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Careful Interpretation (careful + interpretation)
Selected AbstractsRoot canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic proceduresENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2005Frank J. Vertucci The hard tissue repository of the human dental pulp takes on numerous configurations and shapes. A thorough knowledge of tooth morphology, careful interpretation of angled radiographs, proper access preparation and a detailed exploration of the interior of the tooth are essential prerequisites for a successful treatment outcome. Magnification and illumination are aids that must be utilized to achieve this goal. This article describes and illustrates tooth morphology and discusses its relationship to endodontic procedures. A thorough understanding of the complexity of the root canal system is essential for understanding the principles and problems of shaping and cleaning, for determining the apical limits and dimensions of canal preparations, and for performing successful microsurgical procedures. [source] Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodule: Discrepancies between cytologic and histopathologic findingsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 1 2008Young Hen Lee MD Abstract Purpose To analyze the discrepancies between the cytologic results of sonographically (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules and final histopathologic results and to discuss the limitations of US-guided FNA. Materials and Methods The results of US-guided FNAs performed by a single experienced radiologist in 315 thyroid nodules in 292 patients (246 women, 46 men aged 12,79 years) were retrospectively correlated with their surgical pathologic results. The FNA results were classified as nondiagnostic, indeterminate, negative, or positive, whereas final pathologic diagnoses were classified as malignant or benign. Results The FNA results were nondiagnostic in 31 cases (9.8%), indeterminate in 97 cases (30.8%), and determinate in 187 cases (59.4%). Of the 187 conclusive cases, 169 (90.4%) were concordant with the final pathologic results, whereas 18 (9.6%) were discordant with 14 false-positive and 4 false-negative results. These discrepancies were caused by atypical nuclear features. Among the 97 indeterminate and 31 nondiagnostic cases, a malignancy was found in 14 (14.4%) and 8 (25.8%) cases, respectively. In addition, 10 papillary carcinomas, which were not visualized on sonograms, were detected incidentally in thyroidectomy specimens. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of US-guided FNA of thyroid nodule has limitations that should be minimized by careful interpretation of the cytologic findings and accurate sampling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008 [source] The application of carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry to doping controlJOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 7 2008Adam T. Cawley Abstract The administration of synthetic steroid copies is one of the most important issues facing sports. Doping control laboratories accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) require methods of analysis that allow endogenous steroids to be distinguished from their synthetic analogs in urine. The ability to measure isotope distribution at natural abundance with high accuracy and precision has increased the application of Gas Chromatography,Combustion,Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC,C,IRMS) to doping control in recent years. GC,C,IRMS is capable of measuring the carbon isotope ratio (,13C) of urinary steroids and confirm their synthetic origin based on the abnormal 13C content. This tutorial describes some of the complexities encountered by obtaining valid ,13C measurements from GC,C,IRMS and the need for careful interpretation of all relevant information concerning an individual's metabolism in order to make an informed decision with respect to a doping violation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] THE ANALYSIS OF STRESS RELAXATION DATA OF SOME VISCOELASTIC FOODS USING A TEXTURE ANALYZER,JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 4 2006H. SINGH ABSTRACT Uniaxial compression test for dough and several commercial products like jello, mozzarella cheese, cheddar cheese, tofu and sausage (cooked and uncooked) was performed using a texture analyzer (TA). Percent stress relaxation (%SR ), k1 (initial rate of relaxation), k2 (extent of relaxation) and relaxation time (RT) were calculated and compared for different products. The TA software was used to convert the raw SR data into a linear form. Constants k1 and k2 were determined from the intercept and slope of the linear data. Higher values of %SR and k2 (90 and 9, respectively) indicated higher elasticity for jello, whereas wheat flour dough samples showed the lowest values (20,30) for %SR and 1 to 2 for k2. The RT and k1 values were not good indicators for differentiating different products based on their viscoelastic behavior. Measurement of RT was limited by the maximum time for which the data were collected, whereas k1, because of its mathematical form, needed careful interpretation. In this study, %SR was found to be a good measure to interpret viscoelasticity of different food samples. [source] Anticipating catastrophes through extreme value modellingJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES C (APPLIED STATISTICS), Issue 4 2003Stuart Coles Summary. When catastrophes strike it is easy to be wise after the event. It is also often argued that such catastrophic events are unforeseeable, or at least so implausible as to be negligible for planning purposes. We consider these issues in the context of daily rainfall measurements recorded in Venezuela. Before 1999 simple extreme value techniques were used to assess likely future levels of extreme rainfall, and these gave no particular cause for concern. In December 1999 a daily precipitation event of more than 410 mm, almost three times the magnitude of the previously recorded maximum, caused devastation and an estimated 30000 deaths. We look carefully at the previous history of the process and offer an extreme value analysis of the data,with some methodological novelty,that suggests that the 1999 event was much more plausible than the previous analyses had claimed. Deriving design parameters from the results of such an analysis may have had some mitigating effects on the consequences of the subsequent disaster. The themes of the new analysis are simple: the full exploitation of available data, proper accounting of uncertainty, careful interpretation of asymptotic limit laws and allowance for non-stationarity. The effect on the Venezuelan data analysis is dramatic. The broader implications are equally dramatic; that a naïve use of extreme value techniques is likely to lead to a false sense of security that might have devastating consequences in practice. [source] Prenatal detection of structural abnormalities of chromosome 18: associations with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and maternal serum screeningPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 8 2002Michael D. Graf Abstract We describe two cases of prenatally ascertained isochromosome 18. Case 1 included both an isochromosome 18p and an isochromosome 18q, while Case 2 involved only an isochromosome 18q. Both of these cases were associated with a positive maternal serum triple screen trisomy 18 risk (greater than 1 in 100 risk). In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on uncultured amniotic fluid interphase cells in both cases looking for aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. The results of the interphase analyses support the common knowledge that careful interpretation of interphase FISH analysis is necessary and that results should be followed by full cytogenetic analysis. To our knowledge these are the first reported cases of structurally abnormal chromosomes 18 being associated with a positive maternal serum triple screen for trisomy 18. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antiepileptic monotherapy significantly impairs normative scores on common tests of executive functionsACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2009E. Hessen Background,,, Understanding how antiepileptic (AED) monotherapy influences normative test scores is of importance in the clinic for correct interpretation of neuropsychological profiles. Previous studies have primarily reported minor influence on neuropsychological raw scores, and the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. Aim of the study ,To obtain a clinical valid answer to this question, we analysed changes in T-scores after AED withdrawal in a large group of well-controlled epilepsy patients, for tests previously shown to be sensitive to AED withdrawal. Methods ,We report outcomes on measures of choice reaction time from the California Computerized Assessment Package, on the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and on the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test. Results ,Significantly improved T-scores were revealed after AED withdrawal on five of the six tests of executive functions with mean improvement of 5 T-scores. Comparable results were achieved in the subgroup taking carbamazepine, with a mean improvement of 6.2 T-scores. Conclusion ,The present results suggest that T-scores for computerized tests of choice reaction time and tests of verbal fluency and response inhibition may be significantly impaired as a consequence of AED monotherapy, and that careful interpretation of these scores is required in diagnostic assessment of patients receiving AED monotherapy. [source] | |||||||||||||