address it. The literature reveals that a number of factors such as family dysfunction, involvement with antisocial peers, and living in disadvantaged neighborhoods are correlated with delinquency for both boys and girls. Some factors, however, are gender sensitive, meaning that either girls are more exposed to a given risk factor than boys or react somewhat differently to a given risk factor. Girls have higher rates of exposure to sexual assault, which is associated with delinquency and, although more research is needed, they are more affected by the impacts of early puberty, when it is coupled with harsh parenting and disadvantaged neighborhoods. This article discusses some implications of the research on correlates of delinquency for programming for girls and makes recommendations for program selection. [source]

    RECURRENT COLITIS WITH DIFFERENT CAUSES

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2003
    Article first published online: 29 APR 200
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN CALIFORNIA SEA OTTERS DURING PERIODS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE

    MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003
    JamesA.
    Abstract Elevated mortality appears to be the main reason for both sluggish growth and periods of decline in the threatened California sea otter population. We assessed causes of mortality from salvage records of 3,105 beach-cast carcasses recovered from 1968 through 1999, contrasting two periods of growth with two periods of decline. Overall, an estimated 40%-60% of the deaths were not recovered and 70% of the recovered carcasses died from unknown causes. Nonetheless, several common patterns were evident in the salvage records during the periods of population decline. These included greater percentages of (1) prime age animals (3,10 yr), (2) carcasses killed by great white shark attacks, (3) carcasses recovered in spring and summer, and (4) carcasses for which the cause of death was unknown. Neither sex composition nor the proportion of carcasses dying of infectious disease varied consistently between periods of population increase and decline. The population decline from 1976 to 1984 was likely due to incidental mortality in a set-net fishery, and the decline from 1995 to 1999 may be related to a developing live-fish fishery. Long-term trends unrelated to periods of growth and decline included a decrease in per capita pup production and mass/length ratios of adult carcasses over the 31-yr study. The generally high proportion of deaths from infectious disease suggests that this factor has contributed to the chronically sluggish growth rate of the California sea otter population. [source]

    WITHOUT PURPOSE: MODERNITY AND THE LOSS OF FINAL CAUSES

    THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010
    OWEN ANDERSON
    First page of article [source]

    Assessment of Incidence, Cause, and Consequences of Pressure Ulcers to Evaluate Quality of Provided Care

    DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2009
    JAN WILLEM H. P. LARDENOYE MD
    BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers are one of the most frequently registered complications in general surgery. OBJECTIVE To obtain insight into the incidence, cause, and consequences of pressure ulcers and to evaluate the value of pressure ulcer registration to assess quality of care. RESULTS During the 9-year study period, 275 pressure ulcers were registered (5.8% of total registered complications). Age and female sex were independent risk factors for pressure ulcer development. Pressure ulcer classification was as follows: mild (53.3%), moderate (35.6%), severe (9.5%), and irreversible damage (1.5%). Patients undergoing hip surgery and major limb amputation were at risk for pressure ulcer development (10.4% and 8.8%, respectively). In most patients (89.5%), pressure ulcers had no consequences other than local wound therapy; in 12 patients (4.4%), pressure ulceration led to alteration in medication; in 15 patients (5.5%), length of hospital stay was prolonged; and four patients (0.4%) suffered from irreversible damage. CONCLUSION The incidence of pressure ulcers is strongly correlated to sex, age, and indication of admittance. Most ulcers were classified as mild and had no consequences. The insight obtained into incidence, cause, and consequences of pressure ulcers can be used as an indicator of quality of provided care if adjusted for case mix and indication of operation. [source]

    Skin Cancer in an Atomic Veteran: Cause or Coincidence?

    DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2003
    Kevin L. Nelson PhD
    Background. Some military personnel who were exposed to ionizing radiation during atomic weapons tests subsequently developed skin cancer, but the cause,effect relationship is unclear. Objective. To explore the possible relationship between exposure to atomic tests and the development of skin cancer. Methods. We reviewed available literature regarding the effects of radiation on the skin and the case history of a patient in whom more than 300 basal cell carcinomas developed over a 30-year period after exposure to radiation during atomic testing. Results and Conclusions. Ionizing radiation can cause skin cancer, usually basal cell carcinoma. In some veterans of atomic testing, skin cancer may have been initiated by ionizing radiation and promoted by ultraviolet radiation. We conclude that exposure to ionizing radiation during atomic weapons testing contributed to the excessive number and location of basal cell carcinomas in our patient. [source]

    An Uncommon Cause of Coronary Artery Ostial Obstruction: Papillary Fibroelastoma

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2010
    D.E.A.A., Gabor Erdoes M.D.
    Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma is a benign tumor that mainly affects cardiac valves. The tumor has the potential to cause angina and myocardial infarction due to embolization of tumor fragments. We describe a rare case of right coronary artery ostial obstruction by a 12 × 19 mm sized papillary fibroelastoma located in the sinus of Valsalva. The report underlies the importance of echocardiography in diagnosis and intraoperative treatment of this type of cardiac mass. (Echocardiography 2010;27:337-340) [source]

    Lesions of the Mitral Valve as a Cause of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Presentation and Discussion of Two Cases

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2010
    Maryam Ayati M.D.
    We present two cases of mitral valve lesions that manifested with unilateral blindness caused by central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO): Case 1. A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for sudden blindness. Retinal artery angiogram showed CRAO. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) documented a mass attached to the ventricular side of the posterior mitral leaflet, which at pathology was identified as a blood cyst. Case 2. A 67-year-old man was admitted for a sudden unilateral painless loss of vision. Retinal angiogram documented CRAO, and TEE showed a highly mobile, spherical, lesion on the atrial side of anterior mitral leaflet. In this case, the pathological finding was a degenerated calcified thrombosis. We report on two cases of very rare abnormalities of the mitral valve presenting with a very rare embolic complication, i.e., CRAO. Like for cryptogenic stroke, transesophageal echocardiography plays a central role in the diagnosis of cardiogenic embolic sources. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E1-E3) [source]

    Renal Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia Is a Cause of Refractory Hypertension in the Elderly

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009
    Raed Aqel M.D.
    Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is predominantly a disease of younger women, but it can occur and cause refractory hypertension in the elderly. We present here classic angiographic and intravascular ultrasound images of FMD in a 70-year-old woman with refractory hypertension. Renal artery FMD should be included in the differential diagnosis of refractory hypertension even in older patients since recognizing and treating this condition will add favorably to the outcome of these patients. [source]

    Unusual Cause of Heart Failure in a 65-Year-Old Woman

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 10 2008
    Mirela Tomescu M.D., Ph.D.
    Left ventricular (LV) free wall rupture is a potentially lethal mechanical complication after myocardial infarction (MI). Pericardial adhesions or slow extracardiac leak and pericardial inflammation may result in a contained cardiac rupture. LV pseudoaneurysm is a relatively uncommon clinical entity. It may occur after MI, but also as a complication of infective endocarditis, cardiac surgery, or trauma. Patients developing LV pseudoaneurysm after MI may present angina pectoris or signs of congestive heart failure (HF) but often are asymptomatic. Surgery is the treatment of choice for LV pseudoaneurysms diagnosed in the first months after MI. The management of chronic LV pseudoaneurysms is still subject of debate. This report highlights a 65-year-old patient newly hospitalized for acute decompensated HF who was diagnosed with a large chronic LV pseudoaneurysm and severe mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent successful resection of the pseudoaneurysm and patch repair of the ruptured ventricular wall. [source]

    Possible Paradoxical Embolism as a Rare Cause for an Acute Myocardial Infarction

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2006
    Aleksandr Rovner M.D.
    Paradoxical embolus is a rare entity and it has been incriminated as a cause of both cryptogenic strokes and myocardial infarctions (MI). Herein, we present a case of a patient diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism 1 week prior who now presented with an acute MI. Subsequent evaluation revealed a patent foramen ovale and a large thrombus in the right pulmonary artery. It was presumed that the etiology of her infarct was due to paradoxical embolus. The management of the patient is discussed and the literature is reviewed. [source]

