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Careful Review (careful + review)
Selected AbstractsInaccuracies on Applications for Emergency Medicine Residency TrainingACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 9 2004Martha S. Roellig MD Abstract Objectives: Studies have shown erroneous claims of authorship by medical students applying for residency. Authors have hypothesized that investigation of advanced degrees, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) status, and peer-reviewed publications all show important rates of inaccuracy. Methods:A retrospective review of all applicants offered an interview for the authors' emergency medicine (EM) residency (entering class of 2002), excluding foreign medical graduates and current residents, was conducted. After verifying peer-reviewed publications by MEDLINE search and journal review, errors were tabulated as follows: reference not found, not referenced as an abstract, incorrect author list, or clerical error. AOA status was verified by the AOA organization. Advanced degrees were verified by the awarding institutions. Results: Of 194 applications screened (58.3% of applications), 21 (10.8%) were excluded (9 foreign medical graduates, 12 current residents). Multiple inaccuracies on a single application were counted separately. Of the 173 remaining applications, 23 (13.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 8.8% to 19.5%) had at least one misrepresentation and seven of 173 (4.0%; 95% CI = 1.8% to 8.5%) had two or more. Authorship of at least one peer-reviewed article was claimed by 47 of 173 (27.2%), with ten of 47 (21.3%; 95% CI = 11.2% to 36.1%) having one inaccuracy and six of 47 (12.8%, 95% CI = 5.3% to 26.4%) having two or more. AOA membership was claimed by 14 applicants (8.1%), but five claims (35.7%, 95% CI = 14.0% to 64.4%) were inaccurate. Advanced degrees were claimed by 15 (8.7%); four (26.7%, 95% CI = 8.9% to 55.2%) were in error. Conclusions: Applications for EM residency contain frequent inaccuracies in publications listed, AOA status, and advanced degrees. Careful review of applications is necessary to ensure appropriate credit is given for claims of these types. [source] Ophthalmically Administered , Blockers and Their Cardiopulmonary EffectsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 3 2001Domenic A. Sica MD Early clinical studies revealed that timolol and other topical , blockers were effective in reducing intra-ocular pressure, without the side effects associated with other antiglaucoma agents. However, because persons with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases were generally excluded from many of these early studies, the risk of serious cardiovascular and respiratory side effects was seriously underestimated. Once these drugs were made available to the general population, reports of systemic side effects began to proliferate. Very quickly, adverse effects from topical , blockade became "old news." Despite this recognition, many treating physicians remained unaware of the potential for systemic , blockade from topically applied , blockers. A significant portion of a topically administered dose of a , blocker can be absorbed and thereby affect systemic , blockade. Sensitivity to systemic , blockade can be quite dramatic in certain highly susceptible patients, particularly those with either cardiac or pulmonary abnormalities. Careful review of patients' medications will generally lessen, but not completely eliminate, the risk of undesired complications attributable to topical P blockade. [source] The new mycobacteria: an updateFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Enrico Tortoli Abstract The continuous evolution of mycobacterial taxonomy may represent a source of confusion for laboratories and clinicians. Apart from the obvious pathogenic strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans, the role of other mycobacteria may be associated with varying conditions ranging from contamination to specific disease processes. Of the more than 120 mycobacterial species recognized currently, very few have not been reported as pathogenic in humans or animals. Although the attempt to keep pace with the steadily increasing number of mycobacterial species seems hopeless, a careful review of the recent literature relevant to the newly described species may be advantageous. The aim of this present update is to provide epidemiological and clinical information along with major phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species described in the last 3 years. [source] Second Language Reading Research on Passage Content and Gender: Challenges for the Intermediate-Level CurriculumFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 4 2001Cindy Brantmeier PhD Howevel, a careful examination of available studies reveals disparities among research methods and procedures, thus making it difficult to formulate theories for re-examining the intermediate-level course, where the reading of lengthy, authentic texts begins. To complicate matters further, females begin to outnumber males at the intermediate level, and this gap widens at the advanced levels (Chavez, 2001). This article , through a careful review of the relevant literature , shows that much of the L2 reading process at the intermediate level remains unexplained. Finally, a call for more research at the intermediate level that examines key variables, such as passage content and gender, is made. [source] Polypoid prolapsing mucosal folds with diverticulosis and colonic muco-submucosal elongated polypsGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006Nobuo Kanazawa Background: In 1991, Kelly first reported the