    The Use of Contrast Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of an Unusual Cause of Congestive Heart Failure: Achalasia

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2004
    George Stoupakis M.D.
    Extrinsic compression of the left atrium is a potentially life-threatening but unusual cause of congestive heart failure. Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and dilation of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus. We report only the third known case in the world literature of massive left atrial compression by a dilated esophagus in a patient with achalasia. The use of contrast echocardiography with perflutren protein-type A microspheres allowed for differentiation between a compressive vascular structure and the esophagus. This resulted in prompt treatment leading to hemodynamic stability after nasogastric decompression and Botulinum toxin injection at the gastroesophageal junction. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 21, February 2004) [source]

    Necrotizing Vasculitis: A Cause of Aortic Insufficiency and Conduction System Disturbance

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 7 2003
    Miquel Gómez Pérez M.D.
    Cardiac involvement in vasculitis syndromes is uncommon. We describe a 50-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea and myalgies. Echocardiogram revealed significant thickening of aortic root, aortic cusps, and anterior mitral valve leaflet, with severe aortic regurgitation that required aortic valve replacement. Furthermore, this patient suffered progressive atrioventricular block that needed implantation of a pacemaker. The study performed disclosed the presence of necrotizing vasculitis positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 20, October 2003) [source]

    Postictal Central Apnea as a Cause of SUDEP: Evidence From Near-SUDEP Incident

    EPILEPSIA, Issue 11 2000
    Elson L. So
    Summary: While undergoing video-EEG monitoring, a 20-year-old woman had a 56-second convulsive seizure, after which she developed persistent apnea. The rhythm of the electrocardiogram complexes was unimpaired for approximately 10 seconds, after which it gradually and progressively slowed until it stopped 57 seconds later. Evaluation after successful cardiorespiratory resuscitation showed no evidence of airway obstruction or pulmonary edema. The patient had a previous cardio-respiratory arrest after a complex partial seizure without secondary generalization. Although epileptic seizures are known to be potentially arrhythmogenic to the heart, our observations strongly suggest that one probable mechanism of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy is the marked central suppression of respiratory activity after seizures. [source]

    Epilepsy Can Be Diagnosed When the First Two Seizures Occur on the Same Day

    EPILEPSIA, Issue 9 2000
    Peter Camfield
    Summary: Purpose: Experts have suggested that when the first two (or more) unprovoked seizures occur on the same day, they should be considered as a single event and the diagnosis of epilepsy await a further seizure. We have studied the subsequent clinical course of children with their first two seizures on the same day ("same day" group) compared with children with their first two seizures separated by more than one day ("different day" group). Method: The Nova Scotia childhood epilepsy database documented all newly diagnosed children with epilepsy from 1977 to 1985 with follow-up in 1990 and 1991. Epilepsy was defined as two or more unprovoked seizures regardless of the interval between seizures provided that consciousness fully returned between seizures. All patients had their first seizure between the ages of 1 month and 16 years. Seizure types were restricted to partial, generalized tonic-clonic, and partial with secondary generalization. Results: Of the 490 children with partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and follow-up of more than 2 years, 70 had their first two or more seizures on the same day and 420 had their first two seizures on different days. Eighty percent (56 of 70) of the "same day" group subsequently had one or more further seizures with (n = 14) or without (n = 42) medication; 80.9% (340 of 420) of the "different day" group had one or more further seizures with (n = 115) or without (n = 225) medication. Seizure types were nearly identical. Cause was the same (except for fewer idiopathic "genetic" cases in the "same day" group: 1 of 70 vs. 42 of 420; p = 0.02). Rates of mental handicap and previous febrile seizures were the same. Children in the "same day" group were younger on average (60 vs. 84 months; p = 0.001) and were somewhat more likely to have neurological impairment. Outcome after 7 years average follow-up was the same: 58% of the "same day" group and 56% of the "different day" group were in remission. Conclusion: If two or more unprovoked seizures (with normal consciousness between) occur on the same day, the child appears to have epilepsy and will have a clinical course identical to that of the child with a longer time interval between the first two seizures. [source]

    Subsidiarity in the Area of EU Justice and Home Affairs Law,A Lost Cause?

    EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009
    Ester Herlin-Karnell
    This article intends to highlight the concept of subsidiarity in the area of the third pillar and EU criminal law more generally. In doing so, the article tries to show that criminal law could and should be seen as imbued with ,subsidiarity' and, more specifically, that it could be viewed as an expression of the principle of ultima ratio,a minimalism approach,in criminal law. Accordingly, the article asks why subsidiarity appears to be forgotten in third pillar matters despite its important function in this area. Moreover, the article confronts such a desired application of subsidiarity in the context of established EC law doctrine, by questioning whether it is possible simply to transplant the supranational discussion into the terrain of criminal law. Further, the article explores the function of Article 47 EU as the watchdog of the supranational sphere and discusses also briefly the phenomenon of enhanced cooperation in relation to the principle of subsidiarity in the domain of EU Justice and Home Affairs. [source]

    Interfacial Strain-Induced Oxygen Disorder as the Cause of Enhanced Critical Current Density in Superconducting Thin Films

    ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 6 2009
    Stuart C. Wimbush
    Abstract To understand the origin of the increase in critical current density of rare earth barium cuprate superconductor thin films with decreasing thickness, a series of sub-300-nm EuBa2Cu3O7,, thin films deposited on SrTiO3 substrates are studied by X-ray diffraction and electrical transport measurements. The out-of-plane crystallographic mosaic tilt and the out-of-plane microstrain both increase with decreasing film thickness. The calculated density of c -axis threading dislocations matches the extent of the observed low-field enhancement in critical current density for fields applied parallel to c. The in-plane mosaic twist and in-plane microstrain are both around twice the magnitude of the out-of-plane values, and both increase with decreasing film thickness. The results are consistent with the observed stronger field enhancement in critical current density for fields applied parallel to ab. The lattice parameter variation with thickness is not as expected from consideration of the biaxial strain with the substrate, indicative of in-plane microstrain accommodation by oxygen disorder. Collectively, the results point to an enhancement of critical current by interfacial strain induced oxygen disorder which is greatest closest to the film-substrate interface. The findings of this study have important implications for other thin functional oxide perovskite films and nanostructures where surface and interfacial strains dominate the properties. [source]

    Bilateral Idiopathic Trochleitis as a Cause of Frontal Cephalgia

    HEADACHE, Issue 3 2009
    Pablo Zaragoza-Casares MD
    Trochleitis is defined as the inflammation of the trochlea and peri-trochlear region, in particular the sheath of the superior oblique muscle; being bilateral is an extremely rare event. We think that is important to bear in mind for physicians as a remote possibility in ruling out causes of headache. [source]

    Perineural Invasion of Sinonasal Lymphoma: A Rare Cause of Trigeminal Neuropathy

    HEADACHE, Issue 2 2007
    Chih-Wei Liang MD
    Trigeminal neuropathy is characterized by sensory disturbance of the division of trigeminal nerve, and sometimes is associated with pain. Trigeminal neuropathy secondary to perineural invasion of sinonasal lymphoma is extremely rare. Likewise, sinonasal lymphoma is infrequently demonstrated initially with cranial neuropathy. The present case served to broaden the differential diagnosis of secondary trigeminal neuropathy and to alert clinicians to cautiously assess perineural spread of occult neoplasm in sinonasal tract and larynx or pharynx for cases with evolving trigeminal neuropathy or even other cranial nerve neuropathy in which no definite cause is identified. [source]

    A Not So Uncommon Cause of Thunderclap Headache

    HEADACHE, Issue 6 2002
    David W. Dodick
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Coffee and hepatocellular carcinoma: Cause or confounding?,

    HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
    Prachi S. Patil M.D.
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Altered innate immunity in chronic hepatitis C infection: Cause or effect?,

    HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
    Gyongyi Szabo
    First page of article [source]

    Multi-factors oriented study of P2P Churn

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 9 2009
    Dong Yang
    Abstract The dynamics of peers, namely Churn, is an inherent property of peer-to-peer (P2P) systems and is critical to their design and evaluation. Although every excellent P2P protocol has some solution to this issue, studies on Churn are still seldom. This paper studies various factors related to Churn, and uses them to analyze and evaluate P2P protocols. Prior researches on Churn are all based on the P2P network factors in Churn environment, and their difference is whether to use these factors as predecessor references to build Churn analytical models or as successor references to test the models. According to this difference, this paper first divides various factors into two categories: impacting Churn and affected by Churn. There is a causal relationship between these two categories. Factors impacting Churn are cause, and the factors affected by Churn are effect. In this paper, we use this causality to simulate and analyze P2P Churn. Cause is used as the input data and effect is used as the output result. Second, based on the classification of Churn factors, we present a performance evaluation framework and two comparing models. Based on the framework and models, we simulate and analyze three P2P protocols and get some useful results such as the performance of these protocols under Churn, the advantage of Chord over others, and the most important factors impacting Churn. Finally, we present a method to improve recent P2P Churn models by adding some influence factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Neutropenia Associated with Mirtazapine Use: Is a Drop in the Neutrophil Count in a symptomatic Older Adults a Cause for Concern?

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 8 2002
    Ali Ahmed MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Mitral Regurgitation After Partial Left Ventriculectomy As the Cause of Ventricular Redilatation

    JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 2 2001
    Akira T. Kawaguchi M.D.
    Background: It remains unclear whether ventricular redilatation after partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) is due to underlying pathology or to continued volume overload amenable to surgery. Methods: Among patients undergoing PLV, 32 had Doppler echocardiography preoperatively, immediately after surgery (> 1 week), early after surgery (1,3 months), and late after surgery (8,14 months). Patients were divided into groups with mitral regurgitation (MR; MR+, n = 16) and without postoperative MR (MR-, n = 16) and were compared for ventricular size, performance, and survival. Results: After initial surgical reduction, left ventricular dimension on average gradually increased back to the preoperative level in subgroups of patients with valvular disease and cardiomyopathy and in all patients combined. Most patients showed drastically reduced left ventricular dimension early after PLV. In MR+ patients, dimension increased back to the preoperative level within 3 months after surgery, whereas the MR- group maintained reduced dimension throughout the first year in all patients combined and in a subgroup of patients with cardiomyopathy. Occurrence of significant MR after PLV appeared to be related to severity of fibrosis in excised myocardium but not to severity of preexisting MR, etiology, or performance of mitral valvuloplasty. Conclusions: Early postoperative MR, residual or new, appeared to play an important role in dictating early hemodynamics and late outcome in patients undergoing PLV. Results suggest an aggressive simultaneous approach to abolish MR. Causative role of myocardial fibrosis remains unclear and needs further study. [source]

    An Unusual Cause of Syncope in a Patient with an Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator

    JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
    SLIM KACEM M.D.
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Rationale and Design of ATHENA: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg Bid for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death from Any Cause in PatiENts with Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter

    JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
    STEFAN H. HOHNLOSER M.D.
    Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered clinical arrhythmia, predominantly affecting elderly patients. There is a continued need for new antiarrhythmic drugs to treat the ever-increasing number of patients with this arrhythmia. Dronedarone is a new antiarrhythmic compound currently being developed for treatment of AF. Methods: The ATHENA trial (A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel arm Trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg bid for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause in patiENts with Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter) is the largest single antiarrhythmic drug trial ever conducted. More than 4,600 patients with a history of AF or atrial flutter (AFL) have been randomized to receive dronedarone 400 mg bid or matching placebo. The primary study endpoint is time to first cardiovascular hospitalization or death from any cause. The study has completed patient enrollment in December 2006 and is expected to end follow-up 1 year later. Conclusion: ATHENA will be the largest efficacy and safety trial of dronedarone, a multichannel blocker compound with properties from class I, II, III, and IV antiarrhythmic drugs developed to treat patients with AF. [source]