presence of red or brown mucosal protrusions or polyps associated with diverticular disease and described this syndrome as ,polypoid prolapsing mucosal folds in diverticular disease.' In 1994, Matake et al. independently reported several long mucosal intraluminal protrusions as ,colonic muco-submucosal elongated polyps.' The purpose of the present study is to address the relationship between the two syndromes. Methods: We performed a careful review of the published work on the clinicopathological features of these syndromes. Results: The clinical symptoms associated with these two syndromes do not differ notably. Because of the mucosal redundancy of the colonic mucosa, the excessive propulsive power of peristalsis may play an important role in generating both types of polyps. Neither ,polypoid prolapsing mucosal folds in diverticular disease' nor ,colonic muco-submucosal elongated polyps' fit into any of the conventional classifications, and their histological characteristics are similar. In addition, we describe the diagnosis and clinical management at our institution of an emergent case of polypoid prolapsing mucosal folds in diverticular disease. Conclusion: In light of their similar etiology and pathology, we propose that these conditions are different manifestations of the same entity. Unifying these two classifications into one makes the diagnosis of either type of polyp less onerous for clinicians, endoscopists and pathologists. As a consequence, it is likely that more cases will be diagnosed and reported. The accumulation of more cases will lead to deeper understanding and further clinicopathological characterization of diverticular polyps. [source] Defending the Scientific Foundations of the Firearms and Tool Mark Identification Discipline: Responding to Recent ChallengesJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Ronald G. Nichols M.Ch.M. ABSTRACT: Recent challenges have brought the discipline of firearms and tool mark identification to the forefront in recent court cases. This article reviews those challenges and offers substantial support for the scientific foundations of the firearms and tool mark identification discipline. A careful review of the available literature has revealed that firearms and tool mark identification is rooted in firm scientific foundations, critically studied according to the precepts of the scientific method culminating in the Association of Firearms and Toolmark Examiners' Theory of Identification. Firearms and tool mark identification has been validated in a manner appropriate for evidence of the kind to be expected in firearms and tool mark examinations. Proficiency tests and error rates have been studied and can provide consumers of the disciple with a useful guide as to the frequency with which misidentifications are reported in the community using appropriate methodologies and controls. As a result, the primary issues in recent challenges do not invalidate the firearms and tool mark discipline as a science nor should it detract it from its admissibility in a court of law. [source] Preface: phys. stat. sol. (c) 1/10PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2004Eun-Kyung Suh The Fifth International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes (ISBLLED-2004) was held in Gyeongju, Korea from 15,19 March 2004. Gyeongju, the ancient capital of the thousand-year Silla kingdom (57 B.C. to 935 A.D.) provided additional pleasure to the participants as an exceptional open-air museum with antique treasures scattered all around the city. During the last decade we have witnessed remarkable developments in wide-gap semiconductors and light emitting devices in the spectral range from the visible to deep UV. The purpose of the Symposium was to provide a forum for intensive discussion on the issues and main progress especially in optoelectronic devices, material growth and characterization, and quantum structures of wide bandgap semiconductors. A total of 243 papers including 220 contributed and 23 invited ones were presented and discussed by 487 participants from 17 countries world-wide. Among them, 154 manuscripts were submitted and reviewed by the usual evaluation process of physica status solidi. Some were rejected or withdrawn, and finally 139 papers are published in the special issues of physica status solidi (a), (b), and (c). We gratefully acknowledge the referees for their careful review. The papers are grouped into 7 categories. The subheadings and the number of papers in each are as follows: Optoelectronic devices, 43; Growth and characterization, 45; Nano and quantum structures, 21; Contacts, 8; Zinc oxide, 9; Indium nitride and indium rich InGaN, 6; Others, 7. The special session of the Symposium, "The LED Highlight", designed partially to meet the challenging targets of the technology, i.e., energy savings and clean environment preservation, drew much attention and is edited as a special coloured section in this issue. The next symposium is scheduled for Montpellier, France, in 2006. We wish the organizers of that symposium the best of luck and hope to see all of the ISBLLED-2004 participants again at ISBLLED-2006. ISBLLED-2004 was sponsored by The Research Society for the Wide-gap Semiconductors, Korean Physical Society, Office of Naval Research, Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, Korea Research Foundation, Korea Association for Photonics Industry Development, Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, and Korea Photonics Technology Institute. We would like to thank Ms. E. S. Hwang for her devotion to the preparation and the Proceedings of the symposium including the manuscript handling for publication. [source] | ||||||